山东省地热资源赋存规律及其富集机制

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.10.25

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 67-94.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.10.25

山东省地热资源赋存规律及其富集机制

康凤新¹^,²(), 郑婷婷³, 史猛⁴, 隋海波⁵, 徐蒙⁶, 江海洋⁶, 钟振楠⁷, 秦鹏⁸, 张保建⁹^,^*(), 赵季初²^,¹⁰^,^*(), 马哲民³, 崔洋⁵, 李嘉龙¹^,², 段晓飞²^,¹⁰, 白通²^,¹⁰, 张平平²^,¹¹, 姚松⁵, 刘肖³, 史启鹏³, 王学鹏²^,¹⁰, 杨海涛¹^,², 陈京鹏²^,¹⁰, 刘琲琲⁶

1.山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院, 山东青岛 266592
2.山东省地热清洁能源重点实验室, 山东济宁 272000
3.山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院, 山东济宁 272100
4.山东省第三地质矿产勘查院, 山东烟台 264004
5.山东省地矿工程勘察院(山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队), 山东济南 250014
6.山东省第一地质矿产勘察院, 山东济南 250102
7.山东省第六地质矿产勘查院, 山东威海 264209
8.山东省国土空间生态修复中心, 山东济南 250014
9.中国地质科学院, 北京100037
10.山东省鲁北地质工程勘察院, 山东德州 253072
11.天津华北地质勘查总院, 天津 300170

收稿日期:2024-03-06 修回日期:2024-09-16 出版日期:2024-11-25 发布日期:2024-11-25
通信作者: *张保建(1972—),男,博士,正高级工程师,从事地热、水文及环境地质相关研究工作。E-mail: zbjsddk@126.com;赵季初(1975—),男,研究员,主要从事水文地质、地热地质研究工作。E-mail: 597943119@qq.com
作者简介:康凤新(1968—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事水文地质、地热地质研究工作。E-mail: kangfengxin@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42072331);国家自然科学基金项目(U1906209);泰山学者工程专项(tstp20230626)

Occurrence rules and enrichment mechanism of geothermal resources in Shandong Province

KANG Fengxin¹^,²(), ZHENG Tingting³, SHI Meng⁴, SUI Haibo⁵, XU Meng⁶, JIANG Haiyang⁶, ZHONG Zhennan⁷, QIN Peng⁸, ZHANG Baojian⁹^,^*(), ZHAO Jichu²^,¹⁰^,^*(), MA Zhemin³, CUI Yang⁵, LI Jialong¹^,², DUAN Xiaofei²^,¹⁰, BAI Tong²^,¹⁰, ZHANG Pingping²^,¹¹, YAO Song⁵, LIU Xiao³, SHI Qipeng³, WANG Xuepeng²^,¹⁰, YANG Haitao¹^,², CHEN Jingpeng²^,¹⁰, LIU Beibei⁶

1. College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266592, China
2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geothermal Clean Energy, Jining 272000, China
3. Shandong Lunan Geological Engineering Survey Institute, Jining 272100, China
4. Shandong Third Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration, Yantai 264004, China
5. Shandong Provincial Geo-mineral Engineering Exploration Institute (801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources), Jinan 250014, China
6. No.1 Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration of Shandong Province, Jinan 250102, China
7. No.6 Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration of Shandong Province, Weihai 264209, China
8. Shandong Provincial Territorial Spatial Ecological Restoration Center, Jinan 250014, China
9. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
10. Shandong Provincial Lubei Geo-engineering Exploration Institute, Dezhou 253072, China
11. Tianjin North China General Institute of Geological Exploration, Tianjin 300170, China

Received:2024-03-06 Revised:2024-09-16 Online:2024-11-25 Published:2024-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

山东省热储类型多、分布广,资源储量丰富,但地热资源赋存规律及其富集机制尚需系统研究。本文基于地热井测温、大地热流测量、地热资源勘查、钻获地热井及抽水试验和长期动态监测资料,圈定了控热、导水地质构造和地热异常分布区,将山东省地热资源划分为鲁东隆起、沂沭断裂带、鲁西隆起和鲁西北坳陷4个地热区,分别论述了各地热区地热系统的热储类型、开放程度、热源水源及其运移和可更新能力,以及水流热流富集构造赋存位置。集成水源开放状态、热源机制和水热富集热储赋存特征等主要地热能控制要素,将地热系统划分为3种聚热富水模式:(1)开放—对流—腔管状型地热系统聚热富水模式;(2)弱开放—对流传导—带状层状型地热系统聚热富水模式;(3)封闭—对流传导—带状层状型地热系统聚热富水模式。揭示了各聚热富水模式的热源及其聚集机制、水源及其富集机理、水热可更新能力和富集热储赋存规律,为找热定井提供了靶区定位依据。

关键词: 水源, 富集机理, 热源, 聚集机制, 开放状态, 聚热富水模式, 山东省

Abstract:

Shandong Province possesses abundant geothermal resources with widespread distribution of geothermal reserviors of different types. However, the occurrence rules and accumulation mechanism of geothermal resources are not well understood. In this paper, based on previous geothermal well temperature logging, geothermal exploration, well drilling, pumping test and long-term dynamic monitoring data, we explain the distribution characteristics of geothermal resources in Shandong, and delineate the geological structure that controls the geothermal flow and water conduction. The heat and water sources and accumulation mechanisms and the occurrence of thermal reservoirs were explored. Four geothermal resource areas were delineated: eastern Shandong, Yishu fault zone, western Shandong uplift and northwestern Shandong depression. Combining the characteristics of major ore-controlling factors such as geothermal water source, heat source and occurrence of thermal reservoir, the geothermal systems were divided into three models: open-convection-cavity tubular; weakly open-convection/conduction-banded stratified; and closed-convection/conduction-banded stratified. Insights on the heat/water sources and accumulation mechanisms under different types of geothermal systems and the occurrence law of hydrothermal accumulated reservoirs provide a basis for targeted geothermal exploration and well drilling.

Key words: water source, enrichment genesis, heat source, accumulation mechanism, open state, heat and water enrichment model, Shandong Province

中图分类号:

P314

康凤新, 郑婷婷, 史猛, 隋海波, 徐蒙, 江海洋, 钟振楠, 秦鹏, 张保建, 赵季初, 马哲民, 崔洋, 李嘉龙, 段晓飞, 白通, 张平平, 姚松, 刘肖, 史启鹏, 王学鹏, 杨海涛, 陈京鹏, 刘琲琲. 山东省地热资源赋存规律及其富集机制[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(6): 67-94.

KANG Fengxin, ZHENG Tingting, SHI Meng, SUI Haibo, XU Meng, JIANG Haiyang, ZHONG Zhennan, QIN Peng, ZHANG Baojian, ZHAO Jichu, MA Zhemin, CUI Yang, LI Jialong, DUAN Xiaofei, BAI Tong, ZHANG Pingping, YAO Song, LIU Xiao, SHI Qipeng, WANG Xuepeng, YANG Haitao, CHEN Jingpeng, LIU Beibei. Occurrence rules and enrichment mechanism of geothermal resources in Shandong Province[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(6): 67-94.

图/表 20

图1 华北克拉通破坏致东部地壳和岩石圈减薄/岩浆沿郯庐断裂和齐广断裂带上侵/地热水形成的动力学过程

Fig.1 Geodynamic control on geothermal activity in Shandong. The destruction of the North China Craton causes crustal and lithospheric thinning in the eastern crust, which lead to magmatic intrusion along the Tanlu fault and Qiguang fault zone and the occurrence of geothermal water.

图2 山东省地热资源分区及热储分布图

Fig.2 Geothermal resource areas and distribution of geothermal reservoirs in Shandong

图3 鲁东隆起地热区胶北隆起招远东汤温泉地热系统D1孔/Z5孔与胶南—威海隆起文登洪水岚汤地热系统D1孔/D2孔测温曲线与地温梯度曲线文登D2—钻孔编号;4.36 ℃/100 m—地温梯度;50~2 300 m—测温深度范围;125.00 ℃/3 926 m—温度/测温深度。

Fig.3 Temperature logging and geothermal gradient curves of boreholes D1/Z5 in Dongtang and D1/D2 in Hongshuilantang geothermal fields in Jiaobei uplift of east Shandong geothermal area

图4 鲁东隆起地热区胶北隆起招远东汤温泉开放式地热系统水源热源及其富集机制图(据文献[5]修改) a—地热水与深大断裂和热能上涌的区域构造背景;b—现代水、古流体及其混合和水岩相互作用概念模型,以及根据钻孔测温数据绘制的温度等值线图;D1—位于东汤温泉120°方向、350 m远地热钻孔,孔深2 004.66 m,121.5 ℃/951 m深,1 356 m深探获孔内最高温度126.8 ℃;Z5—位于东汤温泉80°方向、150 m远地热钻孔,100.5 ℃/340 m深;①—断裂交汇复合破碎带对流热流密集和地热水流富集带,温度高,富水性强;②—热流和水流扩散晕,温度和富水性逐渐降低。

Fig.4 Water/heat sources and enrichment mechanism of Dongtang hot spring open geothermal system in Jiaobei uplift of east Shandong geothermal area. Modified after [5].

图5 沂沭断裂带地热区沂南铜井地热系统水源热源及其富集机制图 1 —第四系;2—张夏组鲕状灰岩夹页岩;3—馒头组灰岩页岩;4—大理岩;5—白垩系下统八亩地组安山岩;6—燕山期闪长玢岩;7—对流热流;8—等温线及温度/℃;9—地热井编号—井口温度/井深。

Fig.5 Heat/water sources and accumulation mechanism in Tongjing geothermal field, Yinan, Yishu fault zone

图6 沂沭断裂带地热区沂南铜井地热系统铜3地热井测温曲线与地温梯度曲线

Fig.6 Temperature logging and geothermal gradient curve of well Tong3 in Yinan Tongjing geothermal field

