耦合CO2脱气的岩溶地热水结垢趋势定量分析

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.82

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

岩溶地热系统是最具开发潜力的水热型地热系统之一,在水热型地热资源利用中,地热水结垢(尤其是井下结垢)是目前面临的最普遍、最重要的问题之一,制约着地热水资源可持续利用。针对岩溶地热水结垢趋势分析方法存在的不足,在重点考虑CO₂脱气这一重要过程对结垢趋势影响的基础上,利用化学热力学模拟技术构建了一种耦合CO₂脱气过程的结垢趋势定量分析的改进方法,并将其应用于南京汤山岩溶地热区。结果表明汤山地区地热水不具有发生SiO₂结垢的趋势;在井口有发生碳酸盐结垢趋势,主要成分为CaCO₃;井筒中下部有发生不同程度的硫酸盐结垢趋势,主要成分为CaSO₄,SrSO₄,BaSO₄。本研究在改进结垢趋势分析方法不足的同时,为防垢除垢工作提供了理论基础和方法指导,可有力促进地热水资源的可持续利用。

关键词: 岩溶地热水, 可持续利用, 结垢趋势分析, CO₂脱气, 地球化学模拟, 汤山

Abstract:

Low-to-medium temperature fluid reservoirs hosted in carbonate rocks represent a promising yet relatively unknown hydrothermal geothermal system. Scaling of geothermal water, particularly underground scaling, poses a significant challenge in the sustainable utilization of geothermal resources. To address the limitations of current methods for analyzing karstic geothermal water scaling trends, a chemical thermodynamic simulation approach was employed to develop an enhanced method for quantitatively assessing scaling trends in geothermal water, considering CO₂ degassing effects. This study focused on the influence of CO₂ degassing on scaling trends. The scaling tendency of the Tangshan karstic geothermal area in Nanjing was quantitatively analyzed using the improved method. Results indicate that the geothermal water in the Tangshan area exhibits a propensity for carbonate scaling at the wellhead, primarily composed of CaCO₃, and varying degrees of sulfate scaling in the middle and lower sections of the wellbore, with main components including CaSO₄, SrSO₄, and BaSO₄. By addressing the limitations of existing scaling trend analysis methods, this study offers a theoretical foundation and methodological guidance for scale prevention and removal, thereby facilitating the sustainable utilization of geothermal water resources.

Key words: karstic geothermal water, sustainable utilization, analysis of scaling tendency, CO₂ degassing, geochemical modeling, Tangshan

中图分类号:

P641

吕良华, 王水. 耦合CO₂脱气的岩溶地热水结垢趋势定量分析[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(3): 402-409.

LÜ Lianghua, WANG Shui. Quantitative analysis of scaling tendency of karstic geothermal water coupled with CO₂ degassing[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(3): 402-409.

图/表 8

参考文献 44

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样品编号	水样类型		井口温度/ ℃	pH	电导率/ (μS·cm^-1)	TDS浓度/ (mg·L^-1)
W1	地热水	336	48.3	7.1	2 490	1 335.3
W2	地热水	2 005	40.1	8.0	2 113	1 376.0
W3	地热水	230	64.3	7.2	3 190	1 575.0
W4	地热水	200	35.1	7.7	1 344	713.3
W5	地热水	306.5	64.7	7.4	3 140	1 580.2
W6	地热水	280	34.1	7.2	1 823	1 132.0
W7	地热水	230	65.3	7.6	3 110	1 538.5

样品编号	水样类型		井口温度/ ℃	pH	电导率/ (μS·cm^-1)	TDS浓度/ (mg·L^-1)
W1	地热水	336	48.3	7.1	2 490	1 335.3
W2	地热水	2 005	40.1	8.0	2 113	1 376.0
W3	地热水	230	64.3	7.2	3 190	1 575.0
W4	地热水	200	35.1	7.7	1 344	713.3
W5	地热水	306.5	64.7	7.4	3 140	1 580.2
W6	地热水	280	34.1	7.2	1 823	1 132.0
W7	地热水	230	65.3	7.6	3 110	1 538.5

