德雷克海峡打开与构造—古海洋—古气候演变

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.5.29

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 415-435.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.5.29

德雷克海峡打开与构造—古海洋—古气候演变

张梦薇¹^,²(), 高亮¹^,²^,^*(), 赵越¹^,², 裴军令³, 杨振宇⁴, 郭晓倩¹^,², 胡新炜¹^,²

1.中国地质大学(北京) 极地地质与海洋矿产教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083
2.中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院, 北京 100083
3.东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室, 江西南昌 330013
4.首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048

收稿日期:2024-02-28 修回日期:2024-04-22 出版日期:2024-11-25 发布日期:2024-11-25
通信作者: *高亮(1987—),男,教授,博士生导师,构造地质学专业,从事南极地质学研究工作。E-mail: lgao@live.cn
作者简介:张梦薇(1999—),女,硕士研究生,海洋科学专业。E-mail: mwzhang48@gmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41930218);国家自然科学基金项目(42322607);国家自然科学基金项目(42076223);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(265QZ2021013)

The interaction between the opening of the Drake Passage and global paleoceanographic-paleoclimatic change

ZHANG Mengwei¹^,²(), GAO Liang¹^,²^,^*(), ZHAO Yue¹^,², PEI Junling³, YANG Zhenyu⁴, GUO Xiaoqian¹^,², HU Xinwei¹^,²

1. Key Laboratory of Polar Geology and Marine Mineral Resources (China University of Geosciences, Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
4. College of Resources, Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China

Received:2024-02-28 Revised:2024-04-22 Online:2024-11-25 Published:2024-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

德雷克海峡的打开受到南美南部和南极半岛北部板块运动与构造演化影响,并导致南极绕极流和现今大洋环流模式最终形成,是理解新生代全球变化的关键因素之一。前人通过古大陆重建与古海洋学相关方法研究德雷克海峡打开与南极绕极流形成过程,本文总结了前人研究成果,并综合南极半岛北部与南美南部新生代构造演化和全球大洋底栖有孔虫δ¹⁸O、δ¹³C、全球深海溶解氧含量、大气CO₂浓度、全球大洋生产力变化等数据,提出40~35、30~25和20~18 Ma 3期德雷克海峡打开与南极绕极流加强的关键阶段。这3期事件发生于南极半岛北部与南美南部的关键构造演化阶段,其中后两个阶段发生在大西洋经向翻转流形成之后,对应全球大洋底栖有孔虫δ¹³C低值、大气CO₂浓度低值、深海溶解氧低值、南大洋高生产力和赤道海区低生产力阶段。据此,我们提出南极半岛北部与南美南部相关构造事件导致南极绕极流增强,并主导了这些时期的古海洋与古气候变化,这一认识有助于厘清德雷克海峡演化的重要阶段及其对全球变化的影响。

关键词: 南极半岛北部, 南美南部, 德雷克海峡, 板块构造, 古海洋, 古气候

Abstract:

The opening of the Drake Passage has been influenced by the tectonic movements and evolutionary processes of the southern part of South America and the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula, leading to the eventual formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and today’s ocean circulation pattern, which is one of the key factors for understanding global changes during the Cenozoic era. Previous studies have investigated the opening of the Drake Passage and the formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current through methods related to paleocontinental reconstruction and paleoceanography. This paper summarizes previous research findings and integrates data on the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the northern Antarctic Peninsula and southern South America, as well as δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C values of global deep-sea benthic foraminifera, global dissolved oxygen content, atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, and changes in global ocean productivity. It proposes three critical stages of the opening of the Drake Passage and the strengthening of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current occurring around 40—35 Ma, 30—25 Ma, and 20—18 Ma. These events happened during key tectonic evolutionary phases of the northern Antarctic Peninsula and southern South America, with the latter two stages occurring after the formation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, corresponding to periods of low δ¹³C values in global deep-sea benthic foraminifera, low atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, low dissolved oxygen levels in the deep sea, high paleoproductivity in the Southern Ocean, and low paleoproductivity in equatorial sea regions. Accordingly, we propose that the tectonic events related to the northern Antarctic Peninsula and southern South America caused the strengthening of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which dominated the paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes during these periods. This understanding helps clarify the significant stages of the evolution of the Drake Passage and its impact on global changes.

Key words: Northern Antarctic Peninsula, Southern South America, Drake Passage, plate tectonics, paleoceanography, paleoclimate

中图分类号:

P728

张梦薇, 高亮, 赵越, 裴军令, 杨振宇, 郭晓倩, 胡新炜. 德雷克海峡打开与构造—古海洋—古气候演变[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(6): 415-435.

ZHANG Mengwei, GAO Liang, ZHAO Yue, PEI Junling, YANG Zhenyu, GUO Xiaoqian, HU Xinwei. The interaction between the opening of the Drake Passage and global paleoceanographic-paleoclimatic change[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(6): 415-435.

图/表 7

图1 德雷克海峡、塔斯马尼亚海峡与南极绕极流位置(a)和德雷克海峡、南极半岛北部与南美南部地形图(b)(b据文献[12]修改)

Fig.1 (a) The locations of the Tasmanian Gateway, the Drake Passage, and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. (b) a topographic map of the Drake Passage, the northern Antarctic Peninsula, and southern South America. b modified after [12].

