Cobalt occurrence and ore-forming process in the Chambishi deposit in the Zambian Copperbelt, Central Africa

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.1.25

Abstract

Abstract:

The Chambishi Cu-Co deposit is one of the important giant Cu-Co deposits in Copperbelt province, Zambia, Central Africa, consisting the Main, West and Southeast orebodies. Its ore-bearing horizon is mainly the Mindola and Kitwe formations of the Lower Roan group, and its lithology includes argillaceous slate, argillaceous quartzite, slate, quartz sandstone, etc. The existing data on the cobalt occurrence mode is relatively weak and the genesis of Co-bearing minerals is not well understood, which directly hinders cobalt prospecting in the deposit. Focusing on the Co-rich minerals in this study, we conducted EPMA, Micro-XRF and S isotope analyses to investigate the Co occurrence modes and formation mechanism of Co-bearing minerals, in the Chambishi deposit, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the future exploration of Co resources in the region. Our study shows that cobalt occurs as stand-alone minerals (mainly carrollite and linnaeite) or in Co-bearing minerals via isomorphism. In pyrite (Py2) and pyrrhotite formed from hydrothermal fluid, the cobalt content was up to 4.9% and 1.5%, respectively. Cobalt enrichment via isomorphism is evident by the inverse proportion between Co and Fe contents and by the relatively even distribution of Co components in the Co-bearing minerals. Moreover, the Co/Ni ratio in pyrite and pyrrhotite differs between the Chambishi deposit and skarn or other deposit types. Together with the hydrogen and oxygen isotope studies of fluid inclusions in the hydrothermal mineralization stage, it is implied that the Co-rich ore-forming fluid might not be magmatic-hydrothermal fluid but medium-high temperature metamorphic-hydrothermal fluid. The δ³⁴S values of bornite from the West orebody and pyrrhotite from the Southeast orebody were 6‰-6.9‰ and 7.2‰-12.6‰, respectively, indicating that thermochemical sulfate reduction is the main formation mechanism of reductive sulfur in the Chambishi deposit; the similar δ³⁴S values is also an indication of late metamorphism in the sulfide minerals. Based on this and previous studies, we suggest that the main mineralization stage of cobalt is closely related to the Lufilian orogeny. During the orogenic process, Co, Cu and other metal elements tend to enrich in the medium-high temperature metamorphic hydrothermal fluid. The hinge area formed by a NE-SW compression and the connecting area of specific strike faults can be the favorable prospecting targets for cobalt, and the pyrite-pyrrhotite assemblage in the hydrothermal veins can be used as mineral markers for cobalt prospecting.

Key words: Zambian Copperbelt, Chambishi, cobalt, occurrence status, ore-forming mechanism

CLC Number:

LU Yiguan, TU Jiarun, SUN Kai, QIN Peng, WANG Huaqing, HE Shengfei, ZHANG Hang, GONG Penghui, GUO Shuo, FANG Ke, HE Wenyan. Cobalt occurrence and ore-forming process in the Chambishi deposit in the Zambian Copperbelt, Central Africa[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(3): 338-354.

Figures/Tables 15

References 57

[1]	毛景文, 杨宗喜, 谢桂青, 等. 关键矿产:国际动向与思考[J]. 矿床地质, 2019, 38(4):689-698.
[2]	赵俊兴, 李光明, 秦克章, 等. 富含钴矿床研究进展与问题分析[J]. 科学通报, 2019, 64(24):2484-2500.
[3]	卢宜冠, 郝波, 孙凯, 等. 钴金属资源概况与资源利用情况分析[J]. 地质调查与研究, 2020, 43(1):72-80.
[4]	TAYLOR C D, CAUSEY J D, DENNING P, et al. Descriptive models, grade-tonnage relations, and databases for the assessment of sediment-hosted copper deposits: with emphasis on deposits in the Central Africa Copperbelt, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia: Chapter J in Global mineral resource assessment[R]. Reston: U. S. Geological Survey, 2013,2010-5090-J:1-154.
[5]	SILLITOE R H, PERELLÓ J, CREASER R A, et al. Age of the Zambian Copperbelt[J]. Mineralium Deposita, 2017, 52(8):1245-1268. DOI URL
[6]	GREYLING L N, ROBB L J, MASTER S, et al. The nature of early basinal fluids in the Zambian Copperbelt: a case study from the Chambishi deposit[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2005, 42(1/2/3/4/5):159-172. DOI URL
[7]	张东红, 肖波. 中部非洲沉积型铜-钴矿地质及找矿潜力[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2013: 1-141.
[8]	刘俊辰. 赞比亚铜带省谦比希铜矿地质特征和成因探讨[D]. 桂林: 桂林理工大学, 2016: 1-55.
[9]	胡乔帆, 冯佐海, 莫江平, 等. 赞比亚铜带省谦比希铜矿床成因: 来自流体包裹体和H-O-S同位素地球化学证据[J/OL]. 地球科学, 2021: 1-38. http://141.rm.cglhub.com/kcms/detail/42.1874.P.20201216.1333.002.html.
