珠江口盆地云开低凸起形成演化及构造分区作用

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.5.26

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 422-443.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.5.26

珠江口盆地云开低凸起形成演化及构造分区作用

秦阳¹(), 刘池洋¹^,^*(), 彭光荣², 黄雷¹, 李洪博², 梁超¹, 吴哲², 杨丽华¹

1.西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室, 地质学系, 陕西西安 710069
2.中国海洋石油深圳分公司, 广东深圳 518054

收稿日期:2024-01-31 修回日期:2024-04-15 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-04
通信作者: *刘池洋(1953—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事油气地质、能源地质和盆地动力学等方面的科研与教学工作。E-mail: lcy@nwu.edu.cn
作者简介:秦阳(1998—),男,博士研究生,主要从事盆地油气地质与构造解析等方面的研究。E-mail: yangqin202021427@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42230815);国家自然科学基金项目(42272148);国家自然科学基金项目(42202124);西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室科学技术部专项(201210142)

Formation and evolution of the Yunkai low uplift in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its structural partition effects

QIN Yang¹(), LIU Chiyang¹^,^*(), PENG Guangrong², HUANG Lei¹, LI Hongbo², LIANG Chao¹, WU Zhe², YANG Lihua¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
2. Shenzhen Branch, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Shenzhen 518054, China

Received:2024-01-31 Revised:2024-04-15 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

云开低凸起位处两个富烃凹陷之间,油气勘探前景好,且其在理解珠江口盆地东、西部差异演化研究中具有重要地位。本文以深度域3D地震资料为基础,结合生长地层特征、构造演化剖面和沉降史模拟结果,重点论述了低凸起的地质结构构造、断裂特征和构造演化过程,分析了构造演化动力环境及其构造分区作用。云开低凸起由北至南可分为3段,各地段结构形态不同,不同地段间及其与洼陷间多以断裂接触。生长地层特征分析及低凸起与两侧洼陷的隆-降响应特性模拟结果揭示云开低凸起不同部位的隆升速率存在时空差异。新生代裂陷期与裂后期断裂的几何学和运动学特征有别,且由早至晚断裂走向发生顺时针旋转。基底内幕可识别出具有挤压或压扭性质的两期晚中生代断裂体系,其对新生代断裂具有明显制约作用。整体上,低凸起晚中生代经历了晚侏罗世—早白垩世NW向和晚白垩世早—中期近SN向的两期挤压变形。新生代经历了始新世的快速隆升、晚始新世—早中新世的缓慢隆升和中新世至今的整体沉积-沉降深埋3个主要形成阶段。综合分析认为,云开低凸起作为两侧凹陷间的构造转换带,在位置上与NW向阳江—一统暗沙断裂带南段深浅叠置,调节凹陷差异构造变形及盆地差异演化。云开低凸起所在的NW向构造转换带具有重要的深部动力学背景,该特性造成盆地新生代NE向优势构造的分区。

关键词: 构造特征, 形成演化, 构造分区, 云开低凸起, 珠江口盆地

Abstract:

The Yunkai low uplift is located between two hydrocarbon-rich depressions, with good prospects for oil and gas exploration. It plays a critical role in understanding the differential evolution of the eastern and western Pearl River Mouth Basin. Based on 3D seismic data in the depth domain, this paper focused on the geological structures, fault characteristics and tectonic evolution process of the Yunkai low uplift by combining the characteristics of the growth strata, the results of tectonic evolution profiles and simulations of the subsidence history, as well as analysing the dynamic environment of the tectonic evolution and tectonic zoning role of low uplift. The Yunkai low uplift can be divided into three sections from north to south, with different structural patterns in each section, and the contacts between different sections and between them and depressions are mostly faults. The results of the growth strata characteristics analysis and the simulation of the uplift-descent response features of the low uplift and the depressions on both sides reveal that there are spatial and temporal variations in the uplift rate at different sections of the Yunkai low uplift. The geometric and kinematic characteristics of the faults in the Cenozoic rifting and post-rifting stages are different, and the fault strikes undergo clockwise rotation from early to late. Two-stage late Mesozoic fault systems with extrusion or compression-torsion properties can be identified within the basement and have significantly constrained the Cenozoic faults. Overall, the low uplift experienced two stages of extrusion deformation in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous NW and early-middle Late Cretaceous near-SN directions during the late Mesozoic. It experienced three major formation stages in the Cenozoic: a rapid uplift stage during the Eocene, a slow uplift stage during the Late Eocene-Early Miocene, and a whole sedimentation-subsidence and deep burial stage from the Miocene to the present. Comprehensive analyses suggest that the Yunkai Low uplift, as a tectonic transition zone between the depressions on both sides, is deeply and shallowly superimposed on the southern section of the NW-trending Yangjiang-Yitong Ansha fault zone, which regulates the differential structural deformation of the depressions and the differential evolution of the basin. The NW-trending structural transition zone in which the Yunkai low uplift is situated has a significant deep dynamic setting, and this property results in the partitioning of the dominant Cenozoic NE-trending structures in the basin.

Key words: structural characteristics, formation and evolution, structural partition, Yunkai low uplift, Pearl River Mouth Basin

中图分类号:

P548

秦阳, 刘池洋, 彭光荣, 黄雷, 李洪博, 梁超, 吴哲, 杨丽华. 珠江口盆地云开低凸起形成演化及构造分区作用[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(4): 422-443.

QIN Yang, LIU Chiyang, PENG Guangrong, HUANG Lei, LI Hongbo, LIANG Chao, WU Zhe, YANG Lihua. Formation and evolution of the Yunkai low uplift in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its structural partition effects[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(4): 422-443.

