青藏高原东南缘昭通盆地晚中新世到上新世古环境演化过程

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.11.33

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 326-339.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.11.33

• 非主题来稿选登：构造作用与盆地演化 • 上一篇下一篇

青藏高原东南缘昭通盆地晚中新世到上新世古环境演化过程

李佩¹(), 张春霞²^,³^,^*(), 罗浩¹, 刘志成¹, 高战武¹

1.中国地震灾害防御中心, 北京 100029
2.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所新生代地质与环境实验室, 北京 100029
3.山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院, 山东青岛 266590

收稿日期:2023-07-10 修回日期:2023-08-22 出版日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2024-07-10
通信作者: * 张春霞(1977—),女,博士,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事第四纪地质与环境研究工作。E-mail: cxzhang@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
作者简介:李佩(1991—),女,博士,工程师,主要从事第四纪地质和活动构造研究工作。E-mail: lipei911223@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42072209);中国科学院(B类)战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000);科学技术部科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100103)

The Late Miocene to Pliocene paleoenvironmental evolution process in Zhaotong Basin on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

LI Pei¹(), ZHANG Chunxia²^,³^,^*(), LUO Hao¹, LIU Zhicheng¹, GAO Zhanwu¹

1. China Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center, Beijing 100029, China
2. Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
3. College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China

Received:2023-07-10 Revised:2023-08-22 Online:2024-07-25 Published:2024-07-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青藏高原东南缘的云南区域是研究晚新生代以来气候和环境演化的重要区域之一。虽然针对云南区域已经开展了大量古气候和古环境演化的研究,但是晚中新世到上新世云南区域湿度变化的记录仅为碳同位素和孢粉记录,且分辨率较低。因此,该区域缺乏晚中新世到上新世连续的高分辨率古湿度变化记录。本研究主要基于云南省东北部昭通盆地内晚中新世到上新世的沉积物岩心,通过对沉积物粒度的测试分析,综合沉积序列、岩性特征和沉积构造,表明:昭通盆地在8.8~6.2 Ma以沼泽亚相沉积环境为主;在6.2~2.8 Ma以浅湖亚相沉积环境为主;在2.8~2.6 Ma以湖滨亚相沉积环境为主。昭通盆地沉积物粒度参数记录的晚中新世到上新世云南区域呈现干旱化的趋势。结合前期该钻孔黏土矿物和化学风化的相关成果,认为晚中新世到上新世南亚季风呈现逐渐减弱的趋势,并主要受控于全球变冷和全球CO₂浓度降低的影响。

关键词: 昭通盆地, 晚中新世, 上新世, 古环境

Abstract:

Situated at the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the Yunnan region is pivotal for investigating Late Cenozoic climatic changes. While considerable research has focused on the paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental evolution of Yunnan, the understanding of climate change from the Late Miocene to Pliocene primarily relies on carbon isotope and pollen records. Consequently, there is a dearth of high-resolution, continuous paleoclimatic records documenting humidity changes during this period. This study utilizes sediment cores from the Late Miocene to Pliocene in the Zhaotong Basin, northeastern Yunnan Province. Through sediment grain size analysis, the sedimentary sequence, lithological characteristics, and sedimentary structures indicate that the Zhaotong Basin was predominantly characterized by swamp-subfacies sedimentary environments during 8.8-6.2 Ma, transitioning to shallow lake subfacies during 6.2-2.8 Ma, and lakeside subfacies during 2.8-2.6 Ma. Grain size parameters of sediments in the Zhaotong Basin exhibit a drying trend of the South Asian monsoon during the Late Miocene to Pliocene. Combined with clay mineral and chemical weathering results from borehole data in the early period, it is inferred that the South Asian monsoon gradually weakened from the Late Miocene to Pliocene, primarily influenced by global cooling and decreasing global CO₂ concentrations.

Key words: Zhaotong Basin, Late Miocene, Pliocene, paleoenvironment

中图分类号:

P532
P534.62

李佩, 张春霞, 罗浩, 刘志成, 高战武. 青藏高原东南缘昭通盆地晚中新世到上新世古环境演化过程[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(4): 326-339.

LI Pei, ZHANG Chunxia, LUO Hao, LIU Zhicheng, GAO Zhanwu. The Late Miocene to Pliocene paleoenvironmental evolution process in Zhaotong Basin on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(4): 326-339.

图/表 9

图1 青藏高原东南缘及昭通盆地的位置(a),昭通盆地地质图及ZK1钻孔的位置(b)(据文献[6]修改)

Fig.1 Schematic diagram showing the location of Zhaotong Basin on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (a), schematic geological map of the area surrounding borehole ZK1 in the Zhaotong Basin (b). Modified after [6].