[10]	卢宜冠, 孙凯, 覃鹏, 等. 赞比亚铜带省谦比希盆地含矿地层地球化学特征、物源属性及其成矿地质背景研究[J]. 地质学报. DOI: 10.19762/j.cnki.dizhixuebao.2021022. DOI
[11]	方科, 胡乔帆, 李明君, 等. 赞比亚铜带省谦比希铜矿床东南矿区钼矿化特征[J]. 矿产与地质, 2019, 33(6):987-994.
[12]	覃鹏, 郝波, 方科, 等. 赞比亚铜带省谦比希铜矿床下盘铜钼矿化Re-Os年龄测定及地质意义[J]. 矿产与地质, 2019, 33(3):377-384.
[13]	SINGER D A. World class base and precious metal deposits; a quantitative analysis[J]. Economic Geology, 1995, 90(1):88-104. DOI URL
[14]	SCHULZ K J, DEYOUNG J H, SEAL R R, et al. Critical mineral resources of the United States: economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply[C]. Reston: U.S. Geological Survey. 2018.
[15]	SELLEY D, BROUGHTON D, SCOTT R, et al. A new look at the geology of the Zambian Copperbelt[C]. Littleton: Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume, 2005: 965-1000.
[16]	CAILTEUX J L H, DE PUTTER T. The Neoproterozoic Katanga Supergroup (DR Congo): state-of-the-art and revisions of the lithostratigraphy, sedimentary basin and geodynamic evolution[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2019, 150:522-531. DOI URL
[17]	BULL S, SELLEY D, BROUGHTON D, et al. Sequence and carbon isotopic stratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic Roan Group strata of the Zambian copperbelt[J]. Precambrian Research, 2011, 190(1/2/3/4):70-89. DOI URL
[18]	CAILTEUX J L H, KAMPUNZU A B, LEROUGE C, et al. Genesis of sediment-hosted stratiform copper-cobalt deposits, central African Copperbelt[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2005, 42(1/2/3/4/5):134-158. DOI URL
[19]	ARMSTRONG R A, MASTER S, ROBB L J. Geochronology of the Nchanga Granite, and constraints on the maximum age of the Katanga Supergroup, Zambian Copperbelt[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2005, 42(1/2/3/4/5):32-40. DOI URL
[20]	HITZMAN M W, BROUGHTON D, SELLEY D, et al. The Central African Copperbelt: diverse stratigraphic, structural, and temporal settings in the world’s largest sedimentary copper district[J]. Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication 16, 2012(19):487-514.
[21]	BARRON J W. The stratigraphy, metamorphism, and tectonic history of the Solwezi area, Northwest Province, Zambia: integrating geological field observations and airborne geophysics in the interpretation of regional geology[D]. Golden: Colorado School of Mines, 2003: 1-233.
[22]	刘春发. 赞比亚Chambishi矿区新元古代Roan群沉积作用及其对铜钴成矿的贡献[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2019: 1-137.
[23]	KEY R M, LIYUNGU A K, NJAMU F M, et al. The western arm of the Lufilian Arc in NW Zambia and its potential for copper mineralization[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2001, 33(3/4):503-528. DOI URL
[24]	LOFTUS-HILLS G, SOLOMON M. Cobalt, nickel and selenium in sulphides as indicators of ore genesis[J]. Mineralium Deposita, 1967, 2(3):228-242.
[25]	CAMPBELL F A, ETHIER V G. Nickel and cobalt in pyrrhotite and pyrite from the Faro and Sullivan orebodies[J]. The Canadian Mineralogist, 1984, 22(3):503-506.
[26]	BRALIA A, SABATINI G, TROJA F. A revaluation of the Co/Ni ratio in pyrite as geochemical tool in ore genesis problems[J]. Mineralium Deposita, 1979, 14(3):353-374.
[27]	杨镇, 杨立强, 刘江涛, 等. 云南羊拉铜矿床磁黄铁矿标型矿物学特征及成矿意义[J]. 岩石学报, 2014, 30(9):2669-2680.
[28]	卢静文, 彭晓蕾. 金属矿物显微镜鉴定手册[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2010: 109-110.
[29]	ARNOLD R G. Pyrrhotite phase relation below 304[J]. Economic Geology, 1969, 64(4):405-419. DOI URL
[30]	ARNOLD R G. Equilibrium relations between pyrrhotite and pyrite from 325 degrees to 743 degrees C[J]. Economic Geology, 1962, 57(1):72-90. DOI URL
[31]	张艳, 韩润生, 吴鹏, 等. 陆相砂岩型铜矿床矿物组合分带的logfO₂-logfS₂相图: 以云南大姚六苴铜矿床为例[J]. 矿物岩石, 2013, 33(2):35-42.
[32]	LARGE R R, HALPIN J A, DANYUSHEVSKY L V, et al. Trace element content of sedimentary pyrite as a new proxy for deep-time ocean-atmosphere evolution[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2014, 389:209-220. DOI URL
[33]	BRILL B A. Trace-element contents and partitioning of elements in ore minerals from the CSA Cu-Pb-Zn deposit, Australia, and implications for ore genesis[J]. The Canadian Mineralogist, 1989, 27(2):263-274.
[34]	冷成彪. 滇西北红山铜多金属矿床的成因类型: 黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿LA-ICPMS微量元素制约[J]. 地学前缘, 2017, 24(6):162-175.
