塔北-塔中地区中、下寒武统岩性组合与变形特征及其对油气输导影响

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.9.5

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 313-331.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.9.5

• 碳酸盐岩储层裂缝研究 • 上一篇下一篇

塔北-塔中地区中、下寒武统岩性组合与变形特征及其对油气输导影响

谷雨¹^,²(), 吴俊¹^,²^,^*(), 樊太亮¹^,², 吕峻岭¹^,²

1.中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院, 北京 100083
2.中国地质大学(北京) 海相储层演化与油气富集机理教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-06-17 修回日期:2024-08-13 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-10-11
通信作者: * 吴俊(1991—),男,副教授,博士生导师,主要从事碳酸盐岩油气地质方面的教学与科研工作。E-mail: junwu@cugb.edu.cn
作者简介:谷雨(1993—),男,博士研究生,从事碳酸盐岩沉积和输导方向的研究。E-mail: Gu8757@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42102151);中央高校基本科研业务费“新教师基本科研能力提升项目”(2652022034)

Lithological associations, deformation characteristics of the Lower-Middle Cambrian and their influence on oil and gas migration in the North-central Tarim Basin

GU Yu¹^,²(), WU Jun¹^,²^,^*(), FAN Tailiang¹^,², LÜ Junling¹^,²

1. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Enrichment Mechanism (Ministry of Education), China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Received:2024-06-17 Revised:2024-08-13 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-10-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木盆地塔北-塔中地区寒武系勘探生产实践揭示,油气分布严格受控于断裂,不同断裂段之间油气差异性显著,断裂带具有重要的垂向输导作用。因此,加强塔北-塔中地区中、下寒武统的岩性组合与变形特征研究,对判定整体地层变形情况和厘清影响油气输导效率的因素具有重要意义。本研究以塔里木盆地塔北-塔中地区中、下寒武统为研究对象,基于岩心、钻/测井、3D地震及生产动态数据等资料,首先开展岩石类型划分和岩性组合分析,然后通过井-震标定及区域地震剖面追踪,明确岩性组合的地震响应特征,最后指明断裂作用下目的层变形特征,揭示岩性组合与构造变形特征对油气输导效率的影响。研究结果表明:(1)研究区共发育白云岩类、含膏岩类和含泥白云岩类等3种岩石类型,根据叠置样式分为上下分段型、对称型和互层型三种岩性组合;(2)不同岩性组合的地震反射特征存在显著差异性,上下分段型岩性组合对应于上部弱振幅、下部强振幅,呈现席状平行-亚平行反射特征,对称型岩性组合表现为具有中-强振幅且连续性较好的地震反射之间夹持着弱振幅、连续性中等的席状平行反射的特征。互层型岩性组合表现为强振幅、高频率和连续性好的地震反射特征;(3)在不同的应力分段作用下,目的层变形特征分为膏岩层厚度减小、厚度增大及厚度稳定共3种类型。研究揭示出岩性组合与构造变形联合控制着油气输导,顺北区块岩性组合的叠置样式呈现明显的区域差异性,西部以对称型叠置为主,东部以上下分段型-对称型为主。对称型岩性组合的变形程度较高有利于油气输导,上下分段型岩性组合在拉分段更为有利。

关键词: 走滑断裂带, 油气输导, 岩性组合, 中、下寒武统, 塔里木盆地塔北-塔中地区

Abstract:

Exploration and production practices in the North-central Tarim Basin have revealed that the distribution of oil and gas is strictly controlled by faults, with significant variability in oil and gas between different fault segments. Fault zones played an important role in their vertical migration. Therefore, revealing lithological associations of the Lower-Middle Cambrian in the North-central regions of this basin is of great significance for determining strata deformation and clarifying factors affecting migration efficiency of oil and gas. This study was based on cores, drilling/logging, 3D seismic and production dynamic datum from this study area. Firstly, the lithological types and associations analysis were carried out. Subsequently, the seismic response characteristics of lithological associations was clarified through well-seismic calibration and regional seismic profile tracking. Finally, the deformation characteristics of target layers under fault movements was identified, and lithological associations and their deformation influences on oil and gas migration was revealed. The results can be obtained as follows: (1) The lithological types consist of dolomites, gypsum-bearing rocks and argillaceous dolomites, which are classified into three types of lithological associations according to their stacking patterns: upper and lower segmented, symmetrical and interbedded types. (2) There are significant differences in seismic reflection characteristics among lithological associations. The upper and lower segmented lithological associations are corresponded to the weak amplitude reflection at the upper part, the strong amplitude reflection and sheet parallel to sub-parallel reflection at the lower part. The symmetric lithological associations show that the seismic reflections with medium-strong amplitude and good continuity are interspersed with sheet-parallel reflections of weak amplitude and medium continuity. The interbedded lithological associations are characterized by strong amplitude, high frequency and good continuity in seismic reflection. (3) Under different stress segmentation effects, the deformation characteristics of target layers are divided into three types: thickness reduction, thickness increase, and thickness stability. The combinations of lithological associations and deformation characteristics jointly controls the oil and gas migration. There are significant differences in the stacking styles of lithological associations in the east part and west part of the Shunbei block. The west part of this study block is a symmetrical stacking, while the east part is characterized by segmented to symmetrical stacking type. The thinning of the target layer thickness is conducive to the passage of oil and gas. The symmetrical lithological association has a higher degree of deformation and fragmentation at the interface and inside the formation, which is conducive to the oil and gas migration, the upper and lower segmented lithological associations are more favorable in tension sections.

