岩浆热液白钨矿氧同位素组成研究:对流体源区与演化过程的示踪

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.85

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 299-312.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.85

岩浆热液白钨矿氧同位素组成研究:对流体源区与演化过程的示踪

吴锟言¹^,²(), 刘飚¹^,²^,^*(), 吴堑虹¹^,², 李欢¹^,²

1.中南大学有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室, 湖南长沙, 410083
2.中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院, 湖南长沙, 410083

收稿日期:2022-09-08 修回日期:2023-03-14 出版日期:2024-03-25 发布日期:2024-04-18
通信作者: *刘飚(1989—),男,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事矿床学方面研究。E-mail: biaoliu@csu.edu.cn
作者简介:吴锟言(1998—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事矿物地球化学研究。E-mail: wukunyan@csu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“钦杭成矿带湘南段铜锡多金属矿产深部探测技术示范”(2018YFC0603902);湖南省自然科学青年基金项目“不同类型钨矿床中白钨矿的稀土配分型式及其替代机理研究”(2021JJ40722)

Oxygen isotope composition of scheelite in magmatic-hydrothermal W deposits: Tracing fluid source and evolution process

WU Kunyan¹^,²(), LIU Biao¹^,²^,^*(), WU Qianhong¹^,², LI Huan¹^,²

1. MOE Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2. School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Received:2022-09-08 Revised:2023-03-14 Online:2024-03-25 Published:2024-04-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南岭地区中生代发育大量岩浆热液型钨矿床,但是成矿岩体类型、侵位深度以及围岩性质存在差异,且成矿过程中受多期流体活动与大气降水的影响,流体源区与演化过程复杂。本文对不同类型钨矿床中多阶段白钨矿进行了氧同位素组成分析,研究结果显示与S型花岗岩侵入相关的白钨矿氧同位素值最高(5.7‰~7.8‰),A型花岗岩侵入相关的最低(2.9‰~4.5‰),I型花岗岩侵入相关的落在二者之间(5.6‰)。不同类型钨成矿早期流体均主要为岩浆水,后期成矿过程中外来流体贡献不同,其中大气降水对夕卡岩和云英岩型钨矿化影响较小,而石英脉型矿化存在较大比例的大气降水的加入。此外,单颗粒石英脉型白钨矿的氧同位素组成也存在较大的不均一性,核部到边部逐渐降低的趋势反映了多期次的流体活动。综合分析认为,早期结晶的白钨矿尽管经历岩浆分异、流体出溶与热液沉淀,仍保留岩浆熔体的部分氧同位素特征,而早—晚阶段白钨矿氧同位素组成的变化详细记录了流体源区特征与演化过程。夕卡岩与云英岩型白钨矿形成主要与强烈的水岩反应相关,而石英脉中白钨矿沉淀主要与大量的大气降水加入有关。

关键词: 岩浆热液, 白钨矿, 氧同位素, 流体源区, 南岭地区

Abstract:

A large number of magmatic hydrothermal tungsten deposits were formed in Nanling area in the Mesozoic with complex fluid source and evolution process. The ore deposits differ in the ore-forming granite type, intrusion depth and surrounding rock, and formed under influences of multi-stage fluid activities and meteoric water mixing. In this study the oxygen isotope composition of scheelites from different types of tungsten deposits are analyzed. The results show that scheelite related to S-type granite intrusion had the highest δ¹⁸O values (5.7‰-7.8‰), and those to A- and I-type granites had the lowest (2.9‰-4.5‰) and in-between (5.6‰) δ¹⁸O values, respectively. The ore-forming fluids in the early stage were mainly magmatic water, while the contribution of meteoric water in the late stage varied, where the addition of meteoric water, which had little effect on skarnization and greisenization, had large impact on quartz vein mineralization. The δ¹⁸O values in single quartz vein scheelite grain showed high spatial heterogeneity, with a decreasing trend from core to edge, reflecting multi-stage fluid activity. The study concludes based on the δ¹⁸O data that although scheelite of the early stage had undergone magmatic differentiation, fluid exsolution and hydrothermal precipitation, it still retains some characteristics of magmatic melt; while scheelite of early-late stage can reveal the fluid source and evolution in detail. The mineralization of skarn and greisen scheelite is mainly related to intense fluid-rock interactions, while scheelite precipitation in quartz vein is mainly related to the addition of large amounts of meteoric water.

Key words: magmatic-hydrothermal, scheelite, oxygen isotope, fluid source, Nanling

中图分类号:

吴锟言, 刘飚, 吴堑虹, 李欢. 岩浆热液白钨矿氧同位素组成研究:对流体源区与演化过程的示踪[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(2): 299-312.

