西藏南羌塘晚三叠世陆缘俯冲增生造山带的褶皱-冲断与增生杂岩双层结构厘定

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.3.30

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 231-248.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.3.30

• “印度-欧亚大陆碰撞及其远程效应”专栏之五 • 上一篇下一篇

西藏南羌塘晚三叠世陆缘俯冲增生造山带的褶皱-冲断与增生杂岩双层结构厘定

李典¹(), 王根厚²^,^*(), 刘正勇¹, 李鹏胜¹, 冯翼鹏², 唐宇², 李超³, 李阳¹

1.成都理工大学地球科学学院, 四川成都 610059
2.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
3.中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037

收稿日期:2022-02-15 修回日期:2022-03-20 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-07-28
通讯作者: 王根厚
作者简介:李典(1985—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事构造地质学研究。E-mail: lidian19@cdut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42172259)

Fold-thrust belt of South Qiangtang, Tibet and the double-layer structure of the South Qiangtang accretionary complex

LI Dian¹(), WANG Genhou²^,^*(), LIU Zhengyong¹, LI Pengsheng¹, FENG Yipeng², TANG Yu², LI Chao³, LI Yang¹

1. College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
3. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

Received:2022-02-15 Revised:2022-03-20 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-28
Contact: WANG Genhou

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

增生型造山带形成于活动大陆边缘,以宽阔且延伸稳定的增生杂岩为代表,在大洋板块向大陆板块发生缓慢而复杂的俯冲、碰撞过程中,大洋板块、火山岛弧、海山、大陆碎块等沿逐渐后退的海沟拼贴,仰冲板块前端发生刮削作用、底垫作用和构造剥蚀等作用,使得洋壳物质在海沟内壁增生,具体表现为增生杂岩的形成、垂向和侧向的生长,最终实现陆壳的横向生长。陆陆碰撞期间,加入俯冲通道的被动陆缘也将遭受类似的构造作用,从而形成规模较大的陆缘增生杂岩。因此,造山带增生杂岩的物质组成与结构、形成机制和演化过程对解剖洋陆转换过程中的复杂地球动力学过程具有极为关键的作用。西藏南羌塘增生杂岩是近年来通过走廊性地质填图以及多学科交叉工作得到的研究认识。然而,该增生杂岩的物质组成和结构等关键内容还未得到系统的研究,严重阻碍了对其形成机制和演化过程的理解。因此,本文以时空演化为主线,解剖杂岩物质组成和结构,结合俯冲期和同碰撞期大地构造单元,洞察南羌塘增生杂岩的形成演化过程。本次研究显示:(1)南羌塘增生杂岩具有俯冲杂岩在下、褶皱-冲断带在上的双层结构,二者间为大规模的拆离断层系统;(2)俯冲杂岩内不只含有洋板块地层单元,还含有大量的南羌塘被动陆缘物质;(3)褶皱-冲断带虽主要由被动陆缘物质变形改造而来,也含有属于洋板块地层系统的海山和洋内岛弧等物质。结合同俯冲期弧前盆地和楔顶盆地、同碰撞期晚三叠世岩浆的时空分布,高压变质岩的形成与折返时限,南羌塘增生杂岩内的双层结构应主要是陆陆碰撞过程中被动陆缘俯冲的结果,少量形成于大洋俯冲期间的俯冲反向过程中。本文提出的陆缘俯冲导致南羌塘增生杂岩双层结构的研究认识,对理解南羌塘地壳结构、中生代盆地基底形成演化具有较为重要的意义。

关键词: 南羌塘增生杂岩, 陆缘俯冲, 双层结构

Abstract:

The accretionary orogens formed in the active continental margin are represented by extensive and stable accretionary complexes. During the slow and complex oceanic subduction and collision, oceanic plate, intra-oceanic arc, seamount, and continental fragments are accreted onto the retreating oceanic trench through off-scrapping, underplating, and tectonic erosion at the leading edge of the overriding plate. Continental crust thus grows laterally as significant accretion of oceanic crusts at the inner wall of the trench. Via a similar tectonic process during the continental collision passive margin are incorporated into the subduction channel, where a crustal accretionary wedge similar to but much larger than oceanic accretionary prisms are expected to form. Therefore the composition, structure, and evolution of accretionary complex in orogenic belt play a key role in understanding the complex geodynamic process during the ocean to continent transformation. The accretionary complex of South Qiangtang, Tibet was recently recognized through corridor geological mapping and multidisciplinary research. However, the composition and structure of the complex are not well studied, which greatly hinders the understanding of its formation mechanism and evolution. Therefore in this paper, focusing on its spatiotemporal evolution, we researched in detail the composition and structure of the South Qiangtang accretionary complex to understand its formation and evolutionary processes. We show that (1) the South Qiangtang accretionary complex has a double-layer structure, with the subduction complex at the bottom, the fold-thrust belt at the top, and a regional detachment fault system separating the upper and lower layers. (2) The subduction complex contains not only the ocean plate stratigraphy but also a large part of the South Qiangtang passive margin. (3) Although the fold-thrust belt is mainly deformed passive continental margin, it also contains ocean plate stratigraphic units like seamounts and intra-oceanic arcs. Based on the spatiotemporal distribution of fore-arc basin and wedge-top basin during subduction and Late Triassic syn-collisional magmatism, the double-layer structure of the South Qiangtang accretionary complex should mainly be induced by subduction of passive continental margin during continental collision, and probably also by subduction reversal during oceanic subduction. The double-layer structure of the South Qiangtang accretionary complex and its continental subduction origin proposed in this paper are of great significance for understanding the crustal structure of the South Qiangtang terrane and the evolution of Mesozoic basement.

Key words: Southern Qiangtang accretionary complex, continental subduction, double-layer structure

中图分类号:

P542.2
P548

李典, 王根厚, 刘正勇, 李鹏胜, 冯翼鹏, 唐宇, 李超, 李阳. 西藏南羌塘晚三叠世陆缘俯冲增生造山带的褶皱-冲断与增生杂岩双层结构厘定[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(4): 231-248.

LI Dian, WANG Genhou, LIU Zhengyong, LI Pengsheng, FENG Yipeng, TANG Yu, LI Chao, LI Yang. Fold-thrust belt of South Qiangtang, Tibet and the double-layer structure of the South Qiangtang accretionary complex[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(4): 231-248.

图/表 6

图1 西藏南羌塘地体西段区域地质构造简图

Fig.1 Regional geological map of the western segment of the southern Qiangtang terrane, Tibet

图2 南羌塘廊带性区域地质简图

Fig.2 Geological sketch map of the South Qiangtang corridor

图3 龙木错—双湖古特提斯洋两侧的陆缘结构

Fig.3 Structure of continental margins on both sides of the Longmu Co-Shuanghu Paleo-Tethys Ocean

图4 南羌塘增生杂岩物质组成

Fig.4 Composition of the South Qiangtang accretionary complex

图5 羌塘中部变质岩带四类成因模式的比较(见正文中详细的分析讨论)

Fig.5 Comparison of the four main genetic models of the South Qiangtang accretionary complex

图6 南羌塘增生杂岩的陆缘俯冲形成模式图

Fig.6 A continental margin subduction model for the South Qiangtang accretionary complex

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西藏南羌塘晚三叠世陆缘俯冲增生造山带的褶皱-冲断与增生杂岩双层结构厘定

Fold-thrust belt of South Qiangtang, Tibet and the double-layer structure of the South Qiangtang accretionary complex

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