Key words: strike-slip fault, migration of oil and gas, lithological associations, the Lower- Middle Cambrian, North-central Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

谷雨, 吴俊, 樊太亮, 吕峻岭. 塔北-塔中地区中、下寒武统岩性组合与变形特征及其对油气输导影响[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(5): 313-331.

GU Yu, WU Jun, FAN Tailiang, LÜ Junling. Lithological associations, deformation characteristics of the Lower-Middle Cambrian and their influence on oil and gas migration in the North-central Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(5): 313-331.

图/表 15

图1 塔里木盆地塔北-塔中地区构造单元与寒武系综合柱状图(据文献[29]修改) A和B—塔里木盆地和塔北-塔中地区构造单元划分;C—塔北-塔中地区寒武系综合柱状图。

Fig.1 Tectonic units and column chart of Cambrian strata, North-central Tarim Basin. Modified after [29].

图2 塔里木盆地塔深5井中、下寒武统岩性组合-沉积相综合柱状图

Fig.2 Comprehensive histogram of lithological association and sedimentary facies of the Lower-Middle Cambrian in the Well TS5, Tarim Basin

图3 塔北-塔中地区TS5、TC1、LT1和ZS1井中、下寒武统不同组岩石类型累加厚度分布 A—TS5井阿瓦塔格组、沙依里克组和吾松格尔组含膏岩类的岩性厚度;B—TS5井阿瓦塔格组、沙依里克组和吾松格尔组各岩性厚度;C—LT1井阿瓦塔格组、沙依里克组和吾松格尔组各岩性厚度;D—TC1井阿瓦塔格组、沙依里克组和吾松格尔组各岩性厚度;E—TC1井吾松格尔组各岩性厚度;F—ZS1井阿瓦塔格组各岩性厚度;G—LT1井吾松格尔组各岩性厚度;H—TS1井阿瓦塔格组各岩性厚度;I—TS5井阿瓦塔格组、沙依里克组和吾松格尔组含泥白云岩类岩性具体厚度。

Fig.3 Cumulative thickness statistics of different lithological types of the Lower-Middle Cambrian in the Wells TS5、TC1、LT1 and ZS1, North-central Tarim Basin

图4 塔里木盆地塔参1井中、下寒武统岩性组合-沉积相综合柱状图

Fig.4 Comprehensive histogram of lithological association and sedimentary facies of the Lower-Middle Cambrian in the Well TC1, Tarim Basin

图5 塔北-塔中地区中、下寒武统3种类型岩性组合

Fig.5 Three types of lithological associations of the Lower-Middle Cambrian in the North-central Tarim Basin

图6 塔北地区TS5井和LT1井中、下寒武统井-震合成记录 A—TS5井合成记录,寒武系内关键地层界面反射特征及 T 8 1与 T 8 3界面之间岩性组合反射特征;B—LT1井合成记录,寒武系内关键地层界面反射特征。

Fig.6 Seismic synthesis records of the Cambrian strata from Wells TS5 and LT1 in the North Tarim Basin

表1 塔北-塔中地区中、下寒武统3种岩性组合类型对应的地震响应特征

Table 1 Response characteristics of three types of lithological associations corresponding to seismic in the North-central Tarim Basin