WU Kunyan, LIU Biao, WU Qianhong, LI Huan. Oxygen isotope composition of scheelite in magmatic-hydrothermal W deposits: Tracing fluid source and evolution process[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(2): 299-312.

图/表 12

图1 南岭地区主要钨矿床分布情况(据文献[1]修改) (a)—南岭地区位置图;(b)—南岭地区主要钨矿床分布图

Fig.1 Distribution of major W deposits in Nanling metallogenic belt. Modified afrte [1].

图2 柿竹园矿床地质图(a,b据文献[15]修改) (a)—柿竹园矿床地质图;(b)—柿竹园矿床剖面图;(c)—钨矿灯下石榴子石夕卡岩中白钨矿的荧光反应;(d)—进变质阶段白钨矿的镜下照片,白钨矿与石榴子石共生;(e)—云英岩与夕卡岩接触带,脉状云英岩穿切夕卡岩;(f)—钨矿灯下云英岩中白钨矿的荧光反应。

Fig.2 Geological map and cross-section with sample locations of the Shizhuyuan deposit (a and b modified after [15])

图3 铜山岭矿田地质图(a,b,c据文献[9]修改) (a)—铜山岭矿田地质图;(b)—江永矿床剖面图;(c)—江华矿床剖面图;(d)—钨矿灯下透辉石夕卡岩中白钨矿的荧光反应;(e)—进变质期白钨矿与透辉石共生;(f)—钨矿灯下石英-硫化物脉中白钨矿的荧光反应;(g)—石英-硫化物期白钨矿与黄铜矿、闪锌矿共生。

Fig.3 Geological map and cross-section with sample locations of the Tongshanling ore field (a, b and c modified after [9])

图4 夕卡岩型钨矿床中白钨矿CL图像 (a)—氧化型夕卡岩白钨矿CL图像,样品来自柿竹园矿床;(b)—还原型夕卡岩白钨矿CL图像,样品来自铜山岭矿床。

Fig.4 CL images of scheelite grains from skarn type W deposits

图5 瑶岗仙矿床地质图(a据文献[49]修改) (a)—瑶岗仙矿床地质图;(b)—瑶岗仙矿床夕卡岩矿体部分剖面图;(c)—瑶岗仙矿床石英脉矿体部分剖面图;(d)—黑钨矿-石英脉及云英岩矿体;(e)—云英岩矿体中白钨矿与云母共生;(f)—黑钨矿-石英脉中白钨矿与方解石、石英共生。

Fig.5 Geological map and cross-section with sample locations of the Yaogangxian deposit (a modified after [49])

图6 石英脉型和云英岩型钨矿床中白钨矿CL图像 (a)—黑钨矿-石英脉型白钨矿CL图像,样品来自大义山矿床;(b)—白钨矿-石英脉型白钨矿CL图像,样品来自香花铺矿床;(c)—夕卡岩-云英岩型白钨矿CL图像,样品来自柿竹园矿床;(d)—石英脉-云英岩型白钨矿CL图像,样品来自瑶岗仙矿床。

Fig.6 CL images of scheelite grains from greisen and quartz-vein types of W deposits

图7 不同类型白钨矿氧同位素特征

Fig.7 Oxygen isotope of scheelite grains from different types of W deposits

表1 不同类型白铇矿氧同位素组成

Table 1 Oxygen isotope composition of different types of scheelite

图7 不同类型白钨矿氧同位素特征

Fig.7 Oxygen isotope of scheelite grains from different types of W deposits

图8 夕卡岩型白钨矿氧同位素组成-温度投图 (a)—氧化型夕卡岩矿床白钨矿氧同位素组成-温度投图;(b)—还原型夕卡岩矿床白钨矿氧同位素组成-温度投图。

Fig.8 Temperature (℃) versus δ18Oscheelite plot for the skarn-type scheelite grains, with isopleths of δ18 O H 2 O calculated using the scheelite-H2O fractionation equation

图9 石英脉型和云英岩型白钨矿氧同位素组成-温度投图 (a)—石英脉型矿床白钨矿氧同位素组成-温度投图;(b)—云英岩型矿床白钨矿氧同位素组成-温度投图。

Fig.9 Temperature (℃) versus δ18Oscheelite plot for the quartz-type and greisen-type scheelite, with isopleths of δ18 O H 2 O calculated using the scheelite-H2O fractionation equation

图10 不同类型钨矿床成矿示意图 (a)—钨矿床成矿示意图;(b)—矿物生长图。

Fig.10 Metallogenic model of different types of W deposits. (a) Metallogenic model of W deposits; (b) The crystallization processes of scheelite grains with oxygen isotope.

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岩浆热液白钨矿氧同位素组成研究:对流体源区与演化过程的示踪

Oxygen isotope composition of scheelite in magmatic-hydrothermal W deposits: Tracing fluid source and evolution process

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