华北古潜山优势传热机制研究:以雄安新区为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.7.10

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 52-66.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.7.10

华北古潜山优势传热机制研究:以雄安新区为例

王贵玲¹^,²(), 马峰¹^,²^,^*(), 张薇¹^,², 朱喜¹^,², 余鸣潇¹^,², 张汉雄¹^,², 罗成¹

1.中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 河北石家庄 050061
2.自然资源部地热与干热岩勘查开发技术创新中心, 河北石家庄 050061

收稿日期:2024-02-01 修回日期:2024-09-11 出版日期:2024-11-25 发布日期:2024-11-25
通信作者: *马峰(1983—),男,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事地热资源勘查评价及裂隙渗流传热方面的研究工作。E-mail: mafeng@mail.cgs.gov.cn
作者简介:王贵玲(1964—),男,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事水文地质、地热地质及环境地质相关研究工作。E-mail: guilingw@163.com
基金资助:
中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(YK202305);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB1507401);国家自然科学基金项目(41602271);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20189112)

Dominant heat transfer mechanism in buried-hill reservoirs in North China: A case study in Xiong’an new area

WANG Guiling¹^,²(), MA Feng¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Wei¹^,², ZHU Xi¹^,², YU Mingxiao¹^,², ZHANG Hanxiong¹^,², LUO Cheng¹

1. The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
2. Technological Innovation Center of Geothermal & Hot Dry Rock Exploration and Development, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shijiazhuang 050061, China

Received:2024-02-01 Revised:2024-09-11 Online:2024-11-25 Published:2024-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

华北中元古界古潜山是我国北方主要规模化开发的地热储层,具有储热量大、埋藏浅和易回灌等特点。古潜山热储受物性特征、空间展布和地质构造等因素制约,控热机制多元,传热过程复杂,针对其热成因机制的研究一直受到重视。本文以雄安新区古潜山热储为研究对象,基于近年来雄安新区地热勘探井资料分析,提出了华北古潜山热储优势流传热理论,古潜山热储的热源主要来自深部幔源传热,而壳源热流低于30 mW/m²,华北克拉通破坏后,随着岩石圈拉张减薄,地幔热对流增强,形成了由深到浅的优势传热通道,地表热流通量升高。古潜山高热导率储层形成了热在垂向和水平向上向储层聚集的传导优势热流,流体在高孔渗碳酸盐岩储层中循环形成了对流优势热流,断裂加剧了传导和对流沿构造方向的聚热效应。在热量聚集作用下,古潜山不同构造部位钻孔测温曲线表现出5种类型,分别为传导型、传导—对流—传导型、传导—对流—弱对流型、传导—强对流型和传导—弱对流型等。断裂带为地下热水的循环和热的富集提供了空间优势流动通道,通过靠近容城断裂的典型钻孔温度测井结果,建立解析方程计算容城断裂地下水热对流占比为29.2%。本研究通过综合分析古潜山优势流传热的影响因素,为华北地热成因模式研究提供了新的思路。

关键词: 古潜山热储, 优势传热机制, 钻孔测温, 地温场, 雄安新区

Abstract:

Buried-hill reservoirs are the primary geothermal reservoirs widely developed in northern China. They are characterized by significant heat storage capacity, shallow depth, and easy re-injection. The reservoirs, constrained by their physical properties, spatial distribution, and geological structures, have diverse heat control mechanisms and complex heat transfer processes, and recent research is focused on the heat transfer and accumulation mechanisms. In this paper, based on the analysis of geothermal exploration wells constructed in Xiong’an, we propose a theory of dominant heat transfer in the buried-hill geothermal field of North China. According to this theory, the heat source of the buried-hill reservoirs originates mainly from the deep mantle, while the crustal heat flow is less than 30 mW/m. The enhanced mantle convection from the destruction of the North China Craton (NCC) leads to dominant heat flow from the deep mantle to shallower depths, and with the tensile thinning of the lithosphere in the NCC the surface heat flow increases significantly. The high thermal conductivity buried-hill reservoirs creates conductive dominant heat flow, vertically and horizontally, towards the carbonate reservoirs, while fluid circulation in the highly porous carbonate reservoirs creates convective dominant heat flow. Faulting exacerbates the conduction and convection heat gathering effect along the fault direction. The temperature profiles of boreholes at various sites in the buried hill exhibit five types: conduction, conduction-convection-conduction, conduction-convection-weak convection, conduction-strong convection, and conduction-weak convection. The percentage of thermal convection in groundwater in the Rongcheng Fault was calculated to be 29.2%. Through comprehensive analysis of the influencing factors of the dominant heat flow and heat accumulation in the buried-hill geothermal field, this research provides new insights into the heat transfer mechanism in North China.

