东地中海原型盆地演化

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2019.8.22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

东地中海经历了伸展-聚敛的构造演化旋回,聚集了丰富的油气资源。基于2D地震、ODP Leg160、IHS及Tellus商业数据库和公开发表的文献资料,本文在建立东地中海及周缘构造-地层格架的基础上,恢复了东地中海12个关键地质历史时期的原型盆地,并以板块构造为切入点探讨了盆地演化机制。东地中海及周缘上三叠统以来地层可划分为新特提斯被动大陆边缘陆地及浅水区、新特提斯被动大陆边缘深水区和塞浦路斯弧前褶皱区3个地层分区,前两个地层分区均发育一套裂谷-被动大陆边缘层系,但是二者的岩相特征和不整合发育有明显的差异,而塞浦路斯弧前褶皱区发育一套大洋盆地-弧前盆地层系。研究认为东地中海经历了二叠纪—早侏罗世裂解期、中侏罗世巴柔期—晚白垩世土伦期漂移期和晚白垩世森诺期以来的汇聚改造期3个原型阶段,其中汇聚改造期又可细分为晚白垩世森诺期“双俯冲带”消减期、古近纪北部俯冲-碰撞期、中新世塞浦路斯岛弧带南侧俯冲-碰撞与黎凡特边缘活化期和中新世梅西期以来“弧-山碰撞”与“走滑逃逸”期4个阶段。东地中海盆地演化受控于图哈罗德-安纳托利亚板块以及凯里尼亚、特罗多斯和埃拉托色尼等微板块与冈瓦纳大陆北缘的分离、向北的漂移和与欧亚大陆汇聚拼贴的板块构造活动。

关键词: 原型盆地, 构造-沉积环境, 盆地演化, 东地中海

Abstract:

The Eastern Mediterranean Sea experienced an extension-convergence tectonic cycle, accumulating abundant oil and gas resources. Based on 2D seismic data, ODP Leg160, IHS and Tellus commercial database as well as published papers, we constructed the tectonic-stratigraphic framework of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and its adjacent area, and restored prototype basins in 12 critical geological periods. We also discussed basin evolution mechanism from the perspective of plate tectonics. The Upper Triassic-the Quaternary in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea can be divided into three regions: the onshore and shallow water region at the Neotethys passive continental margin, deep water region at the Neotethys passive continental margin and the Cyprus forearc fold belt. The first two stratigraphic regions consist of a set of rift-passive continental margin stratum system. However, significant differences in lithofacies and unconformity are in these two regions. A set of oceanic basin-forearc basin stratum system developed in the Cyprus forearc fold belt. The results show that the evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea can be divided into three phases: the Permian-Early Jurassic rifting phase, the Middle Jurassic Bajocian-Late Cretaceous Turonian drifting phase and the convergence and transformation phase since the Late Cretaceous Senonian. The last phase can be subdivided into four stages, including the “double subduction zones” during the Late Cretaceous Senonian, the subduction-collision at the north during the Paleogene, the subduction-collision at the south of the Cyprus Arc and reactivity of the Levant margin during the Miocene, and the “arc-seamount” collision and plate escaping since the Miocene Messinian. The basin evolution was controlled by rifting of continental fragments, including the Tauride-Anatolian plate and the micro-plates (Kyrenia, Troodos and Eratosthenes) from Gondwana, as well as by northward drifting and collision of Eurasia and these continental fragments.

Key words: proto-type basin, tectonic-depositional environment, basin evolution, East Mediterranean Sea

中图分类号:

高华华, 童晓光, 温志新, 王兆明. 东地中海原型盆地演化[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(4): 255-271.

GAO Huahua, TONG Xiaoguang, WEN Zhixin, WANG Zhaoming. Proto-type basin evolution of the East Mediterranean Sea[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(4): 255-271.

图/表 10

图1 东地中海及周缘现今地形地貌、构造单元划分与资料分布

Fig.1 Location map and structural element division of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and its adjacent region

图2 东地中海黎凡特边缘(SE)—埃拉托色尼海山(NW)—希罗多德盆地(W)区域地壳结构剖面

Fig.2 Crustal scale section across the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and the Tethyan margin

图3 埃拉托色尼海山及周缘(图1所示2D地震测线覆盖区)中侏罗统底界T0构造图与构造单元划分

Fig.3 Time structure map (in ms TWT) and structural element division of the base Middle Jurassic Bajocian in the Eratosthenes Seamount and its periphery

图4 黎凡特边缘陆地及浅水区三叠系—第四系构造-地层格架(图例见图7)

Fig.4 Regional onshore and shallow water area tectono-stratigraphic framework of the Levant margin (see Fig.7 for an example)

图5 埃及边缘陆地及浅水区三叠系—第四系构造-地层格架(图例见图7)

Fig.5 Regional onshore and shallow water area tectono-stratigraphic framework of the Egypt margin (see Fig.7 for an example)

图6 新特提斯被动大陆边缘深水区三叠系—第四系构造-地层格架(图例见图7)

Fig.6 Regional deep water area tectono-stratigraphic framework of the Neotethys passive continental margin (see Fig.7 for an example)

图7 塞浦路斯弧前褶皱区新生界构造-地层格架

Fig.7 Regional Cenozoic tectono-stratigraphic framework of the Cyprus forearc fold belt

图8 东地中海中生代(早侏罗世—白垩纪末)构造-沉积环境与原型盆地演化

Fig.8 Mesozoic tectonic-depositional environment and proto-type basin evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

图9 东地中海新生代构造-沉积环境与原型盆地演化

Fig.9 Cenozoic tectonic-depositional environment and proto-type basin evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

图10 东地中海及周缘板块构造与盆地演化成因模式

Fig.10 Plate tectonics and basin evolution mechanism model of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and its adjacent area

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