初论岩浆热液成矿系统控岩控矿构造深延格局研究方法

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.11.1

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热液矿床深部控岩控矿构造展布格局与深部矿床(体)空间定位格局等关键问题一直是制约深部勘查部署和实现找矿突破的焦点和难点。在阐述岩浆热液成矿系统矿田(床)控岩控矿构造深延格局主要研究方法的基础上,基于成矿构造体系控制多金属成矿系统、物化探异常信息系统映射多金属成矿系统的研究思路,以湘南地区黄沙坪—宝山铜锡多金属矿田(简称坪宝矿田)为例,构建了控岩控矿构造深延格局、指示控矿构造深延的综合指标评价体系研究的方法框架。据此,通过坪宝矿田控岩控矿构造解析与斑岩型热液成矿系统矿化蚀变分带等综合研究,提出了矿田内黄沙坪、宝山两个典型矿床控岩控矿构造深延格局及深部找矿有利构造部位,为该矿田(床)深部勘查部署和找矿预测提供了新思路和新方法。该方法无疑对深化其他热液成矿系统构造控岩控矿理论及有效开展深部找矿勘查均具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 控岩控矿构造, 深部延展格局, 岩浆热液成矿系统, 研究方法, 湘南坪宝矿田

Abstract:

The lack of understandings about the deep distribution pattern of rock/ore-controlling structures of magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits and the spatial positioning pattern of deep deposits (or orebodies) is the main problem holding back deep mineral exploration deployment and hindering ore prospecting breakthroughs. This paper discusses first the main research methods for the deep extension patter of the controlling structures of magmatic-hydrothermal orefields (or deposits). Based on the discussed methods and following the idea that hydrothermal polymetallic ore deposits controlled by regional metallotectonics are associated with geophysical and geochemical anomalies, this paper, taking the Huangshaping-Baoshan copper-tin polymetallic orefield in southern Hunan as an example, constructs a theoretical framework for analyzing the rock/ore-controlling structures and their extension patterns as well as a comprehensive evaluation index system for assessing the depth extension of the controlling structures. Using these methods, through comprehensive analyses of the rock/ore-controlling structures as well as mineralization alteration zoning pattern for magmatic-hydrothermal porphyry in the orefield, this paper predicts the depth extension patterns of the rock/ore-controlling structures and favorable prospecting target sites (within the controlling structures) for the Huangshaping and Baoshan deposits. This paper provides a new method for deep exploration deployment and ore prospecting in the Huangshaping-Baoshan copper-tin polymetallic orefield, and, without doubt, this method can be referenced for advancing the theories of rock/ore-controlling structures and deep prospecting and exploration for other hydrothermal ore deposits.

Key words: rock and ore-controlling structures, deep extension pattern, magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits, research methods, Huangshaping-Baoshan copper-tin polymetallic orefield, southern Hunan

中图分类号:

韩润生, 赵冻. 初论岩浆热液成矿系统控岩控矿构造深延格局研究方法[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(5): 420-437.

HAN Runsheng, ZHAO Dong. Research methods for the deep extension pattern of rock/ore-controlling structures of magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits—a preliminary study[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(5): 420-437.

图/表 11

图1 矿田(床)构造专项研究方法框架图(据文献[6]详改)

Fig.1 Framework of special structural research method for ore field or deposit. Modified after [6].

图2 矿田(床)构造-岩相学填图方法框架图(据文献[38]修改)

Fig.2 Research methods and framework of structure and alterative lithofacies mapping for ore field or deposit. Modified after [38].

图3 湘南地区剥蚀程度划分(a)与主要矿田(床)控矿构造剖面示意图(b)(底图据文献[84]修绘)

Fig.3 Discrimination of erosional degree (a) and multiple structural sections of the main ore fields or deposits (b) in southern Hunan. Modified after [84].

图4 坪宝矿田控岩控矿构造深延格局研究框架

Fig.4 Research framework of metallogenic tectonic system and ore-controlling tectonic extension pattern in Huangshaping-Baoshan orefield

图5 坪宝矿田控岩控矿构深延格局的三级综合指标评价体系简图

Fig.5 Research methods of three-level comprehensive index system of ore-controlling tectonic extension in Huangshaping-Baoshan orefield

图6 坪宝矿田地质简图(a)、坪宝矿田构造-岩浆-成矿对称性力学分析图(b)和坪宝矿田“麻花状”构造空间特征示意图(c)(a据文献[85]修绘, b,c据文献[36]) 1—下古近系;2—三叠系下统;3—二叠系中下统;4—石炭系中上统;5—石炭系下统;6—泥盆系下统;7—石英斑岩;8—花岗闪长斑岩;9—花岗斑岩;10—正长岩;11—燕山早期花岗岩;12—印支期花岗岩;13—实(推)测地质界线;14—实(推)测断层及产状;15—重磁推断基底断裂;16—重磁推断深断裂带;17—钨锡铅锌铜多金属矿田;18—角砾岩;19—主压应力(σ1)方向;20—扭应力方向;21—推测隐伏岩体;22—矿床。

Fig.6 (a) Regional geological sketch map of the Huangshaping-Baoshan polymetallic ore field; (b) Schematic diagram illustrating the mechanical properties contributing to the symmetry of the tectono-magma-metallogenic system of the ore field; (c) Schematic diagram of spatial characteristics of the ‘twist flower' structure. (a modified after [85],b, c modified after [36])

图7 (a)黄沙坪矿床F3断裂剖面图;(b,c)张性断层f1和压性断层f2;(d,e)热液方解石和黄铁矿充填在张性断层f7中,方解石表面可见擦痕;(f,g)南北向断裂(f4-6);(h-k)近SN向断裂下盘发育致密块状矿体和强方解石灰岩;(l)f12断层切割的热液方解石脉;(m)NW向f14和f15断层;(n,o)不同阶段古应力场重建

Fig.7 (a) Profile sketch of F3 fault; (b, c) Tensile fault f1 and compressive fault f2; (d, e) Hydrothermal calcite and pyrite are filled in the tensile fault f7, and scratches can be seen on the calcite surface; (f, g) The north-south trending fault (f4-6); (h-k) Dense massive orebodies and strong calcite limestone are developed in the footwall of the near-north-south trending fault; (l) Hydrothermal calcite vein cut by fault f12; (m) NW-trending faults f14 and f15; (n, o) reconstruction of different stages palaeo-stress fields in the Huangshaping deposit

图8 (a)黄沙坪矿区成矿期、成矿后构造应力场反演图;(b-e) 岩浆侵入接触构造组合样式

Fig.8 (a) Inversion of tectonic stress field after metallogenic period and metallogenic period in Huangshaping mining area; (b-e) combined pattern of magmatic intrusion contact structure

图9 黄沙坪矿区岩浆侵入接触构造几何学控岩控矿机制分析图

Fig.9 Mechanical properties of the intrusion contact structure of the Huangshaping deposit

图10 黄沙坪矿床矿化蚀变垂向分带示意图

Fig.10 Spatial zoning of mineralization alteration in Huangshaping deposit

图11 a—宝山铜多金属矿区矿体群侧伏与矿化中心投影;b—主矿体群侧伏和矿化中心三维演化趋势图(a据文献[87]修绘)

Fig.11 (a) Projection of lateralization and mineralization center of orebodies in Baoshan deposit; (b) 3D evolution trend of the center of Pb-Zn-Cu orebodies. a modified after [87].

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