图/表 16

图1 珠江口盆地云开低凸起及邻区区域地质背景和典型人工井位分布图(图b据文献[27]修改)

Fig. 1 Regional geological background and distribution of typical artificial wells in the Yunkai low uplift and adjacent areas of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. b modified after [27].

图2 珠江口盆地构造层划分及新生代综合地层柱状图(据文献[12,34,48,52]修改)

Fig.2 Tectonic stratigraphic divisions and the integrated Cenozoic stratigraphic histogram of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Modified after [12,34,48,52].

图3 云开低凸起及周缘Tg界面地貌(a)、Tg(b)和T50(c)界面构造图

Fig.3 Topography of the Yunkai low uplift and the surrounding Tg interface (a) and the structure of the Tg (b) and T50 (c) interfaces

表1 云开低凸起不同地段相关构造特征对比表

Table 1 A comparison of the associated structural features in different sections of the Yunkai low uplift

对比项目		北段	中段	南段
地层结构构造	基底埋深	低(5 000~7 000 m)	较高(2 500~4 600 m)	高(1 750~4 200 m)
	地层分布	地层沉积序列相对完整 (缺失文6-5段)、地层厚度大	沉积序列部分缺失 (文6-4段、上文昌组大部)、地层厚度较小	沉积序列不完整(文昌组缺失严重)、地层厚度小
	构造形态	断凸结构构造	宽缓背斜构造	大型断阶构造
	生长地层	削截、上超、披覆; 上超期次少、披覆厚度大	上超、披覆;上超期次较多、披覆厚度较小	上超、披覆;上超期次多、披覆厚度小
	与两侧洼陷接触关系	断裂接触 (断裂、断裂-斜坡)	断裂接触关系不明显 (斜坡、断阶)	断裂接触 (大型断裂)
新生代断裂	走向	NW-NNW	NW-NWW、NEE	NW-NWW、NEE
	延伸长度	较小	小	较大
	密度	小	较小	较大
	活动性	较弱	弱	强
晚中生代断裂	走向	NW-NWW	NW-NWW、NEE	NW-NWW、NEE
	延伸长度	较小	小	较大
	密度	小	较小	较大

图4 云开低凸起不同地段NW向地震剖面A-A'及近SN向B-B'地震剖面图(剖面位置见图1c)

Fig.4 Seismic profiles A-A' in the NW direction and B-B'in the near SN direction at different sections of the Yunkai low uplift (see Fig.1c for the location of the profiles)

图5 云开低凸起不同段与两侧洼陷地层接触关系图(剖面位置见图1c,图例同图4a)

Fig.5 Relationship between different sections of the Yunkai low uplift and the depressions on either side of the stratigraphic contacts (see Fig.1c for location of profiles;legend as in Fig.4a)

图6 研究区新生代不同构造层系断裂纲要图(a-f)和不同构造单元的断裂走向图(g-i)

Fig.6 Outline diagrams of Cenozoic faults of different structural layers in the study area (a-f) and the fault strikes of different tectonic units (g-i)

图7 云开低凸起及周缘不同构造层断裂发育密度(a)、延伸长度(b)、非研究区断裂密度(c)、不同构造层断裂发育数量占比(d)和断裂走向(e-g)图(断裂位置见图1c)

Fig.7 Density of fault development at different structural layers (a), length of extension (b), density of faults in the non-study area (c), percentage of fault development at different structural layers (d), and strike of faults (e-g) at the Yunkai low uplift and its surroundings (for location of faults,see Fig.1c)

图8 基底断裂古垂直断距(a-d、f)和活动速率(e)统计图(断裂位置及测线号见图1c)

Fig.8 Diagrams of paleo-vertical fault throws (a-d, f) and activity rates (e) statistics for basement faults (see Fig.1c for location of faults and line numbers)

图9 云开低凸起和周缘晚中生代基底先存构造(a)、不同构造期伸展方向空间关系(b)及应力场方向解析(c)图

Fig.9 Diagram of Late Mesozoic basement pre-existing structures (a), the spatial relationship between the extension directions in different tectonic stages (b) and the direction analysis of the stress field (c) in the study area

图10 云开低凸起及周缘晚中生代断裂剖面特征图(剖面位置见图9a)

Fig.10 Late Mesozoic fault profiles characteristic of the Yunkai low uplift and the surroundings (see Fig.9a for the location of the profiles)

图11 云开低凸起及周缘洼陷沉降特征(a-h)图(井位具体见图1c)

Fig.11 Diagram of subsidence characteristics of the Yunkai low uplift and surrounding sags (a-h) (see Fig.1c for specifics of well locations)

图12 云开低凸起不同段的相对隆升速率图开平东洼-云北:云开低凸起北段相对开平东洼的相对隆升速率。

Fig.12 Diagram of the relative uplift rates of the different sections of the Yunkai low uplift

图13 云开低凸起及其周缘不同地段新生代构造演化图(原始剖面位置见图1c)

Fig.13 Diagram of the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Yunkai low uplift and its surrounding different sections (see Fig.1c for locations of original sections)

图14 云开低凸起及周缘晚中生代—新生代构造演化模式图(沉积相发育特征修改自文献[70])

Fig.14 Diagram of the Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolutionary pattern of the Yunkai low uplift and its periphery. Sedimentary facies modified after [70].

图15 研究区及邻区化极磁异常、Moho面深度及大地热流等值线图(修改自文献[20,21,47])

Fig.15 Contour map of polar magnetic anomalies, Moho surface depth and geothermal heat flow in the study area and its neighboring areas. a-b modified after [20,21,47].

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珠江口盆地云开低凸起形成演化及构造分区作用

Formation and evolution of the Yunkai low uplift in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its structural partition effects

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