岩性组合类型	岩石类型	地震响应特征
上下分段型	上部为白云岩类,以白云岩和灰质白云岩为主;下部为含泥白云岩类,主要由泥质白云岩和含泥白云岩组成	上部振幅较弱、较低频率、连续性中-差和亚平行反射;下部振幅较强、连续性中-好和平行反射
对称型	中部为白云岩类,上下部为含膏岩类或含泥白云岩类,主要为膏质白云岩、泥质白云岩和含泥白云岩	整体表现为“强夹弱”的特征,即上部和下部为中-强振幅、连续性较好的反射特征夹中部的弱振幅、连续性中等的反射特征
互层型	含膏岩类与白云岩类频繁互层,呈现“薄层多段”特征	整体表现为振幅较强、较高频率和连续性好

图7 塔北地区、塔中地区和顺北区块不同岩性组合对应的地震反射特征(剖面位置见图1) A—塔北地区岩性组合的地震反射特征,a—上下分段型岩性组合对应振幅上部弱下部强、较低频率和连续性中等的反射,b和c—对称型岩性组合对应振幅两强夹一弱、较低频率和连续性中-较好的反射;B—塔中地区岩性组合的地震反射特征,d和e—互层型岩性组合对应较强振幅、较高频率和连续性好的反射;C—顺北区块岩性组合的地震反射特征,f—中-强振幅、连续性较好夹着弱振幅、高频率和连续性中等的反射。

Fig.7 Lithological associations and their corresponding seismic features in the North Tarim Basin, Central Tarim Basin and Shunbei block. The profile positions are shown in Fig.1.

图8 贯穿塔北-塔中大区域中、下寒武统不同岩性组合的地震反射特征(剖面位置见图1) A-贯穿塔北-塔中大区域原始地震剖面;B-贯穿塔北-塔中大区域地震解释剖面。

Fig.8 Seismic reflection characteristics of different lithological associations of the Lower-Middle Cambrian in the North-central Tarim Basin. The profile positions are shown in Fig. 1.

图9 顺北5号断裂带北段不同应力分段结构样式及关键界面相干平面图 A—挤压段正花状构造;B—平移段简单平移构造;C—拉分段负花状构造;D— T 8 1界面相干平面图;E— T 7 4界面相干平面图;F— T 7 0界面相干平面图;G— T 6 0界面相干平面图。

Fig.9 Architecture styles of different stress segments and coherent plane diagram of key interfaces in the northern section of Shunbei No.5 fault

图10 顺北5号断裂带北段沿走向与垂直走向的地震反射特征 A—沿顺北5号断裂带北段走向地震反射特征,识别出3类岩性组合;B—北部区域垂直于断裂带走向剖面,可见“强振幅夹弱振幅”的地震反射;C—中部区域垂直于断裂带走向剖面,整体为强振幅、高频率和连续性好的反射特征;D—南部区域垂直于断裂带走向剖面,下部的振幅强度大于上部。

Fig.10 Seismic reflection characteristics along and perpendicular to the strike of the North section of Shunbei No.5 fault

图11 塔北-塔中地区顺北区块中、下寒武统3种岩性组合类型在不同应力分段下的变形(地震剖面蓝色圈)与相应地质模式(黄色框)

Fig.11 Deformations under different stress segments of three lithological associations in the Lower-Middle Cambrian (blue circles on seismic profiles) and their corresponding geological models (yellow boxes) in the Shunbei block,Northern-central Tarim Basin

图12 顺北5号断裂带北段3种岩性组合在不同应力分段下的地层变形程度分布 A—不同岩性组合的地层变形程度;B,C和D—对称型、互层型和上下分段型岩性组合。

Fig.12 Distribution of stratum deformation degree under different stress segments for three lithological associations in the Northern section of Shunbei No.5 fault

图13 顺北5号断裂带北段不同应力分段的地层变形特征与油气产量关系 A—各井对应的应力分段与岩性组合分布;B和C—对称型和互层型岩性组合对应地震反射特征;D—不同应力分段对应的产量分布直方图;E—地层变形程度与产量交会图。

Fig.13 Relationship between strata deformation with different stress segments and their productions of oil and gas in the Northern section of Shunbei No.5 fault

图14 塔北-塔中地区顺北区块中、下寒武统岩性组合变形与油气输导模式

Fig.14 Conceptual model of lithological associations deformation and migration of oil and gas in the Shunbei block, North-central Tarim Basin

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塔北-塔中地区中、下寒武统岩性组合与变形特征及其对油气输导影响

Lithological associations, deformation characteristics of the Lower-Middle Cambrian and their influence on oil and gas migration in the North-central Tarim Basin

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