河北武城凸起地热田地热地质特征

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.3.1

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在“雄县模式”和环境压力的双重驱动下,河北地区已形成我国最大的地热供暖城市群。因此,研究武城凸起地热田地热地质特征,对河北省故城县地热开发具有重要的指导意义。本文通过测井、地震和区域地质资料,结合水化学特征、同位素测试结果的分析,系统分析了地热田的不同类型热储展布、储集层物性、地下热水补给来源和循环路径特征,并精细评价了地热资源量。结果表明武城凸起地热田热储类型主要为馆陶组砂岩热储和奥陶系岩溶热储。砂岩热储区域稳定分布,主要产水层为下馆陶组,底板埋深1 200~1 600 m,单井出水量79~123 m³/h, 井口水温52~54 ℃;岩溶热储有利区带主要分布在寒武—三叠系卷入的背斜核部,呈南北向带状展布,主要产水层为上马家沟组、下马家沟组和亮甲山组,顶板埋深2 100~2 900 m,单井出水量75~98 m³/h,井口水温82~85 ℃。地下热水来源为西部太行山脉和北部燕山山脉,热水沿着NE-SW向断裂破碎带和岩溶不整合面向上水平运移进入浅层热储,通过沧县隆起和邢衡隆起在武城凸起汇集,形成中低温地热田。地下热水质类型为Cl-Na型,最大循环深度为2 822.5~3 032.5 m,¹⁴C测年表明砂岩热储和岩溶热储年龄分别为21 ka和32 ka。明化镇组和石炭—二叠系分别为两套热储的直接盖层。武城凸起地热田地热资源量分层精细评价结果表明,热储地热资源量合计4.86×10¹⁰ GJ,折合标煤16.6×10⁸ t。年可开采地热资源量可满足供暖面积1.1×10⁸ m²,市场开发潜力巨大。

关键词: 武城凸起, 地热田, 砂岩热储, 岩溶热储, 资源量评价

Abstract:

Driven by the “Xiongxian model” and environmental pressure, the Hebei Province has become the largest agglomerate of urban geothermal heating in China. Therefore, studying geothermal geological characteristics of the Wucheng uplift can be significance for guiding geothermal development in Gucheng County, Hebei Province. In this paper, we studied the distribution patterns of different types of thermal reservoirs, as well as physical properties and characteristics of geothermal water recharge and circulation pathway of the reserviors, and performed geothermal resources evaluation, by combining logging, seismic and regional geological data with results of hydrochemical characteristic and isotopic analyses. The results showed that the geothermal field has two thermal reservoirs: sandstone and karst reservoirs. The former has a wide stable distribution, with the main aquifer situated in the lower Guantao Formation and a floor depth of 1200-1600 m. The geothermal water temperatures ranged between 52-54 ℃, and the well water yield was 79-123 m ³/h. The favorable zones of karst thermal reservoir are mainly distributed in the anticlinal core of the Cambrian-Triassic, extending in a N-S zonal direction, with the main aquifer in the upper Majiagou, lower Majiagou and Liangjiashan Formations and a roof depth of 2100-2900 m. The geothermal water temperatures ranged between 82-85 ℃, and the well water yield was 75-98 m³/h. The geothermal waters originate from the recharge areas of the Taihang mountains to the west and Yanshan mountains to the north, moving horizontally along the NE-SW fracture zone and the karst unconformity plane into the shallow thermal reservoir, from where they meet in the Wucheng uplift, through the Cangxian and Xingheng uplifts, to form a medium-low temperature geothermal reservoir of Cl-Na type water quality. The ¹⁴C dating results indicated that the geothermal waters of sandstone and karst reservoirs were 21 ka and 32 ka, respectively, with a recharge depth of more than 2822.5-3032.5 m. The Minghuazhen Formation and the Carboniferous-Permian strata are cap rocks of the two thermal reservoirs, respectively. According to a fine evaluation of Wucheng geothermal resources, the total geothermal reserves amount to 4.86×10¹⁰ GJ, equivalent to 16.6×10⁸ tons of standard coal. The annual geothermal exploitation can meet 1.1×10⁸ m² indoor heating demand, demonstrating a huge geothermal developmental potential in the region.

Key words: Wucheng uplift, geothermal field, sandstone thermal reservoir, karstic thermal reservoir, resources evaluation

中图分类号:

P314
P641

王迪, 汪新伟, 毛翔, 武明辉, 刘慧盈, 张瑄, 王婷灏. 河北武城凸起地热田地热地质特征[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(3): 269-280.