[35]	丁奎首, 秦克章, 许英霞, 等. 东天山主要铜镍矿床中磁黄铁矿的矿物标型特征及其成矿意义[J]. 矿床地质, 2007(1):109-119.
[36]	代鸿章, 刘家军, 朱文兵. 云南因民铜矿床构造沉积环境及成矿机制研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2018, 25(1):108-124.
[37]	OHMOTO H. Systematics of sulfur and carbon isotopes in hydrothermal ore deposits[J]. Economic Geology, 1972, 67(5):551-578. DOI URL
[38]	OHMOTO H. Stable isotope geochemistry of ore deposit[J]. Review in Mineralogy, 1986, 16(1):491-559.
[39]	MACHEL H G, KROUSE H R, SASSEN R. Products and distinguishing criteria of bacterial and thermochemical sulfate reduction[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 1995, 10(4):373-389. DOI URL
[40]	SEAL R R. Sulfur isotope geochemistry of sulfide minerals[J]. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 2006, 61(1):633-677. DOI URL
[41]	DECHOW E, JENSEN M L. Sulfur isotopes of some central African sulfide deposits[J]. Economic Geology, 1965, 60(5):894-941. DOI URL
[42]	郑永飞, 徐宝龙, 周根陶. 矿物稳定同位素地球化学研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2000(2):299-320.
[43]	CLAYPOOL G E, HOLSER W T, KAPLAN I R, et al. The age curves of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in marine sulfate and their mutual interpretation[J]. Chemical Geology, 1980, 28:199-260. DOI URL
[44]	HURTGEN M T, ARTHUR M A, SUITS N S, et al. The sulfur isotopic composition of Neoproterozoic seawater sulfate: implications for a snowball Earth?[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2002, 203(1):413-429. DOI URL
[45]	EL DESOUKY H A, MUCHEZ P, BOYCE A J, et al. Genesis of sediment-hosted stratiform copper-cobalt mineralization at Luiswishi and Kamoto, Katanga Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo)[J]. Mineralium Deposita, 2010, 45(8):735-763. DOI URL
[46]	ANNELS A E. Ore genesis in the Zambian Copperbelt, with particular reference to the northern sector of the Chambishi basin[C]. Montreal: Geological Association of Canada. Special Paper 36, 1989: 427-452.
[47]	MCGOWAN R R, ROBERTS S, FOSTER R P, et al. Origin of the copper-cobalt deposits of the Zambian copperbelt: an epigenetic view from Nchanga[J]. Geology, 2003, 31(6):497-500. DOI URL
[48]	BARRA F, BROUGHTON D, RUIZ J, HITZMAN M. Multi-stage mineralization in the Zambian copperbelt based on Re-Os isotope constraints[C]. Denver: Geological Society of America Abstract Programs, 2004, 36:516.
[49]	CROAKER M. The geology of the Nkana-Mindola sediment-hosted Copper Cobalt deposit, Zambian copperbelt, Zambia[D]. Hobart: University of Tasmania. 2011: 1-363.
[50]	MUCHEZ P, ANDRÉ-MAYER A S, DEWAELE S, et al. Discussion: age of the Zambian copperbelt[J]. Mineralium Deposita, 2017, 52(8):1269-1271. DOI URL
[51]	BOWMAN S. Geochronology, isotope geochemistry, and molybdenum distribution in the Central African copperbelt: examples from Chibuluma West, Kamoa, and Kipushi[D]. Edmonton: University of Alberta, 2019: 1-175.
[52]	RAINAUD C, MASTER S, ARMSTRONG R A, et al. Monazite U-Pb dating and ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar thermochronology of metamorphic events in the Central African copperbelt during the Pan-African Lufilian Orogeny[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2005, 42(1/2/3/4/5):183-199. DOI URL
[53]	JOHN T, SCHENK V, MEZGER K, et al. Timing and PT evolution of whiteschist metamorphism in the Lufilian Arc-Zambezi Belt orogen (Zambia): implications for the assembly of Gondwana[J]. The Journal of Geology, 2004, 112(1):71-90. DOI URL
[54]	古阿雷, 王杰, 任军平, 等. 赞比亚中部泛非期Hook岩基地质特征及成矿潜力分析[J]. 地质调查与研究, 2020, 43(1):63-71.
[55]	郭健, 牛斯达, 孙赫, 等. 赞比亚砂(页)岩型铜矿成矿年龄及其成因意义[J]. 地质与勘探, 2018, 54(3):634-644.
[56]	TORREMANS K, MUCHEZ P, SINTUBIN M. Non-cylindrical parasitic folding and strain partitioning during the Pan-African Lufilian orogeny in the Chambishi-Nkana Basin, Central African copperbelt[J]. Solid Earth, 2018, 9(4):1011-1033. DOI URL
[57]	MUCHEZ P, MINNEN M, DEWAELE S, et al. The geology of the Mufulira deposit: implications for the metallogenesis of arenite-hosted ore deposits in the Central African copperbelt[M]. Washington DC: American Geophsical Union, 2019: 57-74.

