地学前缘 ›› 2015, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 48-58.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.2015.03.004

• 中国近海盆地类型与形成动力学环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

南海南沙海域主要盆地含油气系统特征

杨明慧, 张厚和, 廖宗宝, 罗晓华, 杨光, 龚婷   

  1. 中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249; 中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249; 中海油研究总院, 北京 100027
  • 收稿日期:2014-04-08 修回日期:2014-08-07 出版日期:2015-05-15 发布日期:2015-05-15
  • 作者简介:杨明慧(1962—)，男，博士，教授，现从事盆地构造分析等方面的教学和研究工作。E-mail:yangmh@cup.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家油气重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”(2011ZX0502500503)；西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室项目(BJ081334)

Petroleum systems of the major sedimentary basins in Nansha sea waters (South China Sea).

 YANG  Meng-Hui, ZHANG  Hou-He, LIAO  Zong-Bao, LUO  Xiao-Hua, YANG  Guang, GONG  Ting   

  • Received:2014-04-08 Revised:2014-08-07 Online:2015-05-15 Published:2015-05-15

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摘要：

南沙海域主要盆地含油气系统及其成藏要素受构造演化阶段控制和影响，表现为不同类型盆地的充填却具有类似的特点，即同期地层沉积特征相似且起分隔作用的不整合年龄相当。主要盆地经历了古近纪—早中新世裂谷期和中中新世以来的后裂谷期构造发展阶段，发育4种各具特色的含油气系统：(1)万安盆地西部发育裂谷早期湖相含油气系统；(2)万安盆地东部、曾母盆地巴林坚地区、礼乐盆地和西北巴拉望盆地发育裂谷晚期海侵三角洲含油气系统；(3)曾母盆地中、西卢卡尼亚和东纳土纳发育后裂谷早期海相含油气系统；(4)文莱沙巴盆地发育后裂谷晚期海退三角洲含油气系统。烃源岩以中新统泥岩为主；煤系仅对气有贡献；其中海陆过渡相烃源岩占主导地位；海相烃源岩对油的贡献约占一半；陆相烃源岩贡献微弱。储层以上中新统砂岩、中—上中新统灰岩为主；前者聚油，后者聚气。聚油圈闭以构造为主，其次是地层构造圈闭；聚气圈闭则依次为地层、地层构造和构造；基岩圈闭常为前裂谷期的裂缝性火成岩或变质岩。

关键词: 含油气系统, 沉积盆地, 新生代, 南沙, 南海

Abstract:

The petroleum systems and their reservoirforming factors of the major sedimentary basins in the Nansha sea waters (South China Sea) were controlled by tectonic evolution and characterized by the basins of different types having similar basinfilling features, which means that the sedimentary features of contemporary strata are alike, and that the main unconformities formed almost at the same time. The major basins had undergone the synrift stage from the Paleogene to the Early Miocene and postrift stage since the Middle Miocene, so four various petroleum systems developed in the Nansha sea waters: (1) the lacustrine petroleum system of the earlyrift period has been developed in the western Nam Con Son Basin; (2) the transgressive delta petroleum systems of the laterift period have been developed in the eastern Nam Con Son Basin, the Balingian area in the Zengmu Basin, the Reed Bank Basin and the Northwest Palawan Basin; (3) the marine petroleum systems of the early postrift period have been developed in the Central, West Luconia and the East Natuna area of the Zengmu Basin; and (4) the regressive delta petroleum system of the late postrift period has been developed in the BruneiSabah Basin. The source rocks within these sedimentary basins are mainly the Miocene mudstone, and the coal strata only contribute to gasfield; the sedimentary facies of the source rock are dominated by the transitional facies, and nearly half of the oilgenerating are from the marine source rock, whereas the terrestrial source rock has little contribution to the hydrocarbon. The reservoir rocks are dominated by the Upper Miocene sandstone and the MiddleUpper Miocene limestone, and the former gathered oil, while the latter accumulated gas. The trap types of the oil reservoirs are dominated by the structural trap, and the stratigraphicstructural trap also has a considerable amount. The trap types of the gas reservoirs consist of the stratigraphic trap, stratigraphicstructural trap and the structural trap. The fractured igneous rock and/or metamorphic rock developed in the prerift period usually formed bedrock reservoirs.

Key words: petroleum system, sedimentary basin, Cenozoic, Nansha sea waters, South China Sea

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