WANG Di, WANG Xinwei, MAO Xiang, WU Minghui, LIU Huiying, ZHANG Xuan, WANG Tinghao. Characteristics of geothermal geology of the Wucheng uplift geothermal field[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(3): 269-280.

图/表 18

图1 武城凸起基岩地质图(a)和构造位置图(b)

Fig.1 Geological map of sub-outcrop (a) and tectonic zoning map (b) in the Wucheng uplift

图2 研究区综合地层柱状图及热储层/盖层组合

Fig.2 Comprehensive stratigraphic column and reservoir-caprock assemblage in the study area

图3 武城凸起地质构造演化示意剖面图剖面A-A'位置见图1b

Fig.3 Geotectonic evolution profile for the Wucheng uplift

图4 武城凸起地热田地热井地层温度-深度关系图

Fig.4 Relationship between formation temperature and geothermal well depth for the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

图5 武城凸起地热田馆陶组底板埋深图及井位分布图

Fig.5 Geological map showing floor depths and well distribution of sandstone thermal reservoir in the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

表1 武城凸起地热田地热井特征统计表

Table 1 Statistics of typical geothermal boreholes in the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

地热井名称	井深/m	出口水温/℃	涌水量/(m³·h^-1)	储厚比/%	孔隙度/%	渗透率/mD	储层有效厚度/m	取水层段/m	热储层位
丽景名城1井	1 578	54	81	75.7	34.5	1 261	167.4	1 318~1 539	Ng
森林公园1井	1 562.5	52	79	73.8	35.4	761.1	207.3	1 268~1 549	Ng
州海名城1井	1 500	52	123	75.8	34	785.5	159.2	1 098~1 308	Ng
运河丽景1井	1 610	52	83	64.8	29.7	523.2	190	1 304~1 597	Ng
富邦花园2井	2 800	54	35	22.36	5.74	3.01	138.2	2 137~2 800	O
南湖现代城1井	3 150	84	75	32.5	11.05	14.65	301.1	2 195~3 112	O
丽景名居1井	3 300	85	80	41.6	1.47	2.71	213.7	2 751~3 300	O
信誉家园2井	3 130	82	98	21.2	6.33	1.78	131.5	2 316~2 936.4	O

图6 武城凸起地热田馆陶组砂岩热储连井地层对比图

Fig.6 Stratum correlation of sandstone thermal reservoir in the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

图7 武城凸起地热田奥陶系岩溶热储顶板埋深等值线图及井位分布图

Fig.7 Roof depth map and well 1ocation distribution map of the Ordovician karst thermal reservoir in the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

图8 武城凸起地热田奥陶系岩溶热储连井地层对比图

Fig.8 Stratum correlation of karst thermal reservoir in the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

表2 研究区地下热水水化学和同位素测试结果

Table 2 Chemical and isotopic compositions of groundwater in the study area

井号	pH	T/℃	ρ_B/(mg·L^-1)									δ²H/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	水化学类型
井号	pH	T/℃	TDS	Na⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	HC $O 3 -$	SiO₂	δ²H/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	水化学类型
丽景明居1井	6.32	90	17 312	4 803.35	194.53	155.4	1 043.73	9 129.81	668.43	207.69	34.89	-68.86	-8.2	Cl-Na
丽景明居2井	7.18	54	4 697	1 682.36	21.18	35.55	136.45	2 425.84	388.92	209.80	24.55	-72.58	-9.9	Cl-Na
丽景明居3井	7.41	53	4 559	1 631.81	17.83	33.66	128.44	2 349.98	379.47	214.40	26.98			Cl-Na
富邦花园1井	6.71	74	8 403	2 558.17	81.51	70.36	429.53	4 383.67	22.31	239.68	28.67	-73.6	-9.4	Cl-Na
富邦花园2井	7.66	47	2 260	755.25	6.42	10.84	34.03	791.73	213.45	444.21	23.74			Cl-Na
南湖现代城1井	7.44	53	4 757	1 686.62	23.15	31.07	137.91	2 429.08	389.97	223.88	27.49			Cl-Na
运河丽景1井	7.34	54	4 557	1 606.34	22.83	27.46	123.3	2 305.86	374.2	233.45	25.54	-74.64	-9.8	Cl-Na