图7 鲁西隆起地热区鲁中南隆起地热亚区泰安岱道庵—桥沟开放式深循环对流型地热系统水源热源及其富集机制图

Fig.7 Water/heat sources and accumulation mechanism in open-deep-circulation-convection type geothermal system of Daidaoan—Qiaogou, Tai’an

图8 岱道庵地热系统DR3地热井测温曲线与地温梯度曲线

Fig.8 Temperature logging and geothermal gradient curve of well DR3 in Daidaoan geothermal field

图9 肥城安驾庄地热系统ZK1地热井测温曲线及地温梯度曲线

Fig.9 Temperature logging and geothermal gradient curves of well ZK1 in Anjiazhuang geothermal field, Feicheng

图10 济南辉长岩体与齐广断裂控制的岩溶热储盖层地温梯度等值线图(a)和剖面图(b)(据文献[14]修改)

Fig.10 Geothermal gradient contour map (a) and profile (b) of cap rock in northern Jinan geothermal field. Modified after [14].

图11 菏泽潜凸起弱开放式岩溶热储地热系统水源热源及其富集机制图(据文献[16]修改)

Fig.11 Water/heat sources and accumulation mechanism in weakly open-type geothermal system, Heze buried bulge. Modified after [16].

图12 兰聊断裂和凫山断裂交汇复合部位曹县庄寨CZ1 地热井测温曲线与地温梯度曲线

Fig.12 Temperature logging and geothermal gradient curves of well CZ1 in Zhuangzhai, Cao County at the intersection of Lanliao and Fushan faults

图13 鲁西北坳陷地热区德城区地热系统ZK1井测温曲线与地温梯度曲线

Fig.13 Temperature logging and geothermal gradient curve of well ZK1 in geothermal field of Decheng District, northwestern Shandong

图14 济阳坳陷宁津潜凸起热源及其聚热机制图 1 —第四系松散沉积层;2—新近系明化镇组砂岩泥岩;3—新近系馆陶组砂岩泥岩;4—古近系砂岩泥岩;5—石炭—二叠系碎屑岩;6—寒武—奥陶系灰岩白云岩;7—太古宙花岗岩;8—侵入岩脉。①—大地热流传导聚热;②—凸起区硬质岩高热导率分流聚热;③—深大断裂带或侵入岩体/围岩接触带对流聚热。

Fig.14 Heat source and accumulation mechanism in the Ningjin buried bulge, Jiyang depression

图15 开放—对流—腔管状型花岗岩裂隙热储地热系统成因机制与聚热富水模式

Fig.15 Formation and heat/water accumulation mechanisms in open-convection-cavity tubular-type granite fissure geothermal system

图16 弱开放-对流传导-带状层状型碳酸盐岩岩溶热储地热系统成因机制与聚热富水模式(据文献[14]修改)

Fig.16 Genetic mechanisms and heat/water acumulation model of weakly operconvection conduction-banded stratified karst geothemal svstem. Modified after [14]

图17 菏泽潜凸起岩溶热储地热系统地热井涌水量与距断裂距离关系图

Fig.17 Relationship between geothermal well yields and distance from fault in the karst geothermal field, Heze buried bulge

图18 封闭—对流传导—带状层状型砂岩热储/碳酸盐岩岩溶热储地热系统成因机制与聚热富水模式 1 —第四系—新近系明化镇组; 2—新近系馆陶组; 3—古近系; 4—侏罗—白垩系; 5—石炭—二叠系; 6—寒武—奥陶系; 7—中元古界; 8—太古宙花岗岩; 9—钻孔与矿化度(g/L); 10—渗入成因水流向(箭头大小表示径流强弱); 11—沉积成因水流向(箭头大小表示径流强弱); 12—传导热流;13—对流热流;14—HCO3型水; 15—HCO3·SO4水; 16—HCO3·Cl型水; 17—Cl·SO4型水; 18—Cl型水; 19—向心流与离心流水动力平衡带(高矿化带);20—大气降水入渗补给地下水。①—大地热流传导聚热;②—凸起区硬质岩高热导率分流聚热;③—深大断裂或侵入岩体/围岩接触带对流聚热;④—成岩压密水对流聚热。

Fig.18 Formation and heat/water accumulation mechanims in closed-conduction-banded layered-type sandstone/karst geothermal system

图19 鲁北平原新近纪馆陶组砂砾岩厚度分区及古河道带分布图

Fig.19 Thickness distribution of Neogene Guantao sandstone conglomerate and palaeochannel zones, Lubei Plain

图20 济阳坳陷埕东潜凸起传导热和沿F1断裂对流热叠加形成的高地温梯度异常 1 —第四系与新近系明化镇组;2—新近系馆陶组;3—古近系;4—侏罗—白垩系;5—寒武—奥陶系;6—太古宙花岗岩;7—深部热水上涌方向;8—裂隙岩溶发育带。

Fig.20 High geothermal gradient anomaly formed by superposition of conductive heat from the Chengdong buried bulge and convective heat along fault F1

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山东省地热资源赋存规律及其富集机制

Occurrence rules and enrichment mechanism of geothermal resources in Shandong Province

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