样品编号	主量组分浓度/(mg·L^-1)									相对误差 E/%	水化学类型
样品编号	Na	K	Mg	Ca	Cl	NO₃	SO₄	HCO₃	CO₃	相对误差 E/%	水化学类型
W1	15.5	8.3	53.3	317.5	15.8	1.5	838.5	166.2	0.0	1.1	SO₄-Ca
W2	20.0	10.9	56.1	296.7	15.9	4.8	918.6	102.5	0.0	-1.9	SO₄-Ca
W3	18.7	11.0	60.1	378.0	30.5	0.3	1 002.9	141.4	0.0	1.6	SO₄-Ca
W4	15.7	4.3	27.8	185.2	19.8	3.7	319.8	270.5	0.0	2.4	SO₄·HCO₃-Ca
W5	17.6	10.9	60.4	380.4	24.6	5.1	1 012.9	130.8	0.0	1.9	SO₄-Ca
W6	12.1	4.6	48.3	278.6	8.2	15.6	635.8	254.6	0.0	1.7	SO₄-Ca
W7	17.2	10.4	58.2	360.3	23.6	8.7	966.1	182.1	0.0	-0.4	SO₄-Ca

样品编号	主量组分浓度/(mg·L^-1)									相对误差 E/%	水化学类型
样品编号	Na	K	Mg	Ca	Cl	NO₃	SO₄	HCO₃	CO₃	相对误差 E/%	水化学类型
W1	15.5	8.3	53.3	317.5	15.8	1.5	838.5	166.2	0.0	1.1	SO₄-Ca
W2	20.0	10.9	56.1	296.7	15.9	4.8	918.6	102.5	0.0	-1.9	SO₄-Ca
W3	18.7	11.0	60.1	378.0	30.5	0.3	1 002.9	141.4	0.0	1.6	SO₄-Ca
W4	15.7	4.3	27.8	185.2	19.8	3.7	319.8	270.5	0.0	2.4	SO₄·HCO₃-Ca
W5	17.6	10.9	60.4	380.4	24.6	5.1	1 012.9	130.8	0.0	1.9	SO₄-Ca
W6	12.1	4.6	48.3	278.6	8.2	15.6	635.8	254.6	0.0	1.7	SO₄-Ca
W7	17.2	10.4	58.2	360.3	23.6	8.7	966.1	182.1	0.0	-0.4	SO₄-Ca

深度/ m	温度/ ℃	压力/ bar	CO₂ 脱气量/ (mol·kg^-1)	CaCO₃ 结垢量/ (g·L^-1)	BaSO₄ 结垢量/ (g·L^-1)	CaSO₄ 结垢量/ (g·L^-1)
0	48.3	1.0	0.038 8	0.041 4	4.16E-05
20	49.8	3.0	0.054 4		4.27E-05
40	51.4	6.0	0.050 2		4.49E-05
60	52.9	9.0	0.046 1		4.67E-05
80	54.4	12.0	0.042 6		4.82E-05
100	56.0	15.0	0.039 3		4.94E-05
120	57.5	18.0	0.036 4		5.05E-05
140	59.0	21.0	0.033 6		5.13E-05
160	60.5	24.0	0.031 2		5.21E-05
180	62.1	27.0	0.029		5.27E-05
200	63.6	30.0	0.026 9		5.33E-05
220	65.1	33.0	0.025 1		5.38E-05
240	66.7	36.0	0.023 4		5.40E-05
260	68.2	39.0	0.021 9		5.41E-05	0.089 9
280	69.7	42.0	0.020 5		5.42E-05	0.134 7
300	71.3	45.0	0.019 3		5.43E-05	0.176 4
320	72.8	48.0	0.014 6		5.44E-05	0.215 5
336	74.0	50.4	—		5.44E-05	0.244 9

耦合CO₂脱气的岩溶地热水结垢趋势定量分析

Quantitative analysis of scaling tendency of karstic geothermal water coupled with CO₂ degassing

