地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 61-88.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.7.7

• 大地构造新见 • 上一篇    下一篇

洋板地质学研究展望:聚焦中国及邻区大洋俯冲消减带地质重建

潘桂棠1(), 任飞1, 张克信2, 肖庆辉3, 陆松年4, 任光明1, 庞维华1, 崔晓庄1, 彭智敏1, 张向飞1   

  1. 1.中国地质调查局 成都地质调查中心, 四川 成都 610081
    2.中国地质大学(武汉) 地球科学学院, 湖北 武汉 430074
    3.自然资源部信息中心, 北京 100830
    4.中国地质调查局 天津地质调查中心, 天津 300170
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-05 修回日期:2025-03-27 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-11-12
  • 作者简介:潘桂棠(1941—),男,研究员,国家科技进步特等奖获得者,原成都地质矿产研究所(现中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心)所长,长期从事青藏高原及特提斯地质研究。E-mail: 13808091563@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局地质调查项目“西南地区数据更新及地质编图”(DD20230227);“上扬子西缘成矿带区域地质调查”(DD20240033);国家自然科学基金项目(92055314)

The prospect of ocean plate geology: Focusing on the geological reconstruction of the oceanic subduction zone in China and neighboring areas

PAN Guitang1(), REN Fei1, ZHANG Kexin2, XIAO Qinghui3, LU Songnian4, REN Guangming1, PANG Weihua1, CUI Xiaozhuang1, PENG Zhimin1, ZHANG Xiangfei1   

  1. 1. Chengdu Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China
    2. School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
    3. Information Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100830, China
    4. Tianjin Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin 300170, China
  • Received:2025-01-05 Revised:2025-03-27 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-11-12

摘要:

自板块构造理论提出后,经过近60年的地质实践,针对“板块构造登陆”难题的问题根源及“洋板块地层(Oceanic Plate Stratigraphy,OPS)研究”的局限性,李廷栋院士团队提出“洋板块地质学”(Oceanic Plate Geology,OPG)的概念。这是运用板块构造学的原理和方法,研究大陆中已消亡的大洋和弧后洋盆中的洋岩石圈板块地质遗迹的学科,主要是研究洋壳俯冲消减增生杂岩带的岩石构造组合和时空结构,重建洋壳从扩张到俯冲消亡及洋陆转换演化历史及其与相邻地壳构造单元的演化关系和动力学过程,为创新构建超大陆汇聚-裂解不可逆演化论、洋-陆构造体制转换论提供了切入点,具有重大科学意义。本文基于全国矿产资源潜力评价——成矿地质背景综合集成项目及其中国大地构造系列编图和综合研究成果,以及近年来特提斯构造域及邻区地质-大地构造系列编图和集成研究工作,聚焦已识别出的中国及邻区存在五条大洋俯冲消减对接带的地质重建:①斋桑—额尔齐斯—南蒙古比基—索伦山—西拉木伦—长春—开山屯对接带;②乌拉尔—突厥斯坦—南天山—牛圈子—洗肠井—恩格尔乌苏—索伦山对接带;③班公湖—双湖—怒江—昌宁—孟连—清迈—劳勿—文东对接带;④宽坪—佛子岭对接带;⑤凭祥—鹰扬关—萍乡—江绍对接带。在大陆中识别已消亡的大洋(对接带)的地质遗迹,应是区域、全国乃至全球大地构造之研究的前沿和热点。

关键词: 洋板块地质学, 古亚洲洋构造域, 特提斯构造域, 洋壳俯冲增生杂岩带, 超大陆汇聚-裂解, 洋-陆转换

Abstract:

Since the theory of plate tectonics was put forward, nearly 60 years of geological practice, aiming at the root of the problem of “plate tectonics landing” and the limitations of “OPS”, Academician Li Tingdong’s team proposed the concept of oceanic plate geology (OPG). Using the principles and methods of plate tectonics, it studies the plate geological remains of the oceanic lithosphere in the extinct ocean and the back-arc ocean basin in the continent. It is mainly to study the petrotectonic assemblages and temporal-spatial structure of the subduction-accretionary complex belt of the oceanic crust, and reconstruct the evolution history of the oceanic crust from spreading to subduction, and the evolution relationship and dynamic process of the adjacent crustal tectonic units. It provides a breakthrough point for the innovative construction of the irreversible evolution theory of both supercontinent convergence-breakup and ocean-continental tectonic regime transformation, which has great scientific significance. Based on the National mineral resources potential evaluation—Metallogenic Geological BackgroundProject and its geotectonic series mapping and integrated research in China, as well as the recent geo-geotectonic mapping and integrated research in the Tethys tectonic domain and adjacent areas, this paper focuses on the geological reconstruction of five identified oceanic subduction-convergent consumption zones in China and adjacent areas: ①Jaisang-lrtys-Nanmongbiji-Solunshan-Xilamulun-Changchun-Kaishantun convergent belt; ②Ural-Turkestan-South Tianshan-Niujuanzi-Xichangjin-Engelwusu convergent belt; ③Bangong Lake- Shuanghu-Nu River-Changning-Menglian-Chiang Mai-Raumo-Wendong convergent belt; ④Kuanping-Foziling convergent belt; ⑤Pingxiang-Yingyangguan-Pingxiang-Jiangshao convergent belt. Identifying the geological remains of the extinct ocean (convergent belt) in the continent should be the frontier and hot spot of regional, national and even global tectonic research.

Key words: oceanic plate geology, Paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic domain, Tethys tectonic domain, subduction-accretionary complex belt of oceanic crust, supercontinent convergence-breakup, ocean-continental transition

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