编号	矿体名称		矿石构造		矿物名称		w_B/%
编号	矿体名称		矿石构造		矿物名称		As		Se		Au		Mo		S		Ag		Sn		Sb		Te		Mn		Fe		Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Total
QBXDN-1-2-4	谦比希东南		层状/脉状		黄铜矿		0.292		-		-		0.317		33.557		0.002		-		0.009		-		-		30.44		0.044	0.007	34.324	-	98.992
QBXDN-1-2-6	谦比希东南		层状/脉状		黄铜矿		0.315		-		-		0.294		33.73		-		-		0.004		-		-		30.405		0.036	-	34.576	0.026	99.386
QBXDN-4-1-2	谦比希东南		团块状		黄铜矿		0.243		0.009		0.02		0.296		32.893		0.003		-		0.01		0.004		-		29.193		0.044	-	32.557	0.166	95.438
QBXDN-4-1-4	谦比希东南		团块状		黄铜矿		0.323		0.007		0.003		0.34		34.787		-		0.001		0.002		0.029		0.001		30.841		0.045	0.009	33.788	0.127	100.303
QBXDN-5-3-9	谦比希东南		脉状		黄铜矿		0.304		0.011		0.06		0.301		35.2		0.005		-		0.005		-		-		30.038		0.029	-	32.643	0.04	98.636
QBXDN-18-1-0	谦比希东南		浸染状		黄铜矿		0.277		-		-		0.355		34.876		0.008		-		-		0.003		-		30.241		0.035	0.016	33.98	0.047	99.838
QBXDN-18-2-3	谦比希东南		浸染状		黄铜矿		0.298		-		0.029		0.363		35.546		-		-		-		0.01		-		30.628		0.022	-	34.602	0.037	101.535
QBXDN-18-2-6	谦比希东南		浸染状		黄铜矿		0.284		-		-		0.373		35.46		-		-		-		-		0.001		30.58		0.031	-	34.646	0.101	101.476
QBXDN-19-1-1	谦比希东南		浸染状		黄铜矿		0.311		0.018		-		0.276		33.726		-		-		0.001		-		0.01		30.198		0.061	0.001	32.871	0.09	97.563
QBXDN-19-2-5	谦比希东南		浸染状		黄铜矿		0.311		-		-		0.308		33.458		0.016		-		0.004		-		-		30.243		0.054	0.014	33.498	0.055	97.961
QBXX-3-2-4	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.26		-		0.039		0.306		34.204		-		0.009		0.012		0.011		-		29.725		0.027	-	34.06	0.027	98.68
QBXX-3-2-4B	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.335		-		0.018		0.419		34.777		0.002		-		-		0.015		-		29.977		0.022	-	34.496	0.031	100.092
QBXX-3-2-6	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.261		-		-		0.34		34.24		0.006		-		0.002		0.006		0.011		29.278		0.008	-	33.151	-	97.303
QBXX-8-1-2	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.334		0.014		0.023		0.285		35.156		-		-		-		-		-		29.752		0.024	-	33.586	0.01	99.184
QBXX-8-2-5	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.299		-		0.014		0.395		35.035		-		-		-		0.009		-		30.106		-	-	33.513	0.05	99.421
QBXX-8-3-7	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.267		-		0.066		0.335		34.523		0.002		-		-		0.005		0.009		29.598		0.009	-	33.156	0.019	97.989
QBXX-10-2-6	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.257		0.031		0.014		0.304		34.551		0.025		-		0.011		-		0.001		30.144		0.03	-	33.371	0.066	98.805
QBXX-10-3-7	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.269		0.009		-		0.382		34.661		-		-		-		-		0.005		30.367		0.061	-	33.459	0.129	99.342
QBXX-3-1-2	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.119		0.015		-		0.303		26.291		0.049		-		0.009		0.025		-		10.797		-	-	62.422	0.056	100.086
QBXX-3-2-3	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.12		-		-		0.246		25.78		0.044		0.002		0.002		-		-		10.944		0.012	-	62.687	0.013	99.85
QBXX-3-2-5	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.122		-		0.005		0.253		25.775		0.043		-		0.015		-		0.027		10.801		0.014	-	60.795	0.035	97.885
QBXX-8-1-3	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.168		-		-		0.257		26.693		0.029		-		0.01		0.005		-		11.249		0.254	-	60.313	0.024	99.002
QBXX-8-2-4	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.178		-		-		0.234		26.446		0.032		-		0.007		-		0.02		11.411		0.031	-	59.897	0.022	98.278
