地学前缘 ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 46-57.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.9.4

• 古灾害链 • 上一篇    下一篇

青藏高原东北缘黄河上游滑坡与堰塞湖研究进展

殷志强1(), 魏刚2,3,*(), 秦小光4, 李文娟1, 赵无忌5   

  1. 1.中国地质环境监测院, 北京 100081
    2.青海省环境地质勘查局, 青海 西宁 810007
    3.青海省环境地质重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810007
    4.中国科学院 地质与地球物理研究所, 北京 100029
    5.滨州学院, 山东 滨州 256600
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-17 修回日期:2020-08-25 出版日期:2021-03-25 发布日期:2021-04-03
  • 通讯作者: 魏刚
  • 作者简介:殷志强(1980—),男,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事第四纪地质环境演变研究。E-mail: Yinzq@cigem.cn
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技计划项目(2018-ZJ-714);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1504704);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1501005);国家自然科学基金项目(41977258);国家自然科学基金项目(41731287);国家自然科学基金项目(41372333)

Research progress on landslides and dammed lakes in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, northeastern Tibetan Plateau

YIN Zhiqiang1(), WEI Gang2,3,*(), QIN Xiaoguang4, LI Wenjuan1, ZHAO Wuji5   

  1. 1. China Institute of Geo-environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
    2. Qinghai Environmental Geological Prospecting Bureau, Xining 810007, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Qinghai Environmental Geology, Xining 810007, China
    4. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    5. Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, China
  • Received:2020-06-17 Revised:2020-08-25 Online:2021-03-25 Published:2021-04-03
  • Contact: WEI Gang

摘要:

随着黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展上升为国家战略,滑坡灾害防治成为迫切需要攻克的基础性问题。另外,黄河上游地区因地形高差大、古地震及强降雨事件频繁,诱发的滑坡及滑坡堰塞湖数量多、分布广、危害重,是近年来滑坡发育和演化机制以及滑坡堰塞湖溃决效应研究的热点。本文在综合整理该地区已有研究工作的基础上,结合笔者研究团队近20年来所获得的滑坡调查评价、测试分析和防灾减灾研究成果,系统归纳了黄河上游地区滑坡调查与风险评价、滑坡时空展布规律及主控因素研究、典型滑坡堰塞湖的续存时长及溃决危害、古滑坡堆积体开发利用及防灾减灾等方面的研究进展和成果,提出了未来在该地区研究古滑坡、堰塞湖沉积与河流阶地以及堰塞湖溃决效应等应关注的4个科学问题。研究结果对于揭示黄河上游地质历史时期滑坡发育和堰塞湖形成的主控因素,探讨滑坡发育的动力机制对地震和降雨的响应过程,拓展第四纪地质学在古滑坡形成演变方面的应用研究等具有重要参考价值。

关键词: 滑坡, 滑坡堰塞湖, 时空展布特征, 主控因素, 黄河上游

Abstract:

As ecological protection and high quality development of the Yellow River Basin become part of a national strategy, prevention and control of landslide disasters in this region has become the fundamental problem that needs to be resolved urgently. Large variation in terrain elevation has historically caused frequent earthquakes and heavy rainfalls, which resulted in a wide distribution of highly hazardous ancient landslides and landslide-dammed lakes. In recent years, this region has become a hotspot for studying the development and evolutionary mechanisms of landslides and the effect of landslide-dammed lake outbursts. In this contribution, we summed up seven major research progress in the region based on a comprehensive review of our own study results over the past 20 years, including landslide surveys and evaluations, test analysis reports, and disaster prevention and mitigation outcomes, combined with published studies by other researchers. The areas of progress include investigation and risk assessment of ancient landslides, temporo-spatial distribution of landslides and its controlling factors, duration and damage of typical ancient landslide-dammed lakes, utilization of ancient landslide deposits, and landslide disaster prevention and mitigation. We also identified four scientific problems that merit additional attention in future researches on the ancient landslides, dammed-lake deposits, river terraces, and effect of dammed lake outburst in the region. This contribution provides a valuable reference for revealing the primary controlling factors of landslide development and dammed lake formation during the geological history of the upper Yellow River, exploring the dynamic mechanisms of landslide development and landslide response to earthquakes and rain falls, and expanding the role of Quaternary geology in applied research on the evolution of ancient landslides.

Key words: landslides, dammed lakes, spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, key triggering factor, upper reaches of the Yellow River

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