NYF型伟晶岩岩浆-热液演化与稀有稀土金属超常富集

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.5.6

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

NYF型伟晶岩作为重要的战略性矿产资源,一直未受到广泛关注。相对于LCT型伟晶岩,NYF型伟晶岩的内部结构分带较差,极少存在区域性分带,但发育大量Nb、Y、F等矿物。铌铁矿族矿物、云母族矿物、电气石等矿物的地球化学特征能精细揭示NYF型伟晶岩的岩浆-热液演化过程,反映其演化程度。挥发分F、B、P和H₂O等不仅影响NYF型伟晶岩的结晶分异程度,对稀有稀土金属元素超常富集也起至关重要的作用。稀有稀土金属元素的富集、迁移与结晶贯穿整个NYF型伟晶岩的岩浆阶段、岩浆-热液过渡阶段以及热液阶段;高度演化的NYF型伟晶岩中,可以发生铌矿化、铍矿化、铷矿化、稀土 (Y、Ce、Sc等) 矿化以及锆-钍-铀矿化等。今后我国应将碱性岩-碱性花岗岩区域作为NYF型伟晶岩重点勘查区,加强NYF型伟晶岩的研究力度和指导找矿。

关键词: 结构分带, 结晶分异, 岩浆-热液演化过程, 伟晶岩成因, 稀有金属矿化, 稀土金属矿化

Abstract:

NYF pegmatites as an important strategic mineral resource have not been widely studied. Compared to LCT pegmatites, NYF pegmatites have poor internal structural zonation and regional zonation but contain large amounts of Nb, Y, F and other rare minerals. The geochemical characteristics of columbite-/mica-group minerals and tourmaline can accurately reveal the magmatic-hydrothermal evolutionary process and reflect the degree of internal differentiation of NYF pegmatites; whereas volatile components such as F, B, P and H₂O not only affect the degree of internal differentiation of the pegmatites but also play a crucial role in the super enrichment of rare elements. The enrichment, migration and crystallization of rare elements take place through all stages of magmatic-hydrothermal evolution; and the mineralization of rare metals (Nb, Be, Rb, Zr, Th, U) and rare earths (Y, Ce, Sc, etc.) may occur in the highly evolved pegmatites. In future, alkaline rocks/granites should be key exploration targets for NYF pegmatites; and researches on NYF pegmatites should be strengthened to guide ore prospecting.

Key words: structural zonation, crystallization differentiation, magmatic-hydrothermal evolution process, origin of pegmatite, rare metal mineralization, rare-earth mineralization

中图分类号:

P57
P588.13

饶灿, 王吴梦雨, 王琪, 张志琦, 吴润秋. NYF型伟晶岩岩浆-热液演化与稀有稀土金属超常富集[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(5): 106-114.

RAO Can, WANGWU Mengyu, WANG Qi, ZHANG Zhiqi, WU Runqiu. Overview of magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of and rare element super enrichment in NYF pegmatites[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(5): 106-114.

图/表 4

图1 NYF型伟晶岩结构示意图(a)及浙江临安地区石室寺NYF伟晶岩样品(b-e) 1—细晶岩相;2—梳状伟晶岩相;3—块体钾长石;4—片状云母;5—块体石英;6—伟晶岩接触带;Qtz—石英;Ab—钠长石;Ms—白云母;Fsp—钾长石。

Fig.1 Internal zonal structure of NYF pegmatites (a) and specimens of the Shishsi NYF pegmatite (b-e) in Lin’an, Zhejiang Province

图2 浙江临安地区河桥A型花岗岩的判别图

Fig.2 Discrimination diagrams of the Heqiao granite in Lin’an, Zhejiang Province

图3 浙江临安地区河桥花岗质岩石中云母中 (Fe+Mn+Ti+AlVI)-(Mg-Li)分类图解

Fig.3 Quadrilateral classification diagram showing chemical variation of mica-group minerals from the Heqiao granite in Lin’an, Zhejiang Province

表1 NYF型伟晶岩中的稀有稀土金属矿物及其结晶阶段

Table 1 Rare minerals in NYF pegmatites and their crystallization stages

矿物种类	矿物名	晶体化学式
铌钽钨氧化物	铌铁矿	FeNb₂O₆
	铌锰矿	MnNb₂O₆
	钽铁矿	FeTa₂O₆
	钽锰矿	MnTa₂O₆
	重钽铁矿	FeTa₂O₆
	铌钨矿物	(Fe,Mn,Nb,W,Ta)₂O₄
	黑钨矿	FeWO₄
	白钨矿	CaWO₄
	细晶石	(Ca,Na)₂(Ta,Nb)₂O₆(O,OH,F)
铈矿物	独居石	CePO₄
	氟铈矿	CeF₃
	氟碳铈矿	CeCO₃F
	直氟碳钙铈矿	CaCe(CO₃)₂F
	铈易解石	Ce(Ti,Nb)₂O₆
钇矿物	磷钇矿	YPO₄
	褐钇铌矿	YNbO₄
	黑稀金矿	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Ti,Nb,Ta)₂O₆
	钇易解石	Y(Ti,Nb)₂O₆
铍矿物	绿柱石	Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆
铍矿物	整柱石	Ca₂K(Be₂Al)Si₁₂O₃₀(H₂O)
钛矿物	金红石	TiO₂
钛矿物	钛铁矿	FeTiO₃
钍石-锆石	钍石	ThSiO₄
钍石-锆石	锆石	ZrSiO₄

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