扬子板块西南缘新元古代中—晚期中-基性岩成因及深部动力学意义

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.8.99

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 303-322.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.8.99

扬子板块西南缘新元古代中—晚期中-基性岩成因及深部动力学意义

蒋修未¹(), 赖绍聪²^,^*(), 朱毓²^,³, 秦江锋², 朱韧之², 刘敏², 杨航², 杨振², 薛文斌²

1.中国石油新疆油田勘探开发研究院, 新疆克拉玛依 834000
2.西北大学地质学系, 大陆动力学国家重点实验室, 陕西西安 715100
3.长江大学资源与环境学院, 油气地球化学与环境重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430100

收稿日期:2024-11-01 修回日期:2025-01-18 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-11-12
通信作者: 赖绍聪
作者简介:蒋修未(1995—),男,博士,主要从事前寒武火成岩成因研究。E-mail: 1203824932@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42172056);国家自然科学基金创新群体“大陆构造与动力学”项目(41421002)

The petrogenesi and deep dynamic implications of Middel-Late Neoproterozoic intermediate-mafic rocks on southwestern margin of Yangtze Block

JIANG Xiuwei¹(), LAI Shaocong²^,^*(), ZHU Yu²^,³, QIN Jiangfeng², ZHU Renzhi², LIU Min², YANG Hang², YANG Zhen², XUE Wenbin²

1. Exploration and Development Research Institute, Xinjiang Oilfield, PetroChina, Karamay 834000, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 715100, China
3. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China

Received:2024-11-01 Revised:2025-01-18 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-11-12
Contact: LAI Shaocong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

扬子板块西缘和西南缘新元古代早—中期(ca. 937~820 Ma)中-基性侵入岩普遍被认为起源于俯冲带交代地幔,然而,新元古代中—晚期(ca. 820~710 Ma)中-基性岩的地幔源区属性和深部动力学背景存在争议。基于此,本文选择扬子板块西南缘新识别的太阳寨变基性岩和刘家寨角闪辉长岩为主要研究对象,通过系统的地质年代学、全岩主微量地球化学和同位素地球化学,分析两组中-基性岩的成因机制、地幔交代作用和深部动力学背景。锆石U-Pb结果表明,太阳寨变基性岩形成于(713±6.3)Ma,刘家寨角闪辉长岩形成于(712±3.6)Ma。太阳寨变基性岩具有变化的MgO(3.3%~7.2%)、Fe₂O_3T(8.3%~15.5%)、CaO(11.3%~12.7%),高的TiO₂(1.2%~2.6%)含量和低的K₂O(0.26%~0.33%)含量,属于拉斑玄武质系列。这些岩石轻微富集LREEs,亏损HREEs,富集LILEs和Ti,亏损HFSEs。并且具有变化的锆石ε_Hf(t)(-1.9~+1.4)值和正的全岩ε_Nd(t)(+1.5~+3.9)值,指示了Nd-Hf同位素的解耦特征。结合较高的TiO₂、Nb含量,Nb/Y(0.40~0.77)和Nb/Zr(0.13~0.18)比值,表明太阳寨变基性岩起源于俯冲板片熔体交代的地幔源区。刘家寨角闪辉长岩具有较高的MgO(5.4%~7.2%)、Fe₂O_3T(14.5%~16.2%)和TiO₂(2.8%~3.4%)含量,较低的Mg^#值(40.0~49.6)和不均一的K₂O(0.5%~2.3%)含量。这些角闪辉长岩富集LREEs,亏损HREEs,富集LILEs(Rb、Pb和Sr)和Ti,亏损HFSEs(Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf)。样品具有变化的锆石ε_Hf(t)(-0.7~+5.9)和负的全岩ε_Nd(t)(-1.8~-1.3)值。结合较高的K₂O、Nb((3.4~6.2)×10^-6)和Th((0.4~1.2)×10^-6)含量,较高的Nb/Y(0.23~0.33)和Nb/Zr(0.08~0.11)比值,表明刘家寨角闪辉长岩起源于板片熔体和沉积物熔体交代的地幔源区。这些中-基性岩形成于区域伸展的弧后背景,标志着扬子板块西缘和西南缘在新元古代时期经历了从早—中期俯冲到中—晚期弧后伸展的构造转变。

