地学前缘 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 179-192.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.10.22

• 污染水文地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

哈密盆地绿洲区地下水污染预警研究

姜凤1,2,3(), 周金龙1,2,3,*(), 周殷竹4, 刘江涛4, 曾妍妍1,2,3, 刘钰1,2,3, 丁启振1,2,3   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.新疆水文水资源工程技术研究中心, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
    3.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
    4.中国地质调查局 水文地质环境地质调查中心, 天津 300304
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-30 修回日期:2025-08-31 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2025-11-10
  • 通信作者: *周金龙(1964—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事干旱区地下水资源评价与保护、水土环境地球化学等研究工作。E-mail:zjzhoujl@163.com
  • 作者简介:姜 凤(1995—),女,博士研究生,主要研究方向为地下水资源评价与保护。E-mail:1003445227@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划专项“大气与土壤、地下水污染综合治理”(2023YFC3706903);国家重点研发计划专项“大气与土壤、地下水污染综合治理”(2023YFC3706901);国家科技基础资源调查专项第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk1000);国家科技基础资源调查专项第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0902);新疆维吾尔自治区寒旱区水资源与生态水利工程研究中心(院士专家工作站)项目(2023.C-004);新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室2025年研究项目(ZDSYS-YJS-2025-28)

Early warning of groundwater pollution in oasis area of Hami Basin

JIANG Feng1,2,3(), ZHOU Jinlong1,2,3,*(), ZHOU Yinzhu4, LIU Jiangtao4, ZENG Yanyan1,2,3, LIU Yu1,2,3, DING Qizhen1,2,3   

  1. 1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
    2. Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China
    3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China
    4. Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, China Geological Survey, Tianjin 300304, China
  • Received:2025-05-30 Revised:2025-08-31 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2025-11-10

摘要: 地下水污染预警对于识别重点防控区域、保障地下水资源安全具有重要意义。以新疆哈密盆地绿洲区为研究对象,构建涵盖地下水固有脆弱性、污染荷载与功能价值的污染风险综合评价体系,并采用敏感度分析验证模型合理性。在此基础上,采用熵权TOPSIS方法评估地下水水质现状,结合典型监测井数据分析水质变化趋势。进一步引入博弈论综合权重法,耦合水质现状、变化趋势与污染风险三类指标,划分预警等级。结果表明:(1)研究区地下水污染风险整体较低,较高与高风险区域占比为9.7%,高风险区包气带岩性以砂砾石为主、透水性强,人类活动密集、地下水开采强度大且受到面源与点源污染的共同作用;(2)水质现状结果显示,Ⅳ类与Ⅴ类水占比为10.1%,地下水质量主要受到水文地质条件与人类活动双重因素影响。水质变化整体呈改善趋势,水质恶化区域仅占5.4%,工农业污染及生活污水排放是其主要驱动因素;(3)预警等级以无警和轻警等级为主,高警及重警区域占比为5.3%,可归纳为自然因素主导型、人类活动主导型和复合影响型。研究所构建的基于博弈论综合权重的地下水污染预警方法有效提升了预警等级划分的客观性与空间连续性,可为区域地下水污染分区防控与重点治理区识别提供理论依据与方法支撑。

关键词: 地下水污染预警, 污染风险, 脆弱性, 博弈论, 新疆哈密盆地

Abstract:

Early warning of groundwater pollution is of critical importance for identifying key prevention and control areas and ensuring the safety of groundwater resources. Using the oasis area of the Hami Basin in Xinjiang as a case study, a comprehensive evaluation system for pollution risk was constructed, covering the inherent vulnerability, pollution load, and functional value of groundwater. The reasonableness of the model was verified through sensitivity analysis. Subsequently, the entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the current groundwater quality status, and the trend in water quality change was analyzed using data from typical monitoring wells. A game theory-based comprehensive weighting method was then introduced to integrate the three indicators—water quality status, change trend, and pollution risk—for early warning level classification. The results show that: 1) The risk of groundwater pollution in the study area is generally low, with higher-risk and high-risk areas accounting for only 9.7%. The high-risk areas are characterized by a vadose zone with lithology dominated by sand and gravel, which has strong permeability, coupled with intensive human activities, high-intensity groundwater exploitation, and a combination of non-point and point source pollution. 2) The assessment of water quality status shows that Class IV and Class V water account for 10.1%, indicating that groundwater quality is mainly affected by a combination of hydrogeological conditions and human activities. The overall trend of groundwater quality is improving, with areas of deterioration accounting for only 5.4%. Industrial and agricultural pollution along with domestic sewage discharge were the main driving factors for deterioration. 3) The early warning levels are dominated by “no warning” and “light warning”, with high and heavy warning areas comprising 5.3%. These high-level warning areas were categorized into natural factor-dominated, human activity-dominated, and compound influence-dominated types. The groundwater pollution early warning method developed in this study, which is based on the game theory-based comprehensive weighting, effectively improved the objectivity and spatial continuity of the early warning classification, and can provide a theoretical basis and methodological support for regional groundwater pollution prevention and control zoning, as well as the identification of key remediation areas.

Key words: groundwater pollution warning, pollution risk, vulnerability, game theory, Hami Basin, Xinjiang

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