地学前缘 ›› 2020, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 99-115.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.5.37

• 地质过程与成矿作用示踪的成因矿物学 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑龙江省嫩江—黑河构造混杂岩带科洛金矿床成因:来自黄铁矿化学成分及He-Ar、S、Pb同位素证据

李成禄1(), 李胜荣2, 袁茂文2, 杜兵盈3, 李文龙1, Masroor ALAM4, 刘东园2, 刘浩2   

  1. 1.黑龙江省自然资源调查院, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150036
    2.中国地质大学(北京), 北京 100083
    3.黑龙江省地质科学研究所, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-05 修回日期:2020-04-21 出版日期:2020-09-25 发布日期:2020-09-25
  • 作者简介:李成禄(1984—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事矿产勘查及综合研究工作。E-mail: lcl230881@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省国土资源科研项目(黑国土科研201603);黑龙江地质勘查公益项目(GY-2018003);国家自然科学基金项目(41872038)

Genesis of the Keluo Au deposit in the Nenjiang-Heihe tectonic melange belt, Heilongjiang Province: evidence from chemical composition and pyrite He-Ar, S, Pb isotopes

LI Chenglu1(), LI Shengrong2, YUAN Maowen2, DU Bingying3, LI Wenlong1, Masroor ALAM4, LIU Dongyuan2, LIU Hao2   

  1. 1. Heilongjiang Institute of Natural Resources, Harbin 150036, China
    2. China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    3. Heilongjiang Institute of Geological Sciences, Harbin 150080, China
  • Received:2020-03-05 Revised:2020-04-21 Online:2020-09-25 Published:2020-09-25

摘要:

科洛金矿床位于黑龙江省嫩江—黑河构造混杂岩带中,为一正在勘查的中型金矿床。前人研究认为该矿床为一中温、富水、低盐度的韧性剪切带型金矿床。但随着勘查工作的持续开展,新发现了大量含多金属硫化物的石英脉型矿石。为进一步明确该矿床成因,对科洛金矿床内韧性变形和浸染状-团块状两种不同产状黄铁矿进行了系统的成分标型及稳定同位素特征研究。结果表明:韧性变形黄铁矿较浸染-团块状黄铁矿的S/Fe值低,Au、Ag、Co含量高,As含量低,总体显示韧性变形黄铁矿相对贫硫;黄铁矿微量元素显示两类黄铁矿REE具有相似的地球化学特征,整体呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的“右倾”式稀土配分模式。稀土元素总量为17.00×10-6~66.95×10-6,韧性变形黄铁矿含量明显偏低,LREE/HREE值为5.25~12.50,相对较稳定。Y/Ho值与地幔和地壳重合范围较多,Zr/Hf值、Nb/Ta值变化范围较大,显示成矿环境不稳定;黄铁矿3He含量为2.405×10-13~10.811×10-13,4He含量为3.35×10-7~4.99×10-7,3He-4He图和R/Ra-40Ar/36Ar图显示成矿流体有以地幔为主的壳幔混源特征,成矿过程应有大气降水的参与;黄铁矿δ34S变化范围小,集中在+2.3‰~+7.6‰(韧性变形黄铁矿δ34S平均值偏低),稍正向偏离陨石硫特征;黄铁矿的206Pb/204Pb=18.157~18.211;207Pb/204Pb=15.542~15.594;208Pb/204Pb=38.032~38.218(韧性变形黄铁矿的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb平均值偏低),均显示与造山作用关系密切。利用黄铁矿化学成分特征元素Co/Ni值及Co-Ni成因判别图解认为科洛金矿有热液成因矿床特征;利用w(Fe+S)-w(As)图解和Co-Ni-As含量图解显示石英脉型矿石反映浅成低温热液型金矿特征。综合区域变质变形事件、典型矿床特征及矿区内已取得的年龄、流体包裹体等相关数据认为,科洛金矿床应存在两期矿化:三叠纪形成的韧性剪切带型金矿床和白垩纪形成的浅成低温热液型金矿床。建议在今后的矿产勘查中注意寻找真正的韧性剪切带型金矿。

关键词: 成分标型, He-Ar,S,Pb同位素, 黄铁矿, 科洛金矿床, 嫩江—黑河, 黑龙江省

Abstract:

The mid-sized Keluo gold deposit is located in the Heihe-Nenjiang tectonic melange belt, Heilongjiang Province, China. The ore bodies in the deposit occur as both ductile deformed and disseminated-massive types. The deposit has been significantly mined but the genesis of the deposit is elusive. Here we report typomorphic characteristics and He-Ar, S, Pb isotopes of pyrite, intending to establish the ore genesis mechanisms of the Keluo gold deposit. Pyrite from ductile deformed ore body showed lower S/Fe ratios (mean 1.99) and As content (mean 382×10-6), and higher Au (mean 383×10-6), Ag (152×10-6) and Co (1249×10-6) contents than pyrite from disseminated-massive ores (mean S/Fe, As, Au, Ag, and Co values of 2.01, 503×10-6, 234×10-6, 96×10-6, 845×10-6, respectively). Trace elements of the two types of pyrite showed similar REE features, i.e. enriched LREE, depleted HREE, and inclined REE patterns. The total REE content of pyrite ranged from 17.00×10-6 to 66.95×10-6 with deformed pyrite showing lower REE concentrations, and LREE/HREE ratios ranged from 5.25 to 12.50. The large variations in Y/Ho, Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios indicate an unstable ore-forming environment. Moreover, the 3He and 4He values of pyrite were (2.405-10.811)×10-13 and (3.35-4.99)×10-7, respectively. The 3He vs. 4He and R/Ra vs. 40Ar/36Ar discrimination diagrams indicated a dominated mantle source with minor contribution from continental crust, further implying that the meteoric water played a vital role during gold mineralization. The δ 34S values of pyrite ranged from +2.3‰ to +7.6‰ showing lower δ34S values for deformed pyrite than disseminated-massive pyrite, with mean values of +2.65‰ and +5.07‰, respectively. The Pb isotopic study of pyrite showed that the ratios206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ranged in 18.157-18.211, 15.542-15.594 and 38.032-38.218, respectively, and all these values indicate great affinity with ore genesis. Pb isotopic compositions further show that deformed pyrite has relatively low mean values of 206Pb/204Pb (18.171), 207Pb/204Pb (15.542), and 208Pb/204Pb (38.054), as compared with those of disseminated-massive pyrite (18.200, 15.581 and 38.172, respectively). The Co/Ni ratios and Co vs. Ni discrimination diagram indicate that the Keluo deposit belongs to the hydrothermal type, whereas the w(Fe+S) vs. w(As) and Co-Ni-As diagrams indicate that the main mineralization stage exhibits epithermal characteristic. Combined with previous regional deformation events, deposit features, geochronological and fluid inclusion studies, we conclude that there are two stages of mineralization in the Keluo deposit, including the Triassic orogenic and the later Cretaceous epithermal type. Based on this study, we propose that more attention should be paid to orogenic Au during ore prospecting in the Heihe-Nenjiang tectonic melange belt.

Key words: typomorphic characteristics, He-Ar,S,Pb isotopes, pyrite, Keluo gold deposit, Nenjiang-Heihe, Heilongjiang Province

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