表1 ZK1钻孔的岩性描述及地层层位序列

Table 1 Lithologic description and stratigraphic sequence of borehole ZK1

深度/m	岩性特征	层位
0.0~5.8	灰色、灰白色砂质粉砂,灰色泥质粉砂夹褐黄色赤铁矿团块。团块呈不规则形状,一般小于4 cm,从上往下团块数量减少	I
5.8~22.4	深绿灰色黏土。夹两层螺化石层,其中18.86~19.06 m的化石含量相对较少,而且螺体都小于1 cm;19.5~19.7 m含大量螺化石,螺体为3~5 cm	II
22.4~63.0	灰绿色粉砂质黏土。共夹一层劣质褐煤(32.1~32.25 m),一层泥质粉砂(32.5~32.6 m)和7层螺化石层。化石层分别为:①25.50~25.55 m;②24.30~24.35 m;③31.28~31.30 m;④31.95~32.05 m;⑤32.5~32.6 m;⑥42.5~43.3 m	III
63.0~64.7	深褐色褐煤。含炭化木和水草化石	IV
64.7~72.1	黑褐色泥炭。中间夹有3层黑褐色碳质黏土层	V
72.1~104.5	深褐色褐煤。含炭化木和水草化石	VI
104.5~111.6	深灰-灰色黏土	VII
111.6~120	浅灰色灰岩(二叠纪灰岩)	VIII

图2 昭通盆地ZK1钻孔磁性地层年代框架(据文献[2]修改) a,b和c—昭通盆地ZK1钻孔的岩石地层序列、磁倾角和磁性倒转序列;d—为磁性极性年表(ANTNS2012)(据文献[19]);e—基于标准磁性极性年表得到昭通盆地ZK1钻孔沉积物的13个年代控制点及其所在层位。

Fig.2 Magnetostratigraphic age framework of borehole ZK1 in the Zhaotong Basin (modified after [2]). (a), (b) and (c) represent lithology, inclination and magnetic polarity zonation; (d) geomagnetic polarity timescale (GPTS) (adapted from [19]); (e) thirteen age control points of sediment from borehole ZK1 in the Zhaotong Basin based on the standard geomagnetic polarity timescale.

表2 ZK1钻孔黏土、粉砂、砂含量及中值粒径和平均粒径在各带的变化范围

Table 2 Variation range of clay, silt, sand content, median particle size, and average particle size in afferent zones of borehole ZK1

分带		黏土(<2 μm)含量/%	粉砂(2~63 μm)含量/%	砂(>63 μm)含量/%	中值粒径/μm	平均粒径/μm
Unit I	范围	7.0~37.8	60.3~93.1	0~34.1	4.4~52.4	8.9~47.4
Unit I	平均值	17.4	75.6	6.9	10.1	19.4
Unit II	范围	4.1~32.8	45.7~93.3	0.01~21.6	4.0~29.2	9.9~49.7
Unit II	平均值	13.7	81.1	5.22	10.0	17.85
Unit III	范围	6.5~36.5	28.6~68.8	2.6~65	3.2~104.8	9.3~140.0
Unit III	平均值	17.5	54.7	28.6	29.8	49.4

图3 昭通盆地ZK1钻孔沉积物粒度随深度及岩性的变化特征

Fig.3 Variation of sediment grain size with depth and lithology in borehole ZK1, Zhaotong Basin

图4 昭通盆地ZK1钻孔沉积物各沉积带频率分布曲线及概率累积曲线

Fig.4 Frequency distribution curve and probability accumulation curve of each sedimentary zone of borehole ZK1 in the Zhaotong Basin

图5 昭通盆地ZK1钻孔沉积物粒度综合C-M图

Fig.5 Comprehensive C-M map of sediment grain size of borehole ZK1 in Zhaotong Basin

图6 昭通盆地晚中新世到上新世沉积物沉积相划分及野外地层沉积构造特征

Fig.6 Sedimentary facies division and field stratigraphic sedimentary structural characteristics in Zhaotong Basin during the Late Miocene to Pliocene

图7 昭通盆地ZK1钻孔不同粒径含量(a-c)、平均粒径(d)、黏土矿物比值(Kao/(Sm+Ver(HIV)))(据文献[17])(e)、化学风化指标CIA和K/Al值(f,g)(据文献[18])、深海氧同位素记录(h)(据文献[37])、巴基斯坦北部Siwalik古土壤碳酸岩碳同位素记录(i)(据文献[38]) 图中灰色点表示ZK1钻孔沉积物粒度参数的原始数据,曲线为5点求平均,线段为线性回归所得到不同阶段的趋势线。

Fig.7 The various contents of grain size (a-c)、median grain size (d), the ratio of clay mineral content (Kao/(Sm+Ver(HIV)))[17] (e), the chemical weathering index of CIA and the ratio value of K/Al[18], global ice volume as indicated by marine oxygen isotope (h)[37], δ18O record (PDB) of palaeosol carbonate nodules from the Siwalik Group in northern Pakistan (i)[38]. Record: the gray dots in the figure represent the original data of sediment particle size parameters of ZK1 borehole, the curve is smoothed using a 5-point moving average, and the line segments are the trend lines of different stages obtained by linear regression.

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青藏高原东南缘昭通盆地晚中新世到上新世古环境演化过程

The Late Miocene to Pliocene paleoenvironmental evolution process in Zhaotong Basin on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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