沉水植物对岩溶碳汇稳定性影响研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.2.9

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 430-439.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.2.9

• “综合生态系统碳循环与碳中和”专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

沉水植物对岩溶碳汇稳定性影响研究

孙彩云¹^,²(), 郑冰清¹^,², 李俊³, 符洪铭¹^,⁴, 孙荣卿³, 刘红豪³, 廖祖莹⁵, 江红生⁵, 吴振斌¹, 夏世斌², 王培¹^,^*()

1.中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430072
2.武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 湖北武汉 430070
3.中国地质调查局昆明自然资源综合调查中心, 云南昆明 650111
4.桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 广西桂林 541006
5.中国科学院武汉植物园, 湖北武汉 430074

收稿日期:2023-11-02 修回日期:2024-01-29 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-10-11
通信作者: * 王培(1987—),男,副研究员,主要从事岩溶碳循环及内陆水体碳循环研究工作。E-mail: pwang@ihb.ac.cn
作者简介:孙彩云(1994—),女,博士研究生,主要从事岩溶碳循环研究工作。E-mail: 1291331342@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41807205);国家自然科学基金项目(42172285);中国地质调查局云贵高原湖区湖泊调查项目(DD20230512);自然资源部自然生态系统碳汇工程技术创新中心科创课题([2023]10-2023-03);广西重点研发计划项目(2023AB06025);中国科学院乡村振兴项目(KFJ-XCZX-202303);桂林市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(2020010905);自然资源部自然资源科技战略研究项目(2023-ZL-23)

Study on the effect of submerged plants on the stability of karst carbon sink

SUN Caiyun¹^,²(), ZHENG Bingqing¹^,², LI Jun³, FU Hongming¹^,⁴, SUN Rongqing³, LIU Honghao³, LIAO Zuying⁵, JIANG Hongsheng⁵, WU Zhenbin¹, XIA Shibin², WANG Pei¹^,^*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
2. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
3. Kunming General Survey of Natural Resources Center, China Geological Survey, Kunming 650111, China
4. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
5. Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2023-11-02 Revised:2024-01-29 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-10-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

岩溶碳汇是实现碳中和的重要手段,其稳定性是亟待解决的关键科学问题。地球上每年约45%的光合作用发生在水环境中,而岩溶区沉水植物如何影响岩溶碳汇稳定性仍不明确。以3条岩溶区河流中的沉水植物为研究对象,利用样方法、pH-drift技术和元素化学计量学,从定性和定量角度开展了沉水植物对岩溶碳汇稳定性的影响研究。结果表明:ZDR中沉水植物有8种,CTR中沉水植物有5种,HXR中沉水植物有7种,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数的趋势均为ZDR>HXR>CTR。在3条河流中沉水植物的优势种为苦草、海菜花、竹叶眼子菜和黑藻,且均具有利用$\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$的能力。ZDR、HXR和CTR中沉水植物的年固碳量分别为8.56×10³、4.83×10³ 和3.88×10³ g·m^-2·a^-1,平均值为5.76×10³ g·m^-2·a^-1,分别是草地的37.65倍和人工林的40.56倍。3条河流中沉水植物多样性越高,其固碳量也越高。总的来说,在岩溶水生态系统中沉水植物发挥着碳泵的作用,进而提高了岩溶碳汇的稳定性。

关键词: 岩溶碳汇, 沉水植物固碳, 植物多样性, 优势种植物, 河流类型

Abstract:

Karst carbon sinks are an important means of achieving carbon neutrality, and their stability is a key scientific issue that needs to be addressed. Approximately 45% of annual photosynthesis on Earth occurs in aquatic environments, yet how submerged plants in karst areas affect the stability of karst carbon sinks remains unknown. This study focused on submerged plants in three karst rivers. We employed quadrat sampling, pH-drift technology, and elemental stoichiometry to qualitatively and quantitatively examine the effects of submerged plants on the stability of karst carbon sinks. Our results showed that there were 8, 5, and 7 species of submerged plants in the ZDR, CTR, and HXR, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index ranked as ZDR>HXR>CTR. In the three karst rivers, Vallisneria natans, Ottelia acuminata, Potamogeton wrightii, and Hydrilla verticillata were the dominant species, all of which had the ability to utilize $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$. The annual carbon sequestration rates of submerged plants in the ZDR, HXR, and CTR were 8.56×10³ g·m^-2·a^-1, 4.83×10³ g·m^-2·a^-1, and 3.88×10³ g·m^-2·a^-1, respectively, with an average of 5.76×10³ g·m^-2·a^-1, which are 37.65 and 40.56 times higher than those of grasslands and man-made forests, respectively. The higher the diversity of submerged plants in rivers, the higher the carbon sequestration. Overall, submerged plants play a crucial carbon pump role in karst aquatic ecosystems, thereby enhancing the stability of karst carbon sink.