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深度/ m	温度/ ℃	压力/ bar	CO₂ 脱气量 (mol· kg^-1)	CaCO₃ 结垢量/ (g·L^-1)	BaSO₄ 结垢量/ (g·L^-1)	CaSO₄ 结垢量/ (g·L^-1)	CaSO₄· 2H₂O 结垢量/ (g·L^-1)
0	40.1	1.0	0.294 4	0.015 8	5.66E-05
100	42.3	15.0	0.244 2		6.55E-05
200	44.5	30.0	0.184 5		6.96E-05
300	46.7	45.0	0.136 6		7.14E-05
400	48.9	60.0	0.098 7		7.22E-05		0.057 8
500	51.1	75.0	0.068 7		7.26E-05	0.143 5
600	53.2	90.0	0.067 1		7.28E-05	0.213 6
700	55.4	105.0	0.011 1		7.30E-05	0.277 6
800	57.6	120.0	0.011 4		7.28E-05	0.299 7
900	59.8	135.0	0.012		7.27E-05	0.322 0
1 000	62.0	150.0	0.012 4		7.26E-05	0.344 6
1 100	64.2	165.0	0.012 9		7.25E-05	0.367 3
1 200	66.4	180.0	0.017 9		7.24E-05	0.390 0
1 300	68.6	195.0	0.012 1		7.23E-05	0.415 4
1 400	70.8	210.0	0.012 2		7.22E-05	0.437 0
1 500	73.0	225.0	0.012 6		7.21E-05	0.458 4
1 600	75.1	240.0	0.013 1		7.20E-05	0.479 6
1 700	77.3	255.0	0.013 7		7.19E-05	0.500 6
1 800	79.5	270.0	0.014 4		7.18E-05	0.521 4
1 900	81.7	285.0	0.015 1		7.17E-05	0.542 1
2 000	83.9	300.0	0.000 8		7.16E-05	0.562 5
2 005	84.0	300.8	—		7.16E-05	0.563 4

深度/ m	温度/ ℃	压力/ bar	CO₂ 脱气量 (mol· kg^-1)	CaCO₃ 结垢量/ (g·L^-1)	BaSO₄ 结垢量/ (g·L^-1)	CaSO₄ 结垢量/ (g·L^-1)	CaSO₄· 2H₂O 结垢量/ (g·L^-1)
0	64.7	1.0	0.030 3	0.040 0	5.12E-05	0.004 9
20	66.2	3.0	0.043 2		5.23E-05	0.003 6
40	67.6	6.0	0.040 5		5.44E-05	0.001 8
60	69.1	9.0	0.038 1		5.62E-05	0.000 1	0.005 3
80	70.5	12.0	0.035 7		5.73E-05		0.081 7
100	72.0	15.0	0.033 5		5.82E-05		0.151 0
120	73.4	18.0	0.031 7		5.90E-05		0.212 0
140	74.9	21.0	0.029 8		5.97E-05		0.272 0
160	76.3	24.0	0.028 2		6.03E-05		0.325 1
180	77.8	27.0	0.026 6		6.08E-05		0.374 1
200	79.3	30.0	0.025 2		6.12E-05		0.419 5
220	80.7	33.0	0.024		6.17E-05		0.461 6
240	82.2	36.0	0.022 7		6.20E-05		0.500 8
260	83.6	39.0	0.020 8		6.23E-05		0.537 3
280	85.1	42.0	0.021 6		6.26E-05		0.571 0
300	86.5	45.0	0.005 9		6.29E-05		0.603 8
306	87.0	45.9	—		6.29E-05		0.613 3

深度/ m	温度/ ℃	压力/ bar	CO₂脱气量/ (mol·kg^-1)	CaCO₃ 结垢量/ (g·L^-1)	BaSO₄ 结垢量/ (g·L^-1)
0	34.1	1	0.051 2	0.060 9	2.14E-05
20	35.3	3	0.071 8		2.28E-05
40	36.5	6	0.065 8		2.55E-05
60	37.7	9	0.060 3		2.75E-05
80	38.9	12	0.055 2		2.92E-05
100	40.1	15	0.050 7		3.05E-05
120	41.3	18	0.046 5		3.15E-05
140	42.5	21	0.042 7		3.24E-05
160	43.8	24	0.039 1		3.31E-05
180	45.0	27	0.035 9		3.37E-05
200	46.2	30	0.033		3.42E-05
220	47.4	33	0.030 3		3.46E-05
240	48.6	36	0.027 8		3.54E-05
260	49.8	39	0.025 5		3.89E-05
280	51.0	42	—		3.55E-05

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