地学前缘 ›› 2016, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 109-128.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.2016.04.010

• 华南地区构造与成矿 • 上一篇    下一篇

华南地区基底组成与构造演化及其对成岩成矿的控制

 汤家富, 戴圣潜   

  1. 1. 安徽省地质矿产局327地质队, 安徽 合肥 230011
    2. 安徽省公益性地质调查管理中心, 安徽 合肥 230011
    3. 安徽省地质矿产局321地质队, 安徽 铜陵 230091
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-10 修回日期:2016-03-01 出版日期:2016-07-15 发布日期:2016-07-15
  • 作者简介:汤家富(1937—)，男，教授级高级工程师，主要从事区域地质调查，矿产地质调查专业。E-mail:492488889@qq.com

Composition and tectonic evolution of Precambrian basement in South China and their control in diagenesis and mineralization.

 SHANG  Jia-Fu, DAI  Ku-Qian   

  1. 1. No.327 Geological Team, Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Anhui Province, Hefei 230011, China
    2. Geological Survey of Anhui Public Management Center, Hefei 230011, China
    3. No.321 Geological Team, Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Anhui Province, Tongling 230091, China
  • Received:2015-12-10 Revised:2016-03-01 Online:2016-07-15 Published:2016-07-15

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摘要：

综合分析已有区域地质资料，结合新的年龄测试数据，将华南地区基底岩系划分为3类5层：新太古—古元古代结晶基底(D1)；中元古代变质基底(D2)；新元古代青白口系(D3A)、新元古代青白口系至中下泥盆统(D3B)、新元古代青白口系至中下三叠统(D3C)的褶皱基底。自北而南划分出秦岭—大别—苏鲁、扬子、江南、南华、武夷—云开、华夏及康滇等不同构造单元。阐述了华南地区形成演化与全球18亿年的Columbia、10亿年的Rodinia、2.5亿年的Pangea超大陆、裂解、汇聚相吻合过程。提出了陆内造山带形成，一般都经历了裂解成盆、伸展拆离、收缩挤压、热隆成山阶段。形成的主要动力源，可能是在地球旋转所产生地球圈层差速旋转总动力背景前提下，由地幔差速环流所引发的岩石圈及地壳内各分层与界面伸展拆离所产生。总结了中新生代，主要是燕山运动在华南地区形成的新构造格局，及火山岩浆活动的分布广阔性、展布的方向性、时间的迁移性，岩性的分带性，侵位的规律性，显然与“东亚多向汇聚”及太平洋板块向西俯冲无关。将分布于华南地区主要金属矿床，分同生、内生、叠生3类，并就其矿床类型、形成条件、分布规律等作了初步归纳，就其控岩控矿特征及找矿方向提出了建议。

关键词: 华南地区, 结晶基底, 变质基底, 褶皱基底, 陆内造山带, 控岩控矿构造

Abstract:

Based on the comprehensive analysis of the regional geological data, combining with the new geo age data, this paper divides the basement rock series into three classes and five layers: the Late ArchaeanEarly Proterozoic crystalline basement (D1); the Mesoproterozoic metamorphosed basement (D2); folded basement of the Neoproterozoic Qingbaikou system (D3A); the Neoproterozoic Qingbaikou systemthe Middle and Lower Devonian series (D3B), the Neoproterozoic Qingbaikou systemthe Middle and Lower Triassic series (D3C), and several tectonic units were divided, i.e., QinlingDabieSulu, Jiangnan, Nanhua, WuyiYuankai orogen and Kangdian multiple orogen from the north to the south. This paper expounds the evolution of the South China Block, which is consistent with the process of the super continent (Columbia in 1800 Ma, Rodinia in 1000 Ma and Pangea in 250 Ma), separating and convergence. This paper proposes that inland orogen has always undergone multistage tectonic movements, including cracking into a basin, extensional detachment, compressive squeezing and thermal uplift to form mountains. The forming geodynamic source may be provided by the extensional detachmentslip shear process within the lithosphere and different layers of crust caused by “mantle differential circulation”, under the prerequisite geodynamic setting of the differential rotation between several earths spheres. And then this paper summarizes the new tectonic framework in the MesoCenozoic, especially for south China caused by the Yanshan movement, explains widespread and direction of the distribution of volcanic magmatic activity, age migration, lithologic zonality and regularity of intrusion. Obviously it is not associated with the “East Asian multidirection convergence” and the westward subduction of the Pacific plate. This paper also classifies the main metal mineral deposits in south China into syngenetic, endogenic and superimposed mineral deposit, initially concludes the type, formation condition and regularities of distribution of these deposits, and finally gives some suggestions for the further exploration based on the control of rock and orecontrolling characteristics.

Key words: South China, crystalline basement, metamorphosed basement, folded basement, inland orogen, rock and ore controlling tectonics

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