Key words: karst carbon sink, carbon sequestration by submerged plants, plant diversity, dominant species of plants, river types

中图分类号:

X173

孙彩云, 郑冰清, 李俊, 符洪铭, 孙荣卿, 刘红豪, 廖祖莹, 江红生, 吴振斌, 夏世斌, 王培. 沉水植物对岩溶碳汇稳定性影响研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(5): 430-439.

SUN Caiyun, ZHENG Bingqing, LI Jun, FU Hongming, SUN Rongqing, LIU Honghao, LIAO Zuying, JIANG Hongsheng, WU Zhenbin, XIA Shibin, WANG Pei. Study on the effect of submerged plants on the stability of karst carbon sink[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(5): 430-439.

图/表 8

图1 取样位点图

Fig.1 Map of sampling sites

表1 3条河流水体理化指标

Table 1 Physical and chemical indicators of water bodies in three rivers

采样点	温度/℃	pH	电导率/ (μS·cm^-1)	Ca²⁺浓度/ (mg·L^-1)	$HCO 3 -$ 浓度/ (mmol·L^-1)	水流速度/ (m·s^-1)	水深/m	透明度/m
ZDR	19.8~21.5	7.3~8.4	376~389	76~80	3.8~4.1	0.04~0.78	0.3~1.8	0.3~1.8
CTR	26.0~26.3	7.4~8.1	233~244	40~44	2.1~2.2	0.12~0.38	0.5~2.3	0.5~1.6
HXR	19.7~22.8	7.2~8.3	321~330	67~70	3.1~3.4	0.04~0.80	0.5~2.2	0.5~1.6

表1 3条河流水体理化指标

Table 1 Physical and chemical indicators of water bodies in three rivers

采样点	温度/℃	pH	电导率/ (μS·cm^-1)	Ca²⁺浓度/ (mg·L^-1)	$HCO 3 -$ 浓度/ (mmol·L^-1)	水流速度/ (m·s^-1)	水深/m	透明度/m
ZDR	19.8~21.5	7.3~8.4	376~389	76~80	3.8~4.1	0.04~0.78	0.3~1.8	0.3~1.8
CTR	26.0~26.3	7.4~8.1	233~244	40~44	2.1~2.2	0.12~0.38	0.5~2.3	0.5~1.6
HXR	19.7~22.8	7.2~8.3	321~330	67~70	3.1~3.4	0.04~0.80	0.5~2.2	0.5~1.6

表2 不同河流的植物类型

Table 2 Plant types in different rivers

科名	种名	拉丁名	河流
科名	种名	拉丁名	ZDR	CTR	HXR
水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae	苦草	Vallisneria natans (Lour.)	√	√	√
	黑藻	Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.)	√	√	√
	海菜花	Ottelia acuminata	√	—	√
眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae	竹叶眼子菜	Potamogeton wrightii Morong	√	√	√
	微齿眼子菜	Potamogeton maackianus	√	—	—
	眼子菜	Potamogeton distinctus	√	—	—
	菹草	Potamogeton crispus L.	—	√	—
小二仙草科 Haloragaceae	狐尾藻	Myriophyllum verticillatum L.	√	√	√
轮藻科 Characeae	轮藻	Chara braunii Gmel.	√	—	√
金鱼藻科 Ceratophyllaceae	金鱼藻	Ceratophyllum demersumL.	—	—	√

图2 3条河流中沉水植物的优势度、平均生物量

Fig.2 Dominance, mean biomass of submerged plants in three rivers

图3 3条河流的物种多样性指数 H—Shannon-Wiener多样性指数;D—Simpson优势度指数;J—Pielou均匀度指数。

Fig.3 Species diversity indices in the three rivers H, D, and J represent three species diversity indices: Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and Pielou evenness index.

图4 pH-drift实验

Fig.4 pH-drift experiments

图5 4种优势种沉水植物的总含碳量

Fig.5 Carbon content of four dominant species of submerged plants

表3 优势种沉水植物平均生物量与含碳量

Table 3 Average biomass and carbon content of the dominant submerged plant species

植物种类	平均生物量/(kg·m^-2)			TC含量/%
植物种类	ZDR	CTR	HXR	TC含量/%
V.natans	7.61	1.20	4.82	36
H.verticillata	2.20	5.32	1.86	34
P.wrightii	4.75	4.13	0.85	39
O.acuminata	8.75	0.00	5.80	37

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沉水植物对岩溶碳汇稳定性影响研究

Study on the effect of submerged plants on the stability of karst carbon sink

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