地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 335-351.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.42

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浅析影响方解石生长和溶解的动力学因素及机制

杜佰松1,2,3(), 朱光有2,*(), 刘舒飞1, 王业晗4, 于炳松3, 徐渴鑫3,5   

  1. 1.中国黄金集团有限公司, 北京 100011
    2.中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
    3.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
    4.中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司, 北京 102206
    5.南京大学 内生金属矿床成矿作用研究国家重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210046
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-29 修回日期:2022-07-21 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-07-07
  • 通讯作者: *朱光有(1973—),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,博士生导师,主要从事油气地质与成藏地球化学等方面的研究工作。E⁃mail: zhuguangyou@petrochina.com.cn
  • 作者简介:杜佰松(1992-),男,博士后,主要从事成因矿物学与找矿矿物学方面的研究工作。E-mail: BaisongDu@email.cugb.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重大科技专项“塔里木深层-超深层寒武系层序地层与源盖分布(2017ZX0505002-003)

Key factors and mechanisms affecting calcite growth and dissolution-a critical review

DU Baisong1,2,3(), ZHU Guangyou2,*(), LIU Shufei1, WANG Yehan4, YU Bingsong3, XU Kexin3,5   

  1. 1. China National Gold Group Corporation Limited, Beijing 100011, China
    2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
    3. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    4. CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
    5. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
  • Received:2021-07-29 Revised:2022-07-21 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-07-07

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摘要：

碳酸盐岩约占显生宙沉积岩的20%,全球至少有60%已探明的石油储量赋存于碳酸盐岩储层中。方解石是普遍的碳酸盐矿物,其溶蚀对于地壳浅部次生孔隙的形成具有重要的意义。综述结果表明:方解石的生长主要受控于温度、压力、过饱和度、离子的种类及半径等因素;压力的降低、离子强度和过饱和度的增大有利于方解石的生长。方解石的溶蚀主要受温度、压力、p(CO2)分压、离子的种类和强度、盐度、pH值、介质流体组分、方解石表面Zeta电位及溶液相对于方解石的饱和程度等因素的影响;介质流体中的离子种类对方解石溶解所起的促进或抑制作用主要受控于方解石表面的Zeta电位。此外,本文还发现在方解石生长和溶蚀过程中,不同溶剂类型、离子的种类及浓度形成具有显著不同的微形貌,这使得通过对矿物微形貌的观察可以用来反演古介质流体的组分。本文以独特的视角对当前有关实验取得的不一致结果进行了深入剖析并提出了新的观点,着重对影响碳酸盐岩溶蚀的因素进行调研,寻找有利于碳酸盐岩溶蚀的最优解,进而为圈定优质储层提供可靠的理论依据。本文的另一个意义是便于后续相关研究能够悉知该领域的前沿热点及最新进展。

关键词: 碳酸盐岩, 方解石, Zeta电位, 生长, 溶蚀, 优质储层

Abstract:

Carbonate rocks account for ~20% of Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks while carbonate reservoirs hold at least 60% of the world’s proven hydrocarbon reserves. Calcite, as a common carbonate mineral, plays an important role in the formation of secondary pores in the shallow part of the Earth’s crust. This paper summarizes previous studies on the key factors and mechanisms affecting calcite growth and dissolution. For calcite growth, the key influencing factors include temperature, pressure, degree of supersaturation, as well as the types and ionic radius of ions in the surrounding solution, where the decrease of pressure and the increases of ionic strength and calcite surface supersaturation are beneficial for calcite growth. For calcite dissolution, the key influencing factors are temperature, pressure, p(CO2), ionic strength, pH/chemical composition of the surrounding solution, Zeta potential, and degree of calcite saturation, where Zeta potential of calcite is the main factor determining whether ions in the surrounding solution promote or inhibit dissolution. The surface micromorphology of calcite varies depending on the composition of the surrounding solution during calcite growth/dissolution, which makes it possible to reconstruct the palaeo-fluid by observing the surface morphology of calcite. This paper also analyzes in great detail the inconsistency in previous experimental results and interprets the inconsistency from a novel viewpoint. By focusing on the influencing factors of calcite dissolution, this paper seeks to find the optimal conditions for carbonate dissolution so as to provide a reliable theoretical basis for delineating high-quality carbonate reservoirs. This paper can be helpful for researchers to quickly learn about research hot-spots and latest progresses in this field.

Key words: carbonate rocks, calcite, Zeta potential, growth, dissolution, high-quality reservoirs

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