南海北部琼东南盆地砂质天然气水合物储层沉积特征及成藏模式

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.6.52

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 94-112.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.6.52

• 南海北部天然气水合物储层沉积特征与运聚体系 • 上一篇下一篇

南海北部琼东南盆地砂质天然气水合物储层沉积特征及成藏模式

任金锋¹(), 陈雨核², 徐梦婕¹, 李廷微¹, 王笑雪¹, 赖洪飞¹, 谢莹锋¹, 匡增桂¹^,^*()

1.广州海洋地质调查局天然气水合物勘查开发国家工程研究中心, 广东广州 511458
2.中国地质大学(武汉)海洋学院, 湖北武汉 430074

收稿日期:2023-04-10 修回日期:2024-12-31 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-25
通信作者: *匡增桂(1983—),男,正高级工程师,主要从事水合物勘查与成藏研究。E-mail:kgz2001@163.com
作者简介:任金锋(1987—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事天然气水合物储层沉积与成藏研究。E-mail:jf_ren@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC2814701);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2800901);国家自然科学基金项目(42376221);国家自然科学基金项目(42276083);广州海洋地质调查局局长科研基金项目(2023GMGSJZJJ00030);广州市科技计划项目(2023A04J0241);广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目(2020B0301030003);中国地质调查局二级项目(DD20230064)

Sedimentary characteristics and accumulation model of sand-rich gas hydrate reservoir in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

REN Jinfeng¹(), CHEN Yuhe², XU Mengjie¹, LI Tingwei¹, WANG Xiaoxue¹, LAI Hongfei¹, XIE Yingfeng¹, KUANG Zenggui¹^,^*()

1. National Engineering Research Center of Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 511458, China
2. College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2023-04-10 Revised:2024-12-31 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

砂质水合物储层是国际上水合物勘查试采的首选目标,我国在南海北部琼东南盆地钻探发现了高饱和度砂质水合物。通过三维地震、测井、岩心及测试分析资料,证实了规模化成藏的砂质水合物藏。砂质水合物储层表现为低自然伽马、低西格玛、高电阻率、高声波速度和T2谱信号幅度急剧降低等测井响应特征,同时纵波及横波信号均明显衰减。砂层呈楔形近水平席状分布。岩性为粗粉砂-细砂为主,属于深水浊积体系末端的朵体沉积。剖面上,水合物和游离气具有同层分布、横向过渡的特点。平面上,水合物藏呈现椭圆形分布,中部发育伴生游离气,外围发育水合物。与世界其他海域钻探发现的倾斜砂质水合物储层不同的是,该水合物藏是在稳定域底界附近的水平砂层,在下伏气烟囱背景下局部高热流驱动和上覆细粒沉积地层的封盖下,充足游离气由中部向外横向长运移而形成大面积高饱和度水合物。

关键词: 砂质水合物, 气烟囱, 深水朵体沉积, 横向接触成藏, 琼东南盆地

Abstract:

Sand-rich gas hydrate reservoirs are prime targets for hydrate exploration and test production worldwide. Concentrated hydrate in sand-rich reservoirs has been drilled in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea. Based on 3D seismic data, well logging, core samples, and test analysis, the large-scale accumulation of sand-rich gas hydrate has been confirmed. The sand-rich hydrate reservoir is characterized by low gamma ray, low sigma, high resistivity, increased P-wave and S-wave velocities, and a sharp reduction in T₂ spectrum signal amplitude. Additionally, high attenuation of P- and S-waves is observed in hydrate-bearing zones. The sand layer is distributed in a wedge-shaped horizontal sheet. The lithology is mainly coarse silt to fine sand, developed in the terminal lobe of deep-water turbidite systems. In vertical sections, gas hydrate and free gas exhibit co-layered distribution and lateral transition characteristics. In map view, the gas hydrate reservoir shows an elliptical distribution, with free gas concentrated in the center and gas hydrate developed in the periphery. Unlike gas hydrate reservoirs in dipping sands of other regions worldwide, the gas hydrate reservoir in the Qiongdongnan Basin was formed in a horizontal sand layer near the base of the hydrate stability zone. The formation of highly saturated hydrate was driven by locally high heat flow at the top of the underlying gas chimney and capped by overlying fine-grained sediments. A large area of hydrate was formed through radially lateral, long-distance migration of sufficient free gas from the center to the periphery.

Key words: sand-hosted hydrate, gas chimney, deep-water lobe deposits, lateral accumulation, Qiongdongnan Basin

中图分类号:

P618.13

任金锋, 陈雨核, 徐梦婕, 李廷微, 王笑雪, 赖洪飞, 谢莹锋, 匡增桂. 南海北部琼东南盆地砂质天然气水合物储层沉积特征及成藏模式[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(2): 94-112.

