Abstract:

Sedimentary basin is a basic geological unit of oil generation and accumulation and its formation and development is mainly controlled by plate tectonic evolution, shown as follows: (1) different stages of plate evolution from divergence to convergence and plate at different positions resulted in different prototype basins and formed specific structuredepositional systems, which determined its basic oil and gas bearing conditions, such as source rocks, reservoirs, seals, etc.; (2) the lateral superimposed prototype basins not only have its own characteristics of petroleum geology, but also can change the former prototype basins’ oil and gas accumulation condition and distribution rules. In this paper, taking plate tectonic evolution history as a time clue, the author divided basins of modern world that were in a Wilson cycle into 12 types with a dynamic method, and through the systematic anatomy of early prototype of today’s basins and its lateral superimposing and transforming process. Based on it, the basic properties and oil and gas bearing conditions of various types of basins are summarized, which may lay a foundation for scientific forecast of hydrocarbon potential of various types of basins.

Key words:  plate tectonic, Wilson cycle, main prototype basin, subordinate prototype basin, multicycle basin