地学前缘 ›› 2016, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 102-108.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.2016.04.009

• 秦岭造山带构造与成矿 • 上一篇    下一篇

湖北庙垭稀土矿床地质特征研究

 晁会霞, 苏生瑞, 杨兴科   

  1. 1. 长安大学 地球科学与资源学院, 陕西 西安 710054
    2. 国土资源部岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710054
    3. 中国石油长庆油田分公司 勘探开发研究院, 陕西 西安 710021
    4. 中国地质调查局 油气资源调查中心, 北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2015-05-20 修回日期:2015-06-15 出版日期:2016-07-15 发布日期:2016-07-15
  • 作者简介:晁会霞(1979—)，女，博士，讲师，主要从事矿床地质学的教学和科研工作。E-mail:chaohuixia1@163.com; zyhxchao@chd.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心工作项目“武当—桐柏—大别地区成矿规律及选区研究”(1212011220515)；长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CHD2009JC145)；中央高校基本科研专项资金项目(310827153408)

Research on the geological characteristics of the Miaoya REE deposit, Hubei Province.

 CHAO  Hui-Xia, SU  Sheng-Rui, YANG  Xin-Ke   

  1. 1. School of Earth Science and Resources, Changan University, Xian 710054, China
    2. Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Ministry of Land and Resources, Xian 710054, China
    3. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Changqing Oilfield Company of CNPC, Xian 710021, China
    4. Oil & Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2015-05-20 Revised:2015-06-15 Online:2016-07-15 Published:2016-07-15

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摘要：

庙垭稀土矿床位于北大巴山东北缘和武当隆起西部边缘接触处的过渡带中，是一个与正长岩碳酸岩杂岩体有关的特大型铌稀土矿床。以酸性火山岩为主体的武当隆起，其时代属性和构造属性也是该区的重要基础问题，与庙垭稀土矿床的形成有着密切的关系。庙垭杂岩体沿着耀岭河群与下志留统梅子垭组之间的断裂构造脆弱带分布，矿区北西向和北西西向断裂和褶皱均较发育，为碳酸岩岩浆从地幔向地壳浅部侵入提供了便利的通道和定位空间，并对铌、稀土矿的分布起一定的控制作用。杂岩体由北向南由边缘相、过渡相及中心相3个相带组成，表现有碳酸岩化、绢云母化、黑云母化、钠长石化、萤石化等围岩蚀变。结合区域地质背景和矿床地质特征，认为在正长岩之后形成的碳酸岩，与正长质岩浆有着密切关系。认为矿化物质来源应为正长岩浆侵入带来，后经岩浆期后气水热液交代作用，即各种碳酸岩化促使铌、稀土元素富集沉淀。杂岩体形成前后受构造作用控制明显，先期形成的岩石冷缩裂缝和构造破碎为后期气热交代创造了良好条件，矿化多侵位于耀岭河群的糜棱岩中。庙垭稀土矿床就是在火山岩喷发时所产生的正长岩碳酸岩与震旦系—古生界岩石地层逆冲推覆过程中相互耦合形成的。

关键词: 杂岩体, 碳酸岩, 稀土矿床, 庙垭

Abstract:

Miaoya REE deposit, located in the transitional zone between northeast margin of Northern Daba Mountains and western margin of Wudang uplift, is an oversize Niobium REE deposit associated with syenite carbonatite complexes. The time attribute and structure attribute of Wudang uplift that contains acid volcanic rocks as the main body are the most important basic problems, and the formation of Miaoya REE deposit has a close relationship with them. Miaoya complex is distributed along the fracture structure fragile zone between Yaolinghe group and Meiziya group of the Lower Silurian. NW and NWW faults and folds in the ore area were developed, which provided convenient channels and positioning space for the carbonate rock magma from the mantle to the shallow crust, and had certain control effect on the distribution of niobium, REE ore. From north to south, the syenitecarbonatite complexes consist of three facies belts: edge phase, transition phase and center phase. The wall rock alteration of the complexes has many types such as carbonatization. sericitization, biotitization, albitization and flouritization. Combined with regional geological background and geological characteristics of the deposit, the authors suggest that the carbonate rocks formed after the syenite, has a close relation with the syenite magma, and think that the mineralization material may have come from syenite magmas intrusion, then underwent gas water hydrothermal metasomatism after magmatism period, that is, all kinds of carbonatization alteration impelled niobium and rare earth elements to be enriched and precipitated. Before and after the complexes formation, the complexes were obviously controlled by the tectonic action; the early formed shrinkage cracks in the rock and structural fractured zone created favorable condition for the gaswater hydrothermal metasomatism at the later stage; and the mineralization mostly emplaced in the mylonite of Yaolinghe group. Miaoya REE deposit was produced by the coupling of the syenitecarbonatite that was formed by volcanic eruptions and the Sinian Paleozoic lithostratigraphy during the process of thrustnapping of the syenitecarbonatite with the Sinian Paleozoic lithostratigraphy.

Key words: complexes, carbonatite, REE deposit, Miaoya

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