QBXX-8-3-6	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.165		-		-		0.286		25.481		0.025		-		-		0.011		-		10.693		0.008	-	57.595	0.115	94.379
QBXX-10-1-2	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.152		0.03		-		0.23		25.707		0.058		0.009		0.014		0.004		-		11.233		0.021	-	62.189	0.096	99.743
QBXX-10-2-5	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.124		-		0.003		0.227		25.587		0.032		-		0.006		0.009		0.012		10.316		-	-	61.024	0.057	97.397
QBXX-10-3-8	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.146		-		0.019		0.205		26.222		0.03		-		0.025		-		0.017		11.035		0.002	-	60.584	0.057	98.342
QBXDN-1-2-3	谦比希东南		层状/脉状		磁黄铁矿		0.608		-		-		0.342		38.29		0.016		0.003		-		0.01		-		59.256		0.294	-	-	0.017	98.836
QBXDN-1-2-5	谦比希东南		层状/脉状		磁黄铁矿		0.565		0.005		0.009		0.417		37.486		-		-		0.001		0.005		0.001		59.944		0.383	-	0.037	-	98.853
编号	矿体名称	矿石构造		矿物名称		w_B/%
编号	矿体名称	矿石构造		矿物名称		As		Se		Au		Mo		S		Ag		Sn		Sb		Te		Mn		Fe		Co		Ni	Cu	Zn	Total
QBXDN-1-3-15	谦比希东南	层状/脉状		磁黄铁矿		0.592		-		-		0.354		37.755		-		-		-		0.026		-		59.217		1.515		0.129	0.079	0.031	99.698
QBXDN-1-3-7	谦比希东南	层状/脉状		磁黄铁矿		0.505		-		0.015		0.382		37.563		-		-		0.003		0.008		-		59.857		0.469		0.013	-	0.079	98.894
QBXDN-4-1-3	谦比希东南	团块状		磁黄铁矿		0.556		0.021		0.038		0.353		38.394		-		-		0.017		0.009		-		60.258		0.163		-	-	0.014	99.823
QBXDN-4-1-6	谦比希东南	团块状		磁黄铁矿		0.472		0.028		-		0.333		38.567		0.034		-		0.001		0.006		-		60.833		0.238		0.027	-	-	100.539
QBXDN-5-2-4	谦比希东南	脉状		磁黄铁矿		0.47		0		-		0.319		39.616		-		-		-		0.007		-		58.268		1.25		0.063	0.035	0.025	100.053
QBXDN-5-3-10	谦比希东南	脉状		磁黄铁矿		0.489		0		0.01		0.382		40.044		0.013		-		-		-		-		59.408		0.391		0.07	-	0.074	100.881
QBXDN-19-1-3	谦比希东南	浸染状		磁黄铁矿		0.622		0.009		-		0.347		37.664		-		-		-		-		0.016		59.594		0.221		0.026	-	-	98.499
QBXDN-19-2-4	谦比希东南	浸染状		磁黄铁矿		0.566		0.008		-		0.321		37.903		0.004		-		-		0.003		0.004		59.246		0.43		0.038	0.019	-	98.542
QBXDN-5-1-1	谦比希东南	脉状		黄铁矿		0.556		0.018		-		0.461		53.614		-		-		0.007		0.001		-		41.865		4.619		-	0.005	-	101.146
QBXDN-5-1-2	谦比希东南	脉状		黄铁矿		1.073		0.012		-		0.425		53.654		0.004		0.084		0.008		-		0.02		41.493		4.943		-	-	0.007	101.723
QBXDN-5-1-3	谦比希东南	脉状		黄铁矿		0.717		-		0.005		0.433		53.556		-		-		-		-		-		42.577		4.349		-	0.01	-	101.647
QBXDN-5-2-5	谦比希东南	脉状		黄铁矿		0.365		0.017		0.013		0.458		53.806		0.005		-		-		0.034		-		42.531		4.406		0.034	0.023	-	101.692
QBXDN-5-2-6	谦比希东南	脉状		黄铁矿		0.516		-		-		0.437		53.73		-		-		-		0.008		-		42.667		3.783		0.001	0.016	0.069	101.227
QBXDN-5-2-7	谦比希东南	脉状		黄铁矿		0.272		-		-		0.426		53.318		0.017		-		-		0.002		-		42.207		4.489		-	-	-	100.731
QBXDN-5-3-8	谦比希东南	脉状		黄铁矿		0.327		-		0.01		0.455		53.869		0.004		-		-		-		-		41.877		4.357		0.003	0.042	0.04	100.984
QBXDN-18-1-1	谦比希东南	浸染状		黄铁矿		0.346		-		-		0.452		54.199		0.01		-		-		0.016		0.003		46.566		0.069		-	0.017	0.038	101.716
QBXDN-18-1-2	谦比希东南	浸染状		黄铁矿		0.348		0.031		0.038		0.467		54.949		0.001		-		-		0.017		-		47.284		0.056		0.051	0.063	0.031	103.336
QBXDN-18-2-4	谦比希东南	浸染状		黄铁矿		0.38		-		-		0.454		55.32		-		-		0.013		-		-		46.682		0.075		0.044	0.206	0.017	103.191
QBXDN-18-2-5	谦比希东南	浸染状		黄铁矿		0.448		0.02		-		0.493		54.916		0.003		-		-		-		0.003		46.927		0.067		-	0.252	0.08	103.209
