地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 9-28.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.8.62

• 大地构造新见 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国东部陆缘中、新生代洋板块深地质作用追踪

肖庆辉1(), 刘勇1,*(), 李廷栋1, 潘桂棠2, 陆松年3, 丁孝忠1, 张克信4, 庞建峰1, 邱瑞照5, 赵国春6, 张恒1, 程扬1, 范玉须1, 付利1   

  1. 1.中国地质科学院 地质研究所, 北京 100037
    2.中国地质调查局 成都地质调查中心, 四川 成都 610081
    3.中国地质调查局 天津地质调查中心, 天津 300170
    4.中国地质大学(武汉) 地球科学学院, 湖北 武汉 430074
    5.中国地质调查局 发展研究中心, 北京 100037
    6.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-12 修回日期:2025-08-13 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-11-12
  • 通信作者: 刘勇
  • 作者简介:肖庆辉(1939—),男,研究员,博士生导师,构造地质学专业,从事大地构造学和中国岩石圈三维结构研究。E-mail: qinghuixiao@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区岩浆活动成矿与找矿重点实验室开放课题(编号2024KF001);中国地质调查局地质调查项目“中国区域地质志和系列图件编制”(DD20221645)

Tracing the deep geological processes of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic oceanic plate on the continental margin of the East Asian continent in China

XIAO Qinghui1(), LIU Yong1,*(), LI Tingdong1, PAN Guitang2, LU Songnian3, DING Xiaozhong1, ZHANG Kexin4, PANG Jianfeng1, QIU Ruizhao5, ZHAO Guochun6, ZHANG Heng1, CHENG Yang1, FAN Yuxu1, FU Li1   

  1. 1. Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
    2. Chengdu Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China
    3. Tianjin Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin 300170, China
    4. School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
    5. Development and Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China
    6. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2025-06-12 Revised:2025-08-13 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-11-12
  • Contact: LIU Yong

摘要:

中国东亚大陆中、新生代陆缘构造成因至今没有统一认识,分歧仍然很大。本文依据洋板块地质思维重新研究中国东亚大陆中、新生代陆缘构造成因后发现:中国东亚大陆中、新生代陆缘洋板块俯冲作用不仅普遍存在,而且一直俯冲到400~660 km深的地幔过渡带,并在那里滞留堆积构成具有造壳成陆功能的新的热动力学系统,或称第二大陆动力学系统,有人称之为第二大陆。它控制了中国中、新生代大陆的形成与演变。另一个发现是在中国大陆俯冲增生杂岩带内发现很多洋岛、海山、洋底高原等大洋遗迹,它们与表征洋板块俯冲作用的岛弧等共存在同一个俯冲带上,表明中国大陆的形成与演变普遍经受过曾存在过的五大古洋(古亚洲洋、特提斯洋、古太平洋、鄂霍茨克洋、华南洋)洋板块俯冲作用制约。第三个发现是,在内蒙古西拉木伦地区俯冲增生杂岩带中发现了与3种不同成因体制——“地幔柱”型、洋中脊型和岛弧型有关的洋岛、海山,表明古大洋演化过程中的构造背景多样而复杂,包括岛弧、热点、地幔柱、弧后盆地及洋中脊等各种构造背景。岛弧环境明显与板块俯冲有关,而热点、海山明显与地幔柱有关。这说明古大洋在演化过程中,洋内俯冲作用和软流圈地幔(柱)上涌两种完全对立的构造体制同时共存并相互作用。据此,我们提出东亚中、新生代造山带可能是东亚中、新生代造山带之下的地幔过渡带或所谓第二大陆引发的洋内俯冲+板内软流圈地幔(柱)上涌复合作用而形成的系统。因此,岛弧型洋岛、海山的发现为中国洋板块地质建立东亚中、新生代造山带洋内俯冲+板内软流圈地幔(柱)上涌同时共存的理论模型提供了重要科学依据。东亚中新生代造山带之下的地幔过渡带或所谓第二大陆的存在使中国大陆形成与演化、成矿作用潜力评价和战略找矿预测都可能要被重新认识。

关键词: 中国东亚, 中、新生代, 第二大陆, 洋内俯冲+软流圈地幔(柱)上涌复合系统

Abstract:

There remains no unified understanding regarding the causes of Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental margin tectonics in the East Asian continent of China, with significant differences persisting. Based on the geological framework of oceanic plates, this paper re-examines these causes. Our findings reveal that: (1) Subduction of oceanic plates along the Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental margin of East Asia was not only widespread but also continuously extended into the mantle transition zone (400-660 km depth), where they accumulated. This formed a novel thermodynamical system with crust formation and continent building functions, termed ‘second continental dynamics’ or the ‘second continent’. This system controlled the formation and evolution of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic continent in China. (2) Numerous oceanic islands, seamounts, and oceanic plateaus have been identified within subduction-accretionary complex zones in the Chinese mainland. Their coexistence with the opposing tectonic regime of oceanic plate subduction within the same subduction zone indicates that the formation and evolution of the Chinese mainland were fundamentally constrained by the subduction of five ancient oceanic plates (Paleo-Asian Ocean, Tethys Ocean, Paleo-Pacific Ocean, Okhotsk Ocean, and South China Ocean). (3) Within the Xar Moron subduction-accretionary complex zone in Inner Mongolia, three genetically distinct regimes of oceanic islands and seamounts have been discovered: ‘mantle plume’ type, mid-ocean ridge type, and island arc type. This demonstrates that the tectonic backgrounds during the evolution of these ancient oceans were diverse and complex, forming in environments including island arcs, hotspots, mantle plumes, back-arc basins, and mid-ocean ridges. The island arc environment is clearly linked to plate subduction, while hotspots and seamounts are associated with mantle plumes. This indicates that two opposing tectonic regimes- intra-oceanic subduction and intra-plate asthenospheric mantle upwelling - coexisted during ancient ocean evolution. Based on these findings, we propose that the Mesozoic-Cenozoic orogenic belts in East Asia formed through the composite evolution of an intra-oceanic subduction + intra-plate asthenospheric mantle upwelling system. This system was triggered by the mantle transition zone (the ‘second continent’) beneath these belts, rather than solely by mantle plumes. Consequently, the discovery of island arc-type oceanic islands and seamounts provides crucial scientific evidence for establishing the theoretical model of coexisting intra-oceanic subduction and intra-plate asthenospheric mantle upwelling within the Mesozoic-Cenozoic orogenic belts of East Asia, within the context of oceanic plate geology in China. It is therefore essential to re-evaluate the influence of the mantle transition zone (the ‘second continent’) beneath these orogenic belts on the formation and evolution of the Chinese mainland, its metallogenic potential, and its implications for strategic ore-prospecting predictions.

Key words: East Asian continent in China, Mesozoic-Cenozoic, the second continent, the coexistence of intra-oceanic subduction + intra-plate asthenospheric mantle upwelling

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