关键词: 扬子西南缘, 中—晚新元古代, 中-基性岩, 地幔源区, 深部动力学背景

Abstract:

The early-middle Neoproterozoic (ca.937-820 Ma) intermediate-mafic rocks in the western and southwestern margins of the Yangtze Block are generally considered to have formed in the metasomatized mantle source of subduction zone, but the middle-late Neoproterozoic (ca.820-710 Ma) intermediate-mafic rocks had remained controversial. Based on this, this paper presents systematic geochronology and geochemistry studies for the newly identified Taiyangzhai metamafic rocks and Liujiazhai amphibole gabbro on the southwest margin of the Yangtze Block to investigate their petrogenesis, mantle metasomatism and deep dynamic setting. Zircon U-Pb results show that the Taiyangzhai metamafic rocks and Liujiazhai amphibole gabbro were formed at (713 ± 6.3) Ma, and (712 ± 3.6) Ma, respectively. The Taiyangzhai metamafic dike has varying MgO (3.3%-7.2%), total Fe₂O₃ (8.3%-15.5%), CaO (11.3%-12.7%), high TiO₂ (1.2%-2.6%) and low K₂O (0.26%-0.33%), belonging to the tholeiite series. These rocks are slightly enriched in LREEs and depleted in HREEs, enriched in LILEs (Ba, Pb, Sr) and Ti, but depleted in HFSEs (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf). They also have varied zircon ε_Hf(t) (-1.9~+1.4) and positive whole-rock ε_Nd(t) (+1.5~+3.9), showing decoupling characteristics. Combined with the high TiO₂, Nb contents, Nb/Y (0.40-0.77) and Nb/Zr (0.13-0.18) ratios, the Taiyangzhai metamafic rocks originated from the mantle source modified by slab melts. Liujiazhai amphibole gabbro has high MgO (5.4%-7.2%), total Fe₂O₃ (14.5%-16.2%) and TiO₂ (2.8%-3.4%), low Mg^# values (40.0-49.6) and varying K₂O (0.5%-2.3%). These amphibole gabbros are enriched in LREEs, depleted in HREEs, enriched in LILEs (Rb, Pb, Sr) and Ti, but depleted in HFSEs (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf). These samples have varied zircon ε_Hf(t) (-0.7~+5.9) and negative whole rock ε_Nd(t) (-1.8~-1.3). Combined with high K₂O, Nb ((3.4-6.2)×10^-6) and Th ((0.4-1.2)×10^-6) contents, as well as high Nb/Y (0.23-0.33) and Nb/Zr (0.08-0.11) ratios, suggest that they were derived from a mantle source modified by slab melt and sediment melt. These intermediate-mafic rocks formed in an extended back-arc setting. We propose that the western and southwestern margins of the Yangtze Block underwent a tectonic transition from subduction to back-arc extension from the early-middle to middle-late Neoproterozoic.

Key words: southwest margin of the Yangtze Block, Middle-Late Neoproterozoic, intermediate-mafic rocks, mantle source, deep geodynamic setting

中图分类号:

P581

蒋修未, 赖绍聪, 朱毓, 秦江锋, 朱韧之, 刘敏, 杨航, 杨振, 薛文斌. 扬子板块西南缘新元古代中—晚期中-基性岩成因及深部动力学意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(6): 303-322.

JIANG Xiuwei, LAI Shaocong, ZHU Yu, QIN Jiangfeng, ZHU Renzhi, LIU Min, YANG Hang, YANG Zhen, XUE Wenbin. The petrogenesi and deep dynamic implications of Middel-Late Neoproterozoic intermediate-mafic rocks on southwestern margin of Yangtze Block[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(6): 303-322.

图/表 15

图1 扬子板块西缘和西南缘地质简图(底图和数据据文献[4-5])

Fig.1 Simple geological map of western and southwestern margins of Yangtze Block. Modified after [4-5].

图2 扬子板块西南缘哀牢山变质杂岩带地质简图(底图据[11]修改)

Fig.2 Simple geological map of Ailaoshan complex blet on southwestern margins of Yangtze Block. Modified after [11].

