北京红石湾穹窿特征及形成机制

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.12.130

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

北京延庆红石湾穹窿位于华北克拉通北缘燕山构造带中西段。红石湾穹窿由下部太古宙片麻岩和上部元古宙变质石英砂岩组成。平面上穹窿面积约为45 km²。研究表明穹窿核部出露的麻粒岩经历了3期变质作用:前期变质阶段M1、峰期变质阶段M2和退变质阶段M3。前期变质阶段M1矿物共生组合为单斜辉石、斜长石、石英和黑云母;峰期变质阶段M2平衡矿物共生组合为单斜辉石、石榴石和石英;退变质阶段M3矿物组合为角闪石和钠长石。温度与压力计算结果表明:麻粒岩所经历的前期变质阶段M1温度为784~816 ℃,压力为760~850 MPa;峰期变质阶段M2温度为715~770 ℃,压力为1 220~1 380 MPa; 退变质阶段M3温压条件为506~548 ℃,压力为700~810 MPa。相平衡模拟得到其麻粒岩相变质作用峰期阶段温压条件为T=780 ℃,p=1 500 MPa,具有逆时针型的p-T演化趋势。红石湾穹窿构造核部片麻岩中的局部钾长石化由中心向边部明显减少,穹窿与长城系石英砂岩发生浅变质作用,且其中发育熔蚀孔洞等。根据区域对比认为,穹窿的形成主要是早白垩世中晚期深部岩浆房因流体超压引起岩浆发生底辟作用并在后期叠加伸展作用的结果。

关键词: 麻粒岩, 温压计, p-T演化趋势, 底辟作用, 穹窿

Abstract:

The Hongshiwan dome in Yanqing, Beijing, is located in the central-south segment of the Yanshan tectonic belt on the northern edge of the Trans-North China Orogen. The Hongshiwan dome comprises Lower Archean gneiss and Upper Proterozoic metamorphic quartzite, covering an area of ~45 km². Research indicates that the granulite exposed in the core of the dome records three metamorphic stages: an early prograde stage (M1), a peak stage (M2), and a retrograde stage (M3). The characteristic mineral assemblages are clinopyroxene + plagioclase + quartz + biotite for M1, clinopyroxene + garnet + quartz for M2, and amphibole + albite for M3. Thermobarometric estimates yield conditions of 784-816 ℃ and 760-850 MPa for M1, 715-770 ℃ and 1220-1380 MPa for M2, and 506-548 ℃ and 700-810 MPa for M3. Phase equilibrium modeling suggests peak granulite-facies conditions of ~780 ℃ and ~1500 MPa, indicating a counterclockwise p-T trajectory. Within the gneissic core of the Hongshiwan dome structure, the intensity of potash feldspar alteration decreases noticeably from the center towards the margins. The Changcheng Formation quartzite of the dome’s cover has undergone low-grade metamorphism, exhibiting features such as the development of melt erosion pores. Regional comparisons suggest that the dome formed primarily by magmatic diapirism of deep-seated magma chambers induced by fluid overpressure during the middle to late Early Cretaceous, followed by superimposed extension.

Key words: granulite, thermobaromete, metamorphic p-T path, diapirism, dome

中图分类号:

温国涛, 苏尚国, 杜瑾雪, 张雅南, 王文博. 北京红石湾穹窿特征及形成机制[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(5): 68-84.

WEN Guotao, SU Shangguo, DU Jinxue, ZHANG Yanan, WANG Wenbo. Characteristics and formation mechanism of the Hongshiwan dome in Beijing[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(5): 68-84.

图/表 13

图1 研究区大地构造及红石湾穹窿地质简图(a和b图据文献[43]修改) a—华北地块及其周缘地区大地构造图;b—燕山构造带中西段构造简;c—红石湾穹窿地质图。FLF—丰宁—隆化断裂;SPF—尚义—平泉断裂;ZJGF—紫金关断裂;XHF—宣化逆冲断层;XHYF—下花园逆冲断层;FHF—丰台—怀柔断裂。

Fig.1 Geological structure and geological map of the study area. Figures a and b revised from reference [43].

图2 红石湾穹窿宏观特征 a—穹窿野外特征;b,c,d—变质岩体上的局部钾长石脉(由穹窿边部到核部,脉中钾长石含量由5%逐渐增加到30%);e—石英砂岩发育的熔蚀孔洞。

Fig.2 Field characteristics of the Hongshiwan dome

图3 麻粒岩中石榴子石“红眼圈结构” a—单偏光镜下图;b—BSE图;c—TIMA图;d—素描图。石榴子石呈环岛礁状环绕在由单斜辉石、石英、长石、角闪石、黑云母等矿物组成的合晶外部,单斜辉石主要在幔部。Grt—石榴子石;Cpx—单斜辉石;Amp—角闪石;Kfs—钾长石;Q—石英;Pl—斜长石;Bt—黑云母;Ap—磷灰石;Mt—磁铁矿。

Fig.3 “Red-eye socket” of pomegranate stone in granulite

表1 变质期次及矿物组合表

Table 1 Metamorphic stages and mineral assemblages

表2 麻粒岩中前期变质阶段M1变质矿物的代表性电子探针测试结果

Table 2 Representative microprobe analyses of minerals in the early metamorphic stage from granulite

表3 麻粒岩中峰期变质阶段M2变质矿物的代表性电子探针测试结果

Table 3 Representative microprobe analyses of minerals in the peak metamorphic stage from granulite

表4 麻粒岩中退变质阶段M3变质矿物的代表性电子探针测试结果

Table 4 Representative microprobe analyses of minerals in the regressive metamorphic stage from granulite

表5 麻粒岩中黑云母矿物的代表性电子探针测试结果

Table 5 Representative microprobe analyses of biotite from granulite

图4 麻粒岩中石榴子石的成分剖面特征 a—环岛礁状石榴子石的成分剖面特征;b—基质石榴子石的成分剖面特征。

Fig.4 Compositional profile of garnet from the granulite

图5 麻粒岩中矿物分类图解及角闪石Si-Ti图(图c据文献[56]) a—石榴子石分类图解;b—辉石分类图解;c—角闪石分类图解;d—角闪石Si-Ti图。

Fig.5 The composition plots for minerals in granulite and Si-Ti of amphibole. Figure c revised from reference [56].

图6 麻粒岩在 NCFMASHTO 体系下p-T 视剖面图和逆时针p-T轨迹黑色粗箭头代表p-T 演化轨迹;黄色实线代表固相线;绿色圆圈代表各阶段温压条件范围;x(g)=Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg); An=Ca/(Ca+Na+K)。

Fig.6 p-T pseudosections in the systems NCFMASHTO and the anticlockwise p-T path of the granulite

图7 红石湾穹窿形成演化历史图 a—早白垩世之前;b—早白垩世早期;c—早白垩世中晚期。

Fig.7 Formation and evolution history of the Hongshiwan dome

图8 穹窿存在岩浆底辟作用的岩相学证据 a,b—与穹窿接触的长城系石英砂岩发育的熔蚀孔洞;c—超压导致石英出现裂隙。Kfs—钾长石;Q—石英。

Fig.8 Petrographic evidence of magma diapirism in the dome

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