钛同位素地球化学综述

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2019.4.41

地学前缘 ›› 2020, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 68-77.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2019.4.41

• “非传统稳定同位素：分析方法、示踪机理和主要应用”主题专辑 • 上一篇下一篇

钛同位素地球化学综述

赵新苗¹^,²(), 唐索寒³^,⁴, 李津³^,⁴, 朱祥坤³^,⁴, 王辉¹^,⁵, 李志汉¹^,⁵, 张宏福⁶

1.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所; 岩石圈演化国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
2.中国科学院地球科学研究院, 北京 100029
3.自然资源部深地动力学重点实验室; 中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037
4.自然资源部同位素地质重点实验室; 中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037
5.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
6.西北大学地质学系; 大陆动力学国家重点实验室, 陕西西安 710069

收稿日期:2019-10-20 修回日期:2020-01-25 出版日期:2020-05-20 发布日期:2020-05-20
作者简介:赵新苗(1981—),女,博士,副研究员,主要从事非传统稳定同位素地球化学和地幔地球化学研究。E-mail: xinmiao312@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41973015);国家自然科学基金项目(41673021);国家自然科学基金项目(41473005);国家自然科学基金项目(41688103);国家自然科学基金项目(41430104);国家自然科学基金项目(41873027)

A review of titanium isotope geochemistry

ZHAO Xinmiao¹^,²(), TANG Suohan³^,⁴, LI Jin³^,⁴, ZHU Xiangkun³^,⁴, WANG Hui¹^,⁵, LI Zhihan¹^,⁵, ZHANG Hongfu⁶

1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Beijing 100029, China
2. Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
3. Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
4. Key Laboratory of Isotope Geology, Ministry of Natural Resources; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
6. Department of Geology, Northwest University; State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Xi'an 710069, China

Received:2019-10-20 Revised:2020-01-25 Online:2020-05-20 Published:2020-05-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着分析技术的进步,非传统稳定同位素体系在地球化学、天体化学和生物地球化学等研究领域的应用日益广泛。钛(Ti)是一个非常重要的过渡族金属元素,在地球和其他类地球行星中广泛存在。但是由于Ti是一种难熔的、流体不活动性元素,高温地质过程中Ti同位素分馏很小。人们对Ti同位素体系的地球化学应用的关注相对其他非传统稳定同位非常有限。而近年来,随着化学纯化方案的优化以及双稀释剂方法的改进和仪器质谱性能的提高,Ti同位素组成的高精度测试已经能够实现。天然样品中Ti同位素组成的变化随之得以发现,使得学者们能够利用这一新的稳定同位素体系来解决与高温和低温地球化学相关的问题。很快Ti同位素体系地球化学研究成为当前国际地质学界的前沿研究课题和新的发展方向之一。本文首先在简要介绍Ti元素和Ti同位素体地球化学性质的基础上,介绍了Ti元素化学分离和Ti同位素分析方法。随后笔者总结了已有的不同类型球粒陨石和地球样品的质量相关Ti同位素组成研究结果,对硅酸盐地球的Ti同位素组成做了初步评估。前人对高温地质样品的Ti同位素组成研究初步探明Ti同位素在岩浆演化过程,例如部分熔融和结晶分异等重要地质过程中的分馏行为。笔者在此基础上探讨了结晶分异过程中引起Ti同位素分馏的主要控制因素,指出Ti同位素是潜在的研究岩浆演化过程的新工具。最后笔者探讨了Ti同位素地球化学未来的发展方向,以加速我国在Ti同位素地球化学方面的应用研究。

关键词: 钛, 钛同位素, 同位素质量分馏, 地球化学示踪

Abstract:

Advances in analytical techniques lead to increasing application of non-traditional stable isotope in the investigation of high-temperature processes, such as magmatic differentiation, core formation, and early solar nebula evaporation and condensation. Although titanium (Ti) is a very important transition metal element occurring widely on Earth and other Earth-like planets, Ti stable isotope has received little attention to date. This is because Ti is relatively insoluble in sub-critical aqueous fluids and is highly refractory, i.e., resistant to later modification or resetting by metamorphism or alteration. Its isotopic variations have seldom been measured. Recent advances in double spike technique and the development of multi-collector inductively coupled plasma (MC-ICPMS) make it possible to acquire Ti isotopes with high precision. As a result, significant fractionation of Ti stable isotope has been found in natural samples. The large fractionation has important implications for the measurement and application of Ti isotopes, with great potential in tracing various geological processes. In this review, we summarized the recent advances, important applications and future directions of Ti isotope geochemistry. We start with a brief summary on nomenclatures and analytical methods, followed by Ti isotopic compositions of chondrites and Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE), then with a summary on the magnitude and mechanisms of Ti isotopic fractionation during magmatic differentiation at high temperatures. It seems that Ti isotopes can serve as high-fidelity tracers of magmatic evolution and genesis of ancient igneous rocks and Earth's crust. Finally we highlight future work needed to advance the research and applications of Ti isotope geochemistry.

Key words: titanium, titanium isotopes, mass-dependent isotope fractionation, geochemical tracer

中图分类号:

P597.2

赵新苗, 唐索寒, 李津, 朱祥坤, 王辉, 李志汉, 张宏福. 钛同位素地球化学综述[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(3): 68-77.

ZHAO Xinmiao, TANG Suohan, LI Jin, ZHU Xiangkun, WANG Hui, LI Zhihan, ZHANG Hongfu. A review of titanium isotope geochemistry[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(3): 68-77.

图/表 3

图1 不同类型球粒陨石、地质样品和岩石标样的Ti同位素组成

Fig.1 Titanium isotopic compositions of reference materials, igneous rocks and chondrites

图2 火山岩Ti同位素组成与其MgO(a)和SiO2(b)含量相关性投图 MORB数据引自[48,51],Ocean island basalts数据引自[48,52],Arc basalts数据引自[48],其他火山岩数据引自[48-49]。火山岩按照其主量分为含Fe-Ti氧化物和不含Fe-Ti氧化物。图中灰色阴影区和黑色虚线代表硅酸盐地球的Ti同位素组成,数据引自[48];橙色阴影区和虚线代表Greber等[50]报道的球粒陨石的Ti同位素平均值;棕色阴影区和虚线代表Deng等[34]报道的球粒陨石的Ti同位素平均值。

Fig.2 Plots of δ49/47TiOL-Ti vs. whole-rock MgO (a) and SiO2 (b) contents

图3 火山岩结晶分异导致的残余熔体Ti同位素变化的瑞利分馏模拟(a);分离结晶矿物与残余熔体瞬时同位素分馏系数(Δ49/47Timineral-melt,T=1 200 K)与火山岩SiO2含量投图(b);磁铁矿的TiO2含量与火山岩SiO2含量投图(c) 图3c中的小符号代表冰岛Hekla、南非Afar和印度尼西亚巴厘岛Agung火山岩中实测的磁铁矿氧化钛含量,数据来自[74-77];Mt代表磁铁矿。

Fig.3 (a) Correlation between δ49/47TiOL-Ti and -ln fTi. (b) Correlation between instant Δ49/47Timineral-melt (corrected to T=1200 K, using Δ49/47Timineral-melt=α/T2, where α is a constant) and SiO2 contents for the Hekla, Afar and Agung samples. (c) Predicted TiO2 content of magnetite by MELTS program vs. measured SiO2 content of whole rock for the Hekla, Afar and Agung samples.

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钛同位素地球化学综述

A review of titanium isotope geochemistry

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