地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 307-318.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.3.29
• “印度-欧亚大陆碰撞及其远程效应”专栏之五 • 上一篇 下一篇
收稿日期:
2022-03-07
修回日期:
2022-03-27
出版日期:
2022-07-25
发布日期:
2022-07-28
通讯作者:
方鹏高
作者简介:
詹 诚(1995—),男,硕士研究生,构造地质学专业,从事地震剖面的构造解释研究。E-mail: zhanch3@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
ZHAN Cheng1(), LU Shaoping1, FANG Penggao2,*()
Received:
2022-03-07
Revised:
2022-03-27
Online:
2022-07-25
Published:
2022-07-28
Contact:
FANG Penggao
摘要:
南海的形成演化受控于印-澳、欧亚以及太平洋板块的相互运动,为研究汇聚背景下板块碰撞及其远程效应提供重要窗口。为了揭示该汇聚背景下的多幕裂陷过程,本文选取地质信息丰富的整个珠江口盆地为典型区,利用三条高精度地震剖面,对盆地各地质单元进行断层活动速率和构造沉降速率的定量计算及综合分析。结果表明盆地裂陷期东部、中部和西部主要控凹断层的平均活动速率分别为96 m/Ma、223 m/Ma和124 m/Ma,且其平均沉降速率依次为8.5 m/Ma、34 m/Ma和12.7 m/Ma,盆地整体呈现中部裂陷作用最强,其后向西部和东部逐渐减弱的特征。本文认为这与先存断裂以及初始地壳厚度有关:盆地东部和中部存在NE向先存断裂,并且东部先存断裂更加活跃,因此在新生代拉伸应力下东部更易表现为裂陷作用最强的区域,其次为中部和西部;而受前新生代时期俯冲作用的影响,岩浆的底垫作用引起盆地东部地壳增厚,东部裂陷作用强度急剧降低,造成裂陷作用强度的东西差异。此外,盆地南段凹陷裂陷期的断层活动和沉降速率发生激增,裂陷作用存在向南迁移的现象。本文推测在深度相关的伸展模式的影响下,南段凹陷地壳温度升高,强度减弱,因而在伸展应力下发生快速的拉伸减薄,导致裂陷中心向南迁移及岩浆物质上涌。同时,侵入的岩浆物质导致高角度正断层转换成低角度正断层,进一步促进裂陷中心向南迁移。
中图分类号:
詹诚, 卢绍平, 方鹏高. 汇聚背景下的多幕裂陷作用及其迁移机制:以南海北部珠江口盆地为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(4): 307-318.
ZHAN Cheng, LU Shaoping, FANG Penggao. Multiphase rift and migration mechanism in the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(4): 307-318.
图3 珠江口盆地东部、中部与西部地震剖面(a,b,c,d据文献[18]; e据文献[17])
Fig.3 Seismic profiles of the eastern, central and western Pearl River Mouth Basin. a-d adapted from [18]; e adapted from [17].
图4 珠江口盆地东部裂陷期断层活动速率(a)、构造沉降速率(b)以及地震剖面图(c) 虚线划分凹陷以及隆起,误差棒代表结果的误差范围。
Fig.4 Fault activity (a) and tectonic subsidence (b) rates for and seismic profile (c) of the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin during the rifting period
图5 珠江口盆地中部裂陷期断层活动速率(a)、构造沉降速率(b)以及地震剖面图(c) 虚线划分凹陷以及隆起,误差棒代表结果的误差范围。
Fig.5 Fault activity (a) and tectonic subsidence (b) rates for and seismic profile of the central Pearl River Mouth Basin during the rifting period
图6 珠江口盆地西部裂陷期断层活动速率(a)、构造沉降速率(b)以及地震剖面图(c) 虚线划分凹陷以及隆起,误差棒代表结果的误差范围。
Fig.6 Fault activity (a) and tectonic subsidence (b) rates for and seismic profile of the western Pearl River Mouth Basin during the rifting period
位置 | 断层序号 | 构造沉降速度/(m·Ma-1) | |
---|---|---|---|
裂陷一幕 | 裂陷二幕 | ||
东部 | E-f3 | 168.23 | 58.29 |
E-f9 | 0 | 71 | |
E-f11 | 0 | 88 | |
中部 | M-f8 | 199.53 | 182.04 |
M-f21 | 95.68 | 499.27 | |
M-f23 | 157.02 | 361.15 | |
M-f26 | 0 | 236.06 | |
M-f31 | 88.05 | 190.31 | |
西部 | W-f6 | 67.84 | 190 |
W-f11 | 107.19 | 115 | |
W-f15 | 0 | 182.67 | |
W-f16 | 108 | 140 | |
W-f17 | 139 | 71 |
表1 珠江口盆地东部、中部与西部主要控凹断层的活动速率
Table 1 Fault activity rates for major sag-controlling faults in the eastern, central and western parts of the Pearl River Mouth Basin
位置 | 断层序号 | 构造沉降速度/(m·Ma-1) | |
---|---|---|---|
裂陷一幕 | 裂陷二幕 | ||
东部 | E-f3 | 168.23 | 58.29 |
E-f9 | 0 | 71 | |
E-f11 | 0 | 88 | |
中部 | M-f8 | 199.53 | 182.04 |
M-f21 | 95.68 | 499.27 | |
M-f23 | 157.02 | 361.15 | |
M-f26 | 0 | 236.06 | |
M-f31 | 88.05 | 190.31 | |
西部 | W-f6 | 67.84 | 190 |
W-f11 | 107.19 | 115 | |
W-f15 | 0 | 182.67 | |
W-f16 | 108 | 140 | |
W-f17 | 139 | 71 |
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