QBXDN-1-2-13	谦比希东南	层状/脉状		硫钴矿		0.039		0.009		0.01		0.278		32.133		-		-		0.003		0.009		0.023		4.967		59.923		3.532	0.012	-	100.938
QBXDN-1-2-14	谦比希东南	层状/脉状		硫钴矿		0.023		-		-		0.313		32.914		-		0.017		0.018		-		0.002		4.834		60.251		2.813	0.05	-	101.235
QBXDN-4-1-1	谦比希东南	团块状		硫钴矿		0.018		0.036		-		0.322		32.713		-		0.012		0.034		-		-		4.926		60.688		2.728	0.021	-	101.498
QBXDN-4-1-5	谦比希东南	团块状		硫钴矿		0.014		0.043		-		0.286		33.23		0.001		-		-		-		0.01		4.675		61.517		2.329	-	-	102.105
QBXDN-19-1-2	谦比希东南	浸染状		硫钴矿		0.064		0.032		-		0.269		31.96		0.008		0.006		-		0.003		0.002		7.696		57.328		0.491	-	-	97.859
QBXDN-19-2-6	谦比希东南	浸染状		硫钴矿		0.01		0.086		-		0.507		40.601		-		0.01		0.004		-		-		2.46		48.232		3.348	2.825	-	98.083
QBXDN-1-2-12	谦比希东南	层状/脉状		硫铜钴矿		0.096		0.028		0.028		0.272		30.611		0.008		-		-		0.019		-		8.58		45.879		2.243	8.742	-	96.506
QBXX-3-1-1	谦比希西	团块状		硫铜钴矿		-		-		-		0.358		41.828		0.02		0.01		-		-		0.017		0.154		44.336		0.833	12.949	-	100.505
QBXX-8-1-1	谦比希西	团块状		硫铜钴矿		-		0.014		0.024		0.331		42.286		0.004		-		0.034		-		0.008		0.15		44.085		1.552	12.388	-	100.876
QBXX-10-1-1	谦比希西	团块状		硫铜钴矿		0.015		0.028		0.012		0.36		39.73		0.017		-		0.025		-		-		1.233		37.021		2.469	18.378	-	99.288
QBXX-10-2-3	谦比希西	团块状		硫铜钴矿		0.003		0.023		-		0.329		41.656		0.003		-		0.025		0.021		-		0.173		43.378		2.155	13.117	-	100.883
QBXX-10-2-4	谦比希西	团块状		硫铜钴矿		-		0.007		-		0.337		41.895		0.001		0.001		0.003		0.011		0.006		0.065		43.571		2.3	12.611	-	100.808

编号	矿体名称		矿石构造		矿物名称		w_B/%
编号	矿体名称		矿石构造		矿物名称		As		Se		Au		Mo		S		Ag		Sn		Sb		Te		Mn		Fe		Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Total
QBXDN-1-2-4	谦比希东南		层状/脉状		黄铜矿		0.292		-		-		0.317		33.557		0.002		-		0.009		-		-		30.44		0.044	0.007	34.324	-	98.992
QBXDN-1-2-6	谦比希东南		层状/脉状		黄铜矿		0.315		-		-		0.294		33.73		-		-		0.004		-		-		30.405		0.036	-	34.576	0.026	99.386
QBXDN-4-1-2	谦比希东南		团块状		黄铜矿		0.243		0.009		0.02		0.296		32.893		0.003		-		0.01		0.004		-		29.193		0.044	-	32.557	0.166	95.438
QBXDN-4-1-4	谦比希东南		团块状		黄铜矿		0.323		0.007		0.003		0.34		34.787		-		0.001		0.002		0.029		0.001		30.841		0.045	0.009	33.788	0.127	100.303
QBXDN-5-3-9	谦比希东南		脉状		黄铜矿		0.304		0.011		0.06		0.301		35.2		0.005		-		0.005		-		-		30.038		0.029	-	32.643	0.04	98.636
QBXDN-18-1-0	谦比希东南		浸染状		黄铜矿		0.277		-		-		0.355		34.876		0.008		-		-		0.003		-		30.241		0.035	0.016	33.98	0.047	99.838
QBXDN-18-2-3	谦比希东南		浸染状		黄铜矿		0.298		-		0.029		0.363		35.546		-		-		-		0.01		-		30.628		0.022	-	34.602	0.037	101.535
QBXDN-18-2-6	谦比希东南		浸染状		黄铜矿		0.284		-		-		0.373		35.46		-		-		-		-		0.001		30.58		0.031	-	34.646	0.101	101.476
QBXDN-19-1-1	谦比希东南		浸染状		黄铜矿		0.311		0.018		-		0.276		33.726		-		-		0.001		-		0.01		30.198		0.061	0.001	32.871	0.09	97.563
QBXDN-19-2-5	谦比希东南		浸染状		黄铜矿		0.311		-		-		0.308		33.458		0.016		-		0.004		-		-		30.243		0.054	0.014	33.498	0.055	97.961
QBXX-3-2-4	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.26		-		0.039		0.306		34.204		-		0.009		0.012		0.011		-		29.725		0.027	-	34.06	0.027	98.68
QBXX-3-2-4B	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.335		-		0.018		0.419		34.777		0.002		-		-		0.015		-		29.977		0.022	-	34.496	0.031	100.092
QBXX-3-2-6	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.261		-		-		0.34		34.24		0.006		-		0.002		0.006		0.011		29.278		0.008	-	33.151	-	97.303