图3 中-基性岩显微镜下特征 Amp—角闪石;Pl—斜长石;Bt—黑云母;Ap—磷灰石;Ilm—钛铁矿。

Fig.3 Microscopic observation of different intermediate-mafic intrusions

表1 扬子板块西南缘太阳寨富Nb-Ti变基性岩和刘家寨富Nb-Ti角闪辉长岩锆石U-Pb年龄分析结果

Table 1 Zircon U-Pb of Taiyangzhai and Liujiazhai Nb-enriched rocks in southwestern margin of Yangtze Block

图4 锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图

Fig.4 Diagram of zircon U-Pb data

图5 锆石U-Pb年龄 (Ma) vs εHf(t)图解。(中-基性岩数据收集自[4-5,21])

Fig.5 Diagrams of zircon U-Pb vs εHf(t). Modified after [4-5,21].

图6 (a)SiO2 vs 全碱(Na2O+K2O)图解[22];(b)SiO2 vs K2O图解[23];(c)Nb vs Nb/U图解[24];(d)SiO2 vs TiO2图解(中-基性岩数据引用自[4-5])

Fig.6 Diagrams of (a) SiO2 vs total alkaline (Na2O+K2O); (b) SiO2 vs K2O; (c)Nb vs Nb/U;(d) SiO2 vs TiO2. Modified after [4-5,22-24].

图7 球粒陨石标准化图(a,c)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b,d)(球粒陨石、原始地幔、OIB、E-MORB和N-MORB数据引用自[25])

Fig.7 Diagrams of (a, c) whole rocks chondrite normalized REE patterns and (b, d) primitive mantle normalized incompatible element variation. Modified after [25].

图8 中-基性岩全岩(87Sr/86S)i vs εNd(t)(数据引用自[4] )

Fig.8 Diagrams of whole rocks (87Sr/86S)i vs εNd(t). Modified after [4].

图9 中-基性岩地壳混染判别图解

Fig.9 Diagrams of crustal contamination of intermediate-mafic intrusions

图10 中-基性岩地幔交代作用判别

Fig.10 Diagrams of mantle metasomatism of ultramafic-mafic and intermediate intrusions. Modified after [4,29-30]. (a)—(Ta/La)N vs(Hf/Sm)N([29]);(b)—Nb/Y vs Ba/La;(c)—Th vs U/Th;(d)—Th/Zr vs Nb/Zr([30]);(e)—εNd(t) vs εHf(t)([4]);(f)—全岩(87Sr/86Sr)i vs εNd(t)。

图11 富Nb-Ti和普通“弧”基性-超基性和中性岩构造背景判别

Fig.11 Tectonic diagrams of of Nb-Ti and arc ultramafic-mafic and intermediate intrusions. Modified after [36-38]. (a)—U-Pb vs V/Sc([36]);(b)—Ti vs V([37]);(c)—Y/15-La/10-Nb/8;(d)—Hf/3-Th-Ta图解([38])。

图12 富Nb-Ti和“弧”基性-超基性和中性岩俯冲交代类型 (a)—锆石U-Pb年龄vs Fe2O3T;(b)—锆石U-Pb年龄vs TiO2;(c)—锆石U-Pb年龄vs Nb;(d)—锆石U-Pb年龄vs Nb/La;(e)—锆石U-Pb年龄vs Nb/Y;(f)—锆石U-Pb年龄vs Nb/Zr。

Fig.12 Metasomatized diagrams of Nb-Ti enrich and arc mafic and intermediate intrusions

图13 扬子板块周缘新元古代不同交代作用和弧岩浆作用之间的时空关系(修改自[6])

Fig.13 Diagrams of time-space relationship between different mantle metasomatism and arc magmatism from margins of Yangtze Block. Modified after [6].

图14 扬子板块周缘新元古代构造进程转换(引用自[45])

Fig.14 Diagrams of Neoproterozoic structural transition from margins of Yangtze Block. Adapted from [45].

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扬子板块西南缘新元古代中—晚期中-基性岩成因及深部动力学意义

The petrogenesi and deep dynamic implications of Middel-Late Neoproterozoic intermediate-mafic rocks on southwestern margin of Yangtze Block

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