西太平洋暖池冰期旋回中的类ENSO式演化及其驱动机制

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.5

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 168-178.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.5

• 深海沉积与快速气候变化 • 上一篇下一篇

西太平洋暖池冰期旋回中的类ENSO式演化及其驱动机制

张洋¹(), 徐继尚²^,³^,^*(), 李广雪¹^,²^,³, 刘勇²^,³

1.中国海洋大学深海圈层与地球系统前沿科学中心海洋高等研究院山东青岛 266100
2.中国海洋大学海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室, 山东青岛266100
3.中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 山东青岛 266100

收稿日期:2021-09-08 修回日期:2021-11-12 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-07-28
通讯作者: 徐继尚
作者简介:张洋(1991—),男,博士,工程师,主要从事古气候与古环境演化研究。E-mail: zy6556@ouc.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(91858203);国家自然科学基金项目(41976198);国家自然科学基金项目(41030856);全球变化与海气相互作用专项(GASI-02-PAC-CJ15)

ENSO-like patterns and its driving mechanism in Western Pacific Warm Pool during the glacial cycles

ZHANG Yang¹(), XU Jishang²^,³^,^*(), LI Guangxue¹^,²^,³, LIU Yong²^,³

1. Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2. Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Exploration Techniques, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
3. College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

Received:2021-09-08 Revised:2021-11-12 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-28
Contact: XU Jishang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为全球接受太阳辐射最多、表层海水温度最高的区域,西太平洋暖池区通过厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Niño-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)和季风等过程影响着全球气候的变化。越来越多的沉积记录证明,在地质历史时期西太平洋暖池也存在类似于现代ENSO过程的“类ENSO式”变化。而目前类ENSO式变化与冰期—间冰期旋回之间的响应关系和驱动机制及其与东亚季风的关联仍存在争议。本文利用位于暖池核心区的B10岩心浮游有孔虫氧同位素、Mg/Ca(质量分数比)和黏土矿物参数重建了暖池区氧同位素8期以来的古气候记录,并结合已有的热带海表温度记录、中国石笋氧同位素和南大洋地区海表温度记录,研究了西太平洋暖池冰期旋回中类ENSO状态的演化规律及其与东亚季风的关系,并探讨了暖池区类ENSO演化的驱动机制。结果发现:冰期时,西太平洋暖池区温跃层变浅,赤道东、西太平洋温差减小,同时,东亚夏季风减弱,暖池区降水量相对减少,与现代El Niño时期气候态类似;间冰期时,西太平洋暖池区温跃层加深,赤道东、西太平洋温差增大,东亚冬夏季风增强,暖池区降水量相对增加,与现代La Niña时期气候态类似。频谱分析结果表明,西太平洋暖池区海表温度的变化具有偏心率周期(96 ka)。冰消期时,低纬度太阳辐射量的增加,增大了纬向上的SST梯度,并使得次表层海水储存了更多的热量,积累的热量会通过调节次表层环流向暖池区的热传输,最终调控赤道太平洋地区Walker环流强度和ENSO活动的长期变化。而冰期时,南大洋地区降温所引起的东南信风和大洋环流异常可能对类ENSO式起到调控的作用。

关键词: 西太平洋暖池, 厄尔尼诺-南方涛动, 东亚季风, 温跃层, 太阳辐射量

Abstract:

The Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) region affects the global climate change through El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and monsoons, as it receives the most solar radiation and has the warmest surface temperature in the world. Abundant sedimentary records indicate WPWP also experienced ENSO-like events throughout geological history. However, the relationships between ENSO and glacial-interglacial cycles or East Asian Monsoon (EAM), as well as the driving mechanism behind ENSO-like patterns, still remain unclear. In this study, we reconstructed the paleoclimate records since Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 8 by using oxygen isotope, Mg/Ca ratio from planktonic foraminifera, and clay mineral proxy data obtained from sediment core B10 at WPWP. Combined with previously published paleoenvironment records of tropical region, δ¹⁸O data of Chinese cave stalagmite, and sea surface temperature records of the Southern Ocean, we studied the evolution of ENSO-like patterns during glacial-interglacial cycles and their relationship with EAM, and discussed the driving mechanism behind ENSO-like patterns. We found that during the glacial period the thermocline in WPWP became shallower, with the temperature gradient decreasing between the Eastern Equatorial Pacific and WPWP. Meanwhile, weakened East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) was accompanied by reduced rainfall, similar to modern El Niño. During the interglacial period, the thermocline in WPWP deepened, the temperature gradient along the equatorial Pacific increased, and EASM strengthened with increased precipitation, which was very similar to modern La Niña. Spectral analysis revealed the sea surface temperature in WPWP followed a significant eccentricity cycle (96 ka). During the interglacial period, increasing solar radiation in tropical region increased the latitudinal sea surface temperature gradient, and led to heat accumulation in subsurface water. The accumulated heat in turn regulated heat transfer to WPWP via subsurface circulation and ultimately controlled the long-term changes in the Walker circulation intensity and ENSO-like patterns in equatorial Pacific. During the glacial period, the southeast trade wind and ocean circulation anomalies caused by the cooling of the Southern Ocean might also regulate the ENSO-like patterns.