QBXX-8-1-2	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.334		0.014		0.023		0.285		35.156		-		-		-		-		-		29.752		0.024	-	33.586	0.01	99.184
QBXX-8-2-5	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.299		-		0.014		0.395		35.035		-		-		-		0.009		-		30.106		-	-	33.513	0.05	99.421
QBXX-8-3-7	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.267		-		0.066		0.335		34.523		0.002		-		-		0.005		0.009		29.598		0.009	-	33.156	0.019	97.989
QBXX-10-2-6	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.257		0.031		0.014		0.304		34.551		0.025		-		0.011		-		0.001		30.144		0.03	-	33.371	0.066	98.805
QBXX-10-3-7	谦比希西		团块状		黄铜矿		0.269		0.009		-		0.382		34.661		-		-		-		-		0.005		30.367		0.061	-	33.459	0.129	99.342
QBXX-3-1-2	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.119		0.015		-		0.303		26.291		0.049		-		0.009		0.025		-		10.797		-	-	62.422	0.056	100.086
QBXX-3-2-3	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.12		-		-		0.246		25.78		0.044		0.002		0.002		-		-		10.944		0.012	-	62.687	0.013	99.85
QBXX-3-2-5	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.122		-		0.005		0.253		25.775		0.043		-		0.015		-		0.027		10.801		0.014	-	60.795	0.035	97.885
QBXX-8-1-3	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.168		-		-		0.257		26.693		0.029		-		0.01		0.005		-		11.249		0.254	-	60.313	0.024	99.002
QBXX-8-2-4	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.178		-		-		0.234		26.446		0.032		-		0.007		-		0.02		11.411		0.031	-	59.897	0.022	98.278
QBXX-8-3-6	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.165		-		-		0.286		25.481		0.025		-		-		0.011		-		10.693		0.008	-	57.595	0.115	94.379
QBXX-10-1-2	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.152		0.03		-		0.23		25.707		0.058		0.009		0.014		0.004		-		11.233		0.021	-	62.189	0.096	99.743
QBXX-10-2-5	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.124		-		0.003		0.227		25.587		0.032		-		0.006		0.009		0.012		10.316		-	-	61.024	0.057	97.397
QBXX-10-3-8	谦比希西		团块状		斑铜矿		0.146		-		0.019		0.205		26.222		0.03		-		0.025		-		0.017		11.035		0.002	-	60.584	0.057	98.342
QBXDN-1-2-3	谦比希东南		层状/脉状		磁黄铁矿		0.608		-		-		0.342		38.29		0.016		0.003		-		0.01		-		59.256		0.294	-	-	0.017	98.836
QBXDN-1-2-5	谦比希东南		层状/脉状		磁黄铁矿		0.565		0.005		0.009		0.417		37.486		-		-		0.001		0.005		0.001		59.944		0.383	-	0.037	-	98.853
编号	矿体名称	矿石构造		矿物名称		w_B/%
编号	矿体名称	矿石构造		矿物名称		As		Se		Au		Mo		S		Ag		Sn		Sb		Te		Mn		Fe		Co		Ni	Cu	Zn	Total
QBXDN-1-3-15	谦比希东南	层状/脉状		磁黄铁矿		0.592		-		-		0.354		37.755		-		-		-		0.026		-		59.217		1.515		0.129	0.079	0.031	99.698
QBXDN-1-3-7	谦比希东南	层状/脉状		磁黄铁矿		0.505		-		0.015		0.382		37.563		-		-		0.003		0.008		-		59.857		0.469		0.013	-	0.079	98.894
QBXDN-4-1-3	谦比希东南	团块状		磁黄铁矿		0.556		0.021		0.038		0.353		38.394		-		-		0.017		0.009		-		60.258		0.163		-	-	0.014	99.823
QBXDN-4-1-6	谦比希东南	团块状		磁黄铁矿		0.472		0.028		-		0.333		38.567		0.034		-		0.001		0.006		-		60.833		0.238		0.027	-	-	100.539
QBXDN-5-2-4	谦比希东南	脉状		磁黄铁矿		0.47		0		-		0.319		39.616		-		-		-		0.007		-		58.268		1.25		0.063	0.035	0.025	100.053
QBXDN-5-3-10	谦比希东南	脉状		磁黄铁矿		0.489		0		0.01		0.382		40.044		0.013		-		-		-		-		59.408		0.391		0.07	-	0.074	100.881
QBXDN-19-1-3	谦比希东南	浸染状		磁黄铁矿		0.622		0.009		-		0.347		37.664		-		-		-		-		0.016		59.594		0.221		0.026	-	-	98.499
QBXDN-19-2-4	谦比希东南	浸染状		磁黄铁矿		0.566		0.008		-		0.321		37.903		0.004		-		-		0.003		0.004		59.246		0.43		0.038	0.019	-	98.542