图2 南极半岛、南设得兰群岛地质简图与野外露头(b据文献[13,19,28⇓-30]修改) a—南极半岛;b—南设得兰群岛地质简图;c—利文斯顿岛拜尔斯半岛塞罗尔内哥罗组野外露头;d—南设得兰群岛罗伯特岛铜矿半岛铜矿组火山岩;e—南设得兰群岛乔治王岛梅尔维尔角中新世沉积地层被后期中新世玄武岩岩脉切穿。

Fig.2 Simplified geological map of (a) the Antarctic Peninsula and (b) the South Shetland Islands. (c) the outcrop of Cerro Negro Formation from the Byers Peninsula on Livingston Island. (d) the outcrop of Coppermine Formation from the coppermine peninsula on Robert Island.(e) The Miocene basaltic dyke intruded into the Miocene sediments of Cape Melville. b modified after [13,19,28⇓-30].

图3 南极半岛北部—南设得兰群岛古地磁数据(a)、凤凰板块—南极半岛汇聚速率与汇聚角度(b)和南极半岛北部—南设得兰群岛岩浆岩与地壳快速抬升年代图(c) (a中东南极视极移曲线(APWP)参考文献[61];b据文献[55]修改;c据文献[30,56⇓⇓⇓-60]修改)

Fig.3 (a) Paleomagnetic data from the northern Antarctic Peninsula—South Shetland Islands. (b) the rate and angle of convergence between the Phoenix Plate and the Antarctic Peninsula. (c) the age of the magmatism and lithospheric uplift on the northern Antarctic Peninsula—South Shetland Islands. b modified from [55]; c modified after [30,56⇓⇓⇓-60];the Apparent Polar Wander Paths (APWP) of the East Antarctica refer to [61].

图4 南美南部白垩纪构造旋转过程(a,b)和南美南端地质简图(c)(a,b据文献[24]修改;c据文献[71]修改)

Fig.4 (a, b) Plate rotation process of the southernmost part of the South America during the Cretaceous. (c) Simplified geological map of the southernmost part of the South America. a, b modified after [24]; c modified after [71].

图5 南美南端不同俯冲板片与南美南端汇聚速率与角度变化、麦哲伦—奥斯特拉尔盆地关键构造事件、沉积相变化(a)和南美南部岩浆岩年龄与La/Ta变化(b) (a据文献[55,84⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-90]修改;b据文献[93]修改) ANT-MAG/SCO—南极板块—麦哲伦地块/斯科舍板块;FAR-MAG—法拉隆板块—麦哲伦地块;PHO-MAG—凤凰板块—麦哲伦地块;PHO-SAM—凤凰板块—南美板块。

Fig.5 (a) Variations in the rate and angle of plate convergence between South America and other plates (modified after [55,84⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-90]),the critical geological events occurred in the Magallanes-Austral basin (modified after [84⇓⇓-87]), the variation of sedimentary facies (modified after [85,88⇓-90]). (b) The La/Ta values and the ages of the magmatism in southern part of South America (modified after [93]). ANT—MAG/SCO: Antarctic Plate—Magallanes Plate/Scotia Plate; FAR—MAG: Farallon Plate—Magallanes Plate; PHO—MAG: Phoenix Plate—Magallanes Plate; PHO—SAM: Phoenix Plate—South American Plate.

图6 新生代环境指标变化 (a据文献[6]修改;b据文献[173]修改;c据文献[173]修改;d据文献[101,103,115⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-127]修改;e据文献[178]修改;f据文献[156]修改;g据文献[147-148]修改) a—新生代大气CO2变化;b—全球大洋底栖有孔虫δ18O;c—全球大洋底栖有孔虫δ13C;d—德雷克海峡内不同盆地打开时间以及古海洋相关方法限定ACC开始与加强时间;e—深海溶解氧含量指数变化;f—全球不同大洋底栖有孔虫δ18O变化;g—ODP 689站位εNd变化。

Fig.6 (a) Cenozoic atmospheric CO2. (b) Cenozoic global benthic foraminifer benthic δ18O. (c) Cenozoic global benthic foraminifer benthic δ13C. (d) The opening of different basins in the Drake Passage constrained by plate tectonics and paleooceangaphic data.(e) Benthic foraminiferal dissolved oxygen index records. (f) Difference in the oxygen isotopic composition of individual ocean basins and the Pacific Basin. (g) εNd(t) from fossil fish teeth vs. age for ODP Site 689. a modified after [6]; b modified after [173];c modified after [173]; d modified after [101,103,115⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-127]; e modified after [178]; f modified after [156]; g modified after [147-148].

图7 南大洋与赤道地区始新世—中新世古生产力变化 (a据文献[143,146,174]修改;b据文献[175]修改;c据文献[176]修改;d据文献[177]修改)

Fig.7 Paleoproductivity variations between the southern ocean and the equatorial ocean during the Eocene-Miocene. a modified after [143,146,174]; b modified after [175]; c modified after [176]; d modified after [177].

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德雷克海峡打开与构造—古海洋—古气候演变

The interaction between the opening of the Drake Passage and global paleoceanographic-paleoclimatic change

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