Key words: buried-hill geothermal reservoirs, dominant heat transfer mechanism, temperature logging, geothermal field, Xiong’an new area

中图分类号:

P314

王贵玲, 马峰, 张薇, 朱喜, 余鸣潇, 张汉雄, 罗成. 华北古潜山优势传热机制研究:以雄安新区为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(6): 52-66.

WANG Guiling, MA Feng, ZHANG Wei, ZHU Xi, YU Mingxiao, ZHANG Hanxiong, LUO Cheng. Dominant heat transfer mechanism in buried-hill reservoirs in North China: A case study in Xiong’an new area[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(6): 52-66.

图/表 14

图1 华北平原壳源热流(左)和幔源热流(右)分布图

Fig.1 Distribution of crust-source and mantle-source heat flows in the North China Plain

图2 华北典型地热钻孔垂向生热率

Fig.2 Vertical heat generation rate of typical geothermal boreholes in North China

图3 雄安新区地热勘探孔分布图

Fig.3 Distribution of geothermal boreholes in Xiong’an

图4 雄安新区不同时代热导率柱状图

Fig.4 Histogram of thermal conductivity of different epochs in Xiong’an

图5 雄安新区1 000 (a)和2 000 m (b)温度等值线图

Fig.5 Temperature contour maps at 1000 m (a) and 2000 m (b) in Xiong’an

图6 华北克拉通破坏热机制(据文献[12])

Fig.6 Thermal mechanism of the destruction of the NCC. Adapted from [12].

图7 雄安新区典型地热井测温曲线

Fig.7 Temperature measurement curve of typical geothermal wells in Xiong’an

图8 古潜山热量传递示意图

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of heat transfer in a buried-hill reservoir

表1 雄安新区地热钻孔盖层热流计算表

Table 1 Calculation of heat flow in the cover layer of geothermal boreholes in Xiong’an

序号	井号	井深/m	盖层厚度/m	井口温度/℃	顶部温度/℃	地温梯度/ (℃·0.01m^-1)	热导率/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	大地热流/ (mW·m^-2)
1	D01	3 395.2	1 186.5	64	74	4.21	1.86	78.31
2	D11	2 520	800	71	70.2	6.62	1.65	109.23
3	D13	2 506	998	58	61.2	4.51	1.72	77.57
4	D14	2 518	755	59	47.2	3.68	1.98	72.86
5	D15	3 111	2 623	67	78	2.41	2.83	68.20
6	D16	3 003.2	980	69	71	3.21	2.00	64.33
7	D17	4 005.6	2 592.8	78	77.4	2.85	2.17	61.93
8	D18	3 500	2 130	93.1	91	3.44	2.13	73.27
9	D20	1 812	1 098	71	73	5.57	1.71	95.25
10	D34	4 517	3 458.78	123.4	130	2.43	2.66	64.63
11	D35	3 853	3 660	109.2	120.1	2.60	2.35	61.15

图9 热储温度及盖层地温梯度随热储顶面埋深变化

Fig.9 Variations of geothermal reservoir temperature (left) and capping ground temperature gradient (right) with geothermal reservoir cap thickness

图10 大地热流与热储顶面埋深的关系

Fig.10 Relationship between terrestrial heat flow and burial depth of geothermal reservoir cap

图11 渤海湾盆地大地构造剖面示意图(据文献[36])

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the tectonic section of the Bohai Bay Basin. Adapted from [36].

图12 lnq和z’线性回归关系

Fig.12 Linear regression relationship between lnq and z’

表2 断裂带对流热计算表

Table 2 Calculation of convective heat flow in the Rongcheng fault zone

名称	计算段/m	温度梯度/ (10^-2℃·m^-1)	热导率/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	地下水流速/ (10^-10m·s^-1)	计算热流/ (mW·m^-2)	对流热量/ (mW·m^-2)	对流贡献
容城断裂(D17、D18)	1 650~2 033	2.05	2.39	5.24	49.1	16.9	29.2%

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华北古潜山优势传热机制研究:以雄安新区为例

Dominant heat transfer mechanism in buried-hill reservoirs in North China: A case study in Xiong’an new area

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