QBXDN-5-1-1	谦比希东南	脉状		黄铁矿		0.556		0.018		-		0.461		53.614		-		-		0.007		0.001		-		41.865		4.619		-	0.005	-	101.146
QBXDN-5-1-2	谦比希东南	脉状		黄铁矿		1.073		0.012		-		0.425		53.654		0.004		0.084		0.008		-		0.02		41.493		4.943		-	-	0.007	101.723
QBXDN-5-1-3	谦比希东南	脉状		黄铁矿		0.717		-		0.005		0.433		53.556		-		-		-		-		-		42.577		4.349		-	0.01	-	101.647
QBXDN-5-2-5	谦比希东南	脉状		黄铁矿		0.365		0.017		0.013		0.458		53.806		0.005		-		-		0.034		-		42.531		4.406		0.034	0.023	-	101.692
QBXDN-5-2-6	谦比希东南	脉状		黄铁矿		0.516		-		-		0.437		53.73		-		-		-		0.008		-		42.667		3.783		0.001	0.016	0.069	101.227
QBXDN-5-2-7	谦比希东南	脉状		黄铁矿		0.272		-		-		0.426		53.318		0.017		-		-		0.002		-		42.207		4.489		-	-	-	100.731
QBXDN-5-3-8	谦比希东南	脉状		黄铁矿		0.327		-		0.01		0.455		53.869		0.004		-		-		-		-		41.877		4.357		0.003	0.042	0.04	100.984
QBXDN-18-1-1	谦比希东南	浸染状		黄铁矿		0.346		-		-		0.452		54.199		0.01		-		-		0.016		0.003		46.566		0.069		-	0.017	0.038	101.716
QBXDN-18-1-2	谦比希东南	浸染状		黄铁矿		0.348		0.031		0.038		0.467		54.949		0.001		-		-		0.017		-		47.284		0.056		0.051	0.063	0.031	103.336
QBXDN-18-2-4	谦比希东南	浸染状		黄铁矿		0.38		-		-		0.454		55.32		-		-		0.013		-		-		46.682		0.075		0.044	0.206	0.017	103.191
QBXDN-18-2-5	谦比希东南	浸染状		黄铁矿		0.448		0.02		-		0.493		54.916		0.003		-		-		-		0.003		46.927		0.067		-	0.252	0.08	103.209
QBXDN-1-2-13	谦比希东南	层状/脉状		硫钴矿		0.039		0.009		0.01		0.278		32.133		-		-		0.003		0.009		0.023		4.967		59.923		3.532	0.012	-	100.938
QBXDN-1-2-14	谦比希东南	层状/脉状		硫钴矿		0.023		-		-		0.313		32.914		-		0.017		0.018		-		0.002		4.834		60.251		2.813	0.05	-	101.235
QBXDN-4-1-1	谦比希东南	团块状		硫钴矿		0.018		0.036		-		0.322		32.713		-		0.012		0.034		-		-		4.926		60.688		2.728	0.021	-	101.498
QBXDN-4-1-5	谦比希东南	团块状		硫钴矿		0.014		0.043		-		0.286		33.23		0.001		-		-		-		0.01		4.675		61.517		2.329	-	-	102.105
QBXDN-19-1-2	谦比希东南	浸染状		硫钴矿		0.064		0.032		-		0.269		31.96		0.008		0.006		-		0.003		0.002		7.696		57.328		0.491	-	-	97.859
QBXDN-19-2-6	谦比希东南	浸染状		硫钴矿		0.01		0.086		-		0.507		40.601		-		0.01		0.004		-		-		2.46		48.232		3.348	2.825	-	98.083
QBXDN-1-2-12	谦比希东南	层状/脉状		硫铜钴矿		0.096		0.028		0.028		0.272		30.611		0.008		-		-		0.019		-		8.58		45.879		2.243	8.742	-	96.506
QBXX-3-1-1	谦比希西	团块状		硫铜钴矿		-		-		-		0.358		41.828		0.02		0.01		-		-		0.017		0.154		44.336		0.833	12.949	-	100.505
QBXX-8-1-1	谦比希西	团块状		硫铜钴矿		-		0.014		0.024		0.331		42.286		0.004		-		0.034		-		0.008		0.15		44.085		1.552	12.388	-	100.876
QBXX-10-1-1	谦比希西	团块状		硫铜钴矿		0.015		0.028		0.012		0.36		39.73		0.017		-		0.025		-		-		1.233		37.021		2.469	18.378	-	99.288
QBXX-10-2-3	谦比希西	团块状		硫铜钴矿		0.003		0.023		-		0.329		41.656		0.003		-		0.025		0.021		-		0.173		43.378		2.155	13.117	-	100.883
QBXX-10-2-4	谦比希西	团块状		硫铜钴矿		-		0.007		-		0.337		41.895		0.001		0.001		0.003		0.011		0.006		0.065		43.571		2.3	12.611	-	100.808

矿体	样品号	矿石构造	矿物	δ³⁴S_V-CDT/‰
谦比希西	QBXX-1	团块状	斑铜矿	6.9
谦比希西	QBXX-3	团块状	斑铜矿	6.7
谦比希西	QBXX-5	团块状	斑铜矿	6.0
谦比希西	QBXX-7	团块状	斑铜矿	6.5
谦比希东南	QBXDN-1	脉状	磁黄铁矿	8.0
谦比希东南	QBXDN-5	脉状	磁黄铁矿	10.9
谦比希东南	QBXDN-10	脉状	磁黄铁矿	12.6
谦比希东南	QBXDN-12	脉状	磁黄铁矿	11.2
谦比希东南	QBXDN-16	脉状	磁黄铁矿	7.2

矿体	样品号	矿石构造	矿物	δ³⁴S_V-CDT/‰
谦比希西	QBXX-1	团块状	斑铜矿	6.9
谦比希西	QBXX-3	团块状	斑铜矿	6.7
谦比希西	QBXX-5	团块状	斑铜矿	6.0
谦比希西	QBXX-7	团块状	斑铜矿	6.5
谦比希东南	QBXDN-1	脉状	磁黄铁矿	8.0
谦比希东南	QBXDN-5	脉状	磁黄铁矿	10.9
谦比希东南	QBXDN-10	脉状	磁黄铁矿	12.6
谦比希东南	QBXDN-12	脉状	磁黄铁矿	11.2
谦比希东南	QBXDN-16	脉状	磁黄铁矿	7.2