地学前缘 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 283-295.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.10.27

• 深部水文地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆地热资源分布、成因及开发利用方向:第三次新疆综合科学考察地热科考成果综述

孔彦龙1(), 董远卓1, 叶灿滔2, 程远志1, 乃尉华3, 庞忠和1, 马伟斌2, 张健4, 龚宇烈2, 李义曼1, 姜光政5, 王迎春5, 古丽波斯坦·吐逊江6, 田小明2, 李棱雪2, 师德扬3, 张程凯3, 田逸楠3, 李斌3, 陈锋3, 张磊3, 王珂7, 任亚倩1, 张伟尊1, 罗冠中1, 段佳斌1, 陈娅奎1, 张小雷1, 汪集暘1   

  1. 1.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 岩石圈演化与环境演变全国重点实验室, 北京 100029
    2.中国科学院广州能源研究所, 广东 广州 510640
    3.新疆维吾尔自治区地质局水文环境地质调查中心, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
    4.中国科学院大学 地球与行星科学学院, 北京 100049
    5.成都理工大学 能源学院, 四川 成都 610059
    6.新疆工程学院 矿业工程与地质学院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830023
    7.北京市科学技术研究院 新材料与先进制造研究所, 北京 100089
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-12 修回日期:2025-10-20 出版日期:2026-11-25 发布日期:2025-11-10
  • 作者简介:孔彦龙(1987—),男,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事地热地质学研究。E-mail: ylkong@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk1304)

The distribution, genesis and utilization directions of geothermal resources in Xinjiang: A summary of the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program to geothermal science in Xinjiang

KONG Yanlong1(), DONG Yuanzhuo1, YE Cantao2, CHENG Yuanzhi1, NAI Weihua3, PANG Zhonghe1, MA Weibin2, ZHANG Jian4, GONG Yulie2, LI Yiman1, JIANG Guangzheng5, WANG Yingchun5, Gulbostan TURSUN6, TIAN Xiaoming2, LI Lengxue2, SHI Deyang3, ZHANG Chengkai3, TIAN Yinan3, LI Bin3, CHEN Feng3, ZHANG Lei3, WANG Ke7, REN Yaqian1, ZHANG Weizun1, LUO Guanzhong1, DUAN Jiabin1, CHEN Yakui1, ZHANG Xiaolei1, WANG Jiyang1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    2. Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
    3. Hydrogeological and Environmental Survey Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Bureau of Geology, Urumqi 830000, China
    4. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    5. College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
    6. School of Mining Engineering and Geology, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830023, China
    7. Institute of New Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
  • Received:2025-08-12 Revised:2025-10-20 Online:2026-11-25 Published:2025-11-10

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摘要：

基于“冷壳冷幔”的理论认识,新疆一直被认为是地热资源相对贫瘠的地区,其总体勘查和开发利用情况远落后于内地。第三次新疆综合科学考察课题“地热等清洁能源资源综合调查与评价”在收集整理全疆地热已有成果的基础上,重点开展野外补充调查,新发现了地热点位11处,补充确定了地热资源赋存形式2种,估算新疆地热资源量折合超过18亿吨标准煤。调查结果显示,新疆地热资源主要分布于盆间隆起山地,与其主要人口分布保持高度一致,而较少的人口基数决定了新疆人均地热资源量较高,反而说明了其具有较大的开发利用潜力。新疆地热资源表现出“北疆禀赋差,南疆禀赋好”的分布格局:北疆天山、阿勒泰山地区广泛发育以断裂深循环成因的中低温水热型地热资源,而在南疆帕米尔高原,受印度-欧亚板块碰撞的影响,形成了目前新疆唯一发现的高温地热资源。然而,新疆地热资源开发利用整体水平相对较低,开发利用方式单一,以洗浴保健和旅游疗养为主,且主要在经济发展较好、交通较方便的北疆,南疆地热开发利用程度较低。通过本次科学考察摸清了新疆地热资源分布与开发利用现状情况,结合新疆国土空间规划,围绕新疆“双碳”发展战略,课题组提出新疆地热能源资源开发利用路线建议:在南疆塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县等地区推动“地热发电+综合利用”发展,在北疆温泉县等地区大力推进“地热+”综合能源开发,在乌-昌-石城市群全面深化浅层、中深层岩土地热能利用。

关键词: 第三次新疆综合科学考察, 能源转型, 资源禀赋, 地热开发, 地热发电, 地热供暖

Abstract:

Based on the theoretical understanding of a “cold crust and cold mantle” geological structure, Xinjiang has long been considered relatively poor in geothermal resources, with its overall exploration and utilization significantly lagging behind eastern China. As part of the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program, the geothermal study involved supplementary field surveys alongside the collection and systematization of existing geothermal research data from across Xinjiang. The expedition newly identified 11 geothermal sites and established two models of geothermal resource occurrence, estimating the region’s geothermal potential to be equivalent to over 1.8 billion tons of standard coal. Survey results indicate that Xinjiang’s geothermal resources are primarily distributed in intermountain uplifted areas, showing significant overlap with population centers. The region’s relatively small population implies a relatively high per capita geothermal resource endowment, underscoring its considerable development potential. The distribution of geothermal resources in Xinjiang exhibits a distinct pattern: generally poorer endowment in the north versus richer endowment in the south. The North Xinjiang Tianshan and Altay Mountain regions host widespread medium-low temperature hydrothermal resources formed by deep fracture circulation, while the South Xinjiang Pamir Plateau, influenced by the India-Eurasia plate collision, contains the only high-temperature geothermal system so far discovered in Xinjiang. However, the overall development and utilization of these resources remains limited, characterized by singular applications such as bathing, healthcare, and tourism, concentrated mainly in the more accessible and economically developed North Xinjiang; development in the south is comparatively scarce. This scientific expedition has clarified the distribution and status of Xinjiang’s geothermal resources. Based on these findings and aligned with Xinjiang’s territorial spatial planning and ‘Dual Carbon’ goals, the research team proposes the following development pathways: promoting “geothermal power generation + comprehensive utilization” in southern Xinjiang areas such as Tashkurgan County; advancing “Geothermal +” integrated energy development in northern Xinjiang areas like Wenquan County; and enhancing the utilization of shallow to medium-depth geothermal energy from rock and soil layers throughout the Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi urban agglomeration.

Key words: The Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program, energy transition, resource endowment, geothermal development, geothermal power generation, geothermal heating

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