表2 研究区地下热水水化学和同位素测试结果

Table 2 Chemical and isotopic compositions of groundwater in the study area

井号	pH	T/℃	ρ_B/(mg·L^-1)									δ²H/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	水化学类型
井号	pH	T/℃	TDS	Na⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	HC $O 3 -$	SiO₂	δ²H/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	水化学类型
丽景明居1井	6.32	90	17 312	4 803.35	194.53	155.4	1 043.73	9 129.81	668.43	207.69	34.89	-68.86	-8.2	Cl-Na
丽景明居2井	7.18	54	4 697	1 682.36	21.18	35.55	136.45	2 425.84	388.92	209.80	24.55	-72.58	-9.9	Cl-Na
丽景明居3井	7.41	53	4 559	1 631.81	17.83	33.66	128.44	2 349.98	379.47	214.40	26.98			Cl-Na
富邦花园1井	6.71	74	8 403	2 558.17	81.51	70.36	429.53	4 383.67	22.31	239.68	28.67	-73.6	-9.4	Cl-Na
富邦花园2井	7.66	47	2 260	755.25	6.42	10.84	34.03	791.73	213.45	444.21	23.74			Cl-Na
南湖现代城1井	7.44	53	4 757	1 686.62	23.15	31.07	137.91	2 429.08	389.97	223.88	27.49			Cl-Na
运河丽景1井	7.34	54	4 557	1 606.34	22.83	27.46	123.3	2 305.86	374.2	233.45	25.54	-74.64	-9.8	Cl-Na

图9 武城凸起地热田地下热水样品的Piper三角图解

Fig.9 Piper diagram for groundwater samples from the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

表3 矿化度统计表

Table 3 Statistics of total dissoloved solid

地名	矿化度/(g·L^-1)	水型
大成^[7]	6.1	Cl·SO₄-Na
青县^[7]	5.9	Cl·SO₄-Na
无极^[10]	6.38	Cl·HCO₃-Na
阜城^[7]	6.3	Cl-Na
衡水^[7]	7.7	Cl-Na
故城	11.9	Cl-Na
新河^[7]	10.7	Cl-Na
南宫^[7]	11.8	Cl-Na

图10 武城凸起地热田地下热水样品δ2H-δ18O关系

Fig.10 Water stable isotopic compositions for groundwater samples of from the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

表4 武城凸起地热田14C年龄校正模型年龄

Table 4 The 14C age correction model age of the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

编号	¹⁴C活度/ PMC	表观年龄/a	Tamers模型校正年龄/a	Pearson模型校正年龄/a	热储类型
丽景明居2井	<0.44	44 856	40 012	37 264	O
富邦花园1井	0.70	41 018	37 387	27 608	O
运河丽景1井	3.60	27 480	22 395	20 312	Ng

图11 武城凸起地热田地下热水样品Na-K-Mg三角图解(a)和SiO2溶解度图解(b)

Fig.11 Na-K-Mg ternary diagram (a) and solubility diagram of SiO2 (b) of water samples from the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

表5 研究区地下热水地球化学温标计算结果

Table 5 Temperature of geothermal reservoir by temperature scale method in the study area

井号	T/℃	T_Na-K/℃	T_K-Mg/℃	T_石英/℃	平均热储温度/℃
丽景明居1井	90	107.67	54.74	88.61	127.94
丽景明居2井	54	169.16	71.20	71.33	189.71
富邦花园1井	74	154.97	65.76	77.55	161.58
富邦花园2井	47	90.67	48.51	70.01	94.68
南湖现代城1井	53	111.63	56.41	75.84	123.76
运河丽景1井	54	113.25	56.92	72.89	121.55

图12 武城凸起地热田成因模式示意图

Fig.12 Sketch map illustrating a genetic model of the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

表6 武城凸起地热田地热资源评价参数与计算结果汇总表

Table 6 Summary of evaluation parameters and calculation results for the geothermal resources in the Wucheng uplift geothermal filed

层位	面积/km²	平均有效厚度/m	平均温度/℃	平均孔隙度/%	地热资源总量/GJ	折合标煤/t	可采地热资源量/GJ	可采资源量折合标煤/t
新近系馆陶组	840.56	181	52	33.4	1.64×10¹⁰	5.6×10⁸	4.1×10⁹	1.4×10⁸
奥陶系	944.22	196	83	6.15	3.22×10¹⁰	11×10⁸	4.83×10⁹	1.65×10⁸

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