Key words: Western Pacific Warm Pool, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, East Asian Monsoon, thermocline, solar radiation

中图分类号:

P467

张洋, 徐继尚, 李广雪, 刘勇. 西太平洋暖池冰期旋回中的类ENSO式演化及其驱动机制[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(4): 168-178.

ZHANG Yang, XU Jishang, LI Guangxue, LIU Yong. ENSO-like patterns and its driving mechanism in Western Pacific Warm Pool during the glacial cycles[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(4): 168-178.

图/表 8

图1 研究站位地理位置及洋流概况图 a—西太平洋暖池区洋流图;b—西太平洋暖池区研究站位地理位置图。图a中黑色实线代表表层流,白色虚线代表中层和底层流。灰色虚线和实线分别代表现代一月和七月份ITCZ的位置根据文献[21]修改。(NEC—北赤道流,NECC—北赤道逆流,EUC—赤道潜流,KC—黑潮,MC—棉兰老流,NGCC—新几内亚近岸流,LUC—吕宋底流, MUC—棉兰底流,NPDW—北太平洋底层水)。

Fig.1 Geographical location and ocean currents of the study area

表1 B10岩心年龄控制点与氧同位素分期

Table 1 Age control points and oxygen isotope staging of core B10

深度 /cm	¹⁴C年龄 /a	转折点年龄 /a	定年方法	氧同位素分期
0
8	8 462		放射性碳同位素
14	15 054		放射性碳同位素
32	31 614		放射性碳同位素
48		57 000	浮游有孔虫-LR04	MIS4/3
62		71 000	浮游有孔虫-LR04	MIS5/4
74		82 000	浮游有孔虫-LR04	MIS5.1
106		123 000	浮游有孔虫-LR04	MIS5.5
110		130 000	浮游有孔虫-LR04	MIS6/5
156		191 000	浮游有孔虫-LR04	MIS7/6
208		240 000	浮游有孔虫-LR04	MIS8/7
250		287 000	浮游有孔虫-LR04

图2 基于14C测年点和LR04曲线建立的B10岩心的年龄框架 a中黑色方框代表14C测年点,紫色圆圈代表LR04氧同位素标准曲线的事件点;b为沉积速率示意图。垂直灰色阴影代表氧同位素分期不同阶段。

Fig.2 Age model for core B10 based on AMS 14C dating and LR04 curve

图3 B10岩心浮游有孔虫和黏土矿物指标重建结果 a—G.ruber Mg/Ca SST;b—P.obliquiloculata Mg/Ca TWT;c—蒙脱石含量;d—伊利石含量;e—高岭石含量;f—绿泥石含量。图中数字代表氧同位素分期。

Fig.3 Planktonic foraminiferal and clay mineral proxy records of core B10

图4 B10岩心黏土矿物三端员模式图(a)和西太平洋暖池区东亚季风模式图(b) a中不同颜色的圆圈代表西太平洋暖池区可能的黏土矿物物源源区(马里亚纳海沟[34],帕劳群岛[35],吕宋岛[36], 新几内亚岛[33,37],中国黄土高原[38],澳大利亚北部河流[39],印度尼西亚[40]);b中红色箭头代表东亚夏季风,黑色箭头代表东亚冬季风。(AAIW—南极中层水;LCPW—绕极底层水)。

Fig.4 Ternary diagram showing the variation in clay mineral composition of core B10 (a) and East Asian Monsoon patterns in WPWP (b)

图5 古气候记录对比 a—赤道东西太平洋海表温度差值(B10-TR163-22)[45];b—B10岩心表层、次表层温度差值;c—B10岩心伊利石/蒙脱石(质量分数比)比值;d—B10岩心蒙脱石/(伊利石+绿泥石)(质量分数比)比值;e—中国石笋氧同位素记录[46]。

Fig.5 Comparison of paleoclimatic records

图6 B10岩心海表温度频谱结果频谱分析利用的是Redfit38软件,红色虚线代表的是95%置信区间,蓝色虚线代表的是90%置信区间。

Fig.6 Results of SST spectral analysis for core B10

图7 末次间冰期以来全球气候指标对比(图中数据引自文献[1-2,45,54⇓-56]) a—B10(黑色曲线)与MD06-3047B(红色曲线)岩心SST记录对比;b—MD01-2386岩心SST记录;c—MD06-3067岩心SST记录;d—东太平洋冷舌区海表温度;e—南大洋地区SST记录;f—全球太阳辐射量变化。

Fig.7 Comparison of global climate proxies since the last interglacial period. Adapted from [1-2,45,54⇓-56].

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西太平洋暖池冰期旋回中的类ENSO式演化及其驱动机制

ENSO-like patterns and its driving mechanism in Western Pacific Warm Pool during the glacial cycles

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