REN Jinfeng, CHEN Yuhe, XU Mengjie, LI Tingwei, WANG Xiaoxue, LAI Hongfei, XIE Yingfeng, KUANG Zenggui. Sedimentary characteristics and accumulation model of sand-rich gas hydrate reservoir in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(2): 94-112.

图/表 14

图1 琼东南盆地区域地质和天然气水合物分布图 a—琼东南盆地地理位置及研究区位置图;b—研究区甲烷水合物稳定带底界的地震均方根振幅图(高振幅值代表游离气分布范围)。

Fig.1 Regional geological map and gas hydrate distribution of Qiongdongnan Basin

图2 研究区层序地层格架及其沉积体系 a—松南低凸起之上穿越水合物矿体的地震层序地层解释图(图中垂直的虚线代表平面位置折线的位置)(位置见图1b);b—研究区第四纪水道-天然堤和块体流沉积体系(位置见图2a)。

Fig.2 Sequence stratigraphic framework and associated sedimentary system in the study area

图3 GMGS8-W05井砂质水合物层和砂质水层的测井响应特征

Fig.3 Logging characteristics of sand-rich hydrate-bearing formation and water-bearing formation in Well GMGS8-W05

图4 砂质水合物储层岩心及其红外测量 a—岩心照片及其岩性解释;b—岩心红外测量。

Fig.4 Core photos of sand-rich hydrate-bearing reservoir and associated infrared measurement

图5 GMGS8-W05井127.1~132.3 mbsf岩心的岩性分类及其颗粒组分分布 a—岩性三角图;b—颗粒组分分布图。

Fig.5 The lithological classification and grain fraction of sediment cores obtained from 127.1-132.3 mbsf of Well GMGS8-W05

图6 GMGS8-W05井测井GR—自然伽马、RES_BD—深纽扣电阻率、RHON—中子密度、DTCO—纵波速度与过井剖面地震联合标定及其地震地层单元划分

Fig.6 Calibration of well-seismic section in Well GMGS8-W05 and associated division of seismic stratigraphic units

图7 砂质水合物藏的发育特征 a—砂质水合物和游离气平面分布;b—砂质水合物和游离气地震响应特征;c—渗漏通道地震反射特征。

Fig.7 Development features of sand-rich gas hydrate reservoir

图8 GMGS6-W09井测井GR—自然伽马、RES_BD—电阻率、RHON—中子密度和DTCO—纵波速度与过井剖面地震的联合标定及其地震地层单元划分

Fig.8 Calibration of well-seismic section in Well GMGS6-W09 and associated division of seismic stratigraphic units

图9 GMGS8-W22井测井(GR—自然伽马、RES_BD—电阻率、RHON—中子密度和DTCO—纵波速度)与过井剖面地震的联合标定及其地震地层单元划分

Fig.9 Calibration of well-seismic section in Well GMGS8-W22 and associated division of seismic stratigraphic units

图10 水合物矿体与水道天然堤沉积体系的空间配置关系 a—过GMGS5-W09和GMGS8-W22井的地震剖面(位置图见图1b);b—过GMGS5-W08和GMGS6-W09井的地震剖面(位置图见图1b);c—过GMGS5-W07和GMGS8-W05井的地震剖面(位置图见图1b)。

Fig.10 The spatial distribution of the gas hydrate reservoir in relation to the channel-levee system

图11 砂层平面分布范围 a—Hmc沿层振幅属性图; b—沉积相分布图。

Fig.11 The horizontal distribution of the sand layer

图12 GMGS 5-W07 和GMGS 8-W05 连井对比分析

Fig.12 Comparative analysis of Wells GMGS5-W07 and GMGS8-W05

图13 气烟囱背景下砂质水合物和游离气同层分布、横向过渡成藏模式

Fig.13 Accumulation model of a co-layered distribution and a lateral transition of gas hydrate and free gas in the background of a gas chimney

图14 世界海域典型砂质水合物储层沉积特征对比图(b据文献[9]修改;c据文献[8]修改;d据文献[39]修改;e据文献[11]修改) a—深水浊积沉积相关的地貌单元示意图;b—日本Nankai海槽;c—印度孟加拉湾K-G盆地;d—美国墨西哥湾WR 313区块;e—美国墨西哥湾GC955区块;f—中国南海琼东南盆地。

Fig.14 Comparison of sedimentary characteristics of typical sand-rich gas hydrate reservoirs in the world sea (b) Modified after [9]; (c) Modified after [8]; (d) Modified after [39]; (e) Modified after [11].

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南海北部琼东南盆地砂质天然气水合物储层沉积特征及成藏模式

Sedimentary characteristics and accumulation model of sand-rich gas hydrate reservoir in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

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