融冰期北极楚科奇海陆架中心区硅限制与来源补充

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.17

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 103-112.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.17

• 深海生物地球化学过程 • 上一篇下一篇

融冰期北极楚科奇海陆架中心区硅限制与来源补充

刘洁¹^,²(), 李中乔²^,^*(), 张安余², 任健², 白有成², 庄燕培², 李杨杰², 李宏亮², 金海燕²^,³, 陈建芳²^,³^,^*()

1.上海交通大学海洋学院, 上海 200030
2.自然资源部第二海洋研究所海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310012
3.自然资源部第二海洋研究所卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310012

收稿日期:2021-09-29 修回日期:2021-12-16 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-07-28
通讯作者: 李中乔,陈建芳
作者简介:刘洁(1995—),女,硕士,主要从事硅的海洋生物地球化学循环。E-mail: Joye.L@sjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41941013);国家自然科学基金项目(41906200);国家自然科学基金项目(42076242);自然资源部第二海洋研究所基本科研业务费(JG1806);自然资源部第二海洋研究所基本科研业务费(JG1911);河口海岸学国家重点实验室开放基金资助课题(SKLEC-KF201907);河口海岸学国家重点实验室开放基金资助课题(SKLEC-KF202109)

Silicon limitation and replenishment in central Arctic Chukchi Sea Shelf region during ice melting period

LIU Jie¹^,²(), LI Zhongqiao²^,^*(), ZHANG Anyu², REN Jian², BAI Youcheng², ZHUANG Yanpei², LI Yangjie², LI Hongliang², JIN Haiyan²^,³, CHEN Jianfang²^,³^,^*()

1. School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
2. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China

Received:2021-09-29 Revised:2021-12-16 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-28
Contact: LI Zhongqiao,CHEN Jianfang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相对氮亏损(N:P约为7,小于16)的太平洋入流水携带的营养盐是支撑北冰洋上层生态系统的重要物质基础。海冰消退,光限制消失,楚科奇海陆架存在强烈的营养盐消耗与利用,广泛认为其表现为氮限制,因此该区域重点关注氮元素循环,对于硅元素的相关研究较少。本文基于2016年中国第七次北极科学考察和中国-俄罗斯首次联合北极科学考察两个同步进行的航次调查结果,全面展示了融冰期整个楚科奇海陆架区的营养盐分布格局。结果显示,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐表层基本耗尽;硅酸盐表现为中心低,周围高,陆架中心区是强烈的硅限制区域,受到硅和氮的共同限制。沿着太平洋入流方向,S01、R01、LV77-01站位30 m以深硅酸盐浓度高于太平洋入流水端员,说明沉积物孔隙水向底层水释放硅酸盐,因此在浅水陆架区孔隙水可作为上层海洋硅酸盐的潜在来源。本研究结合文献数据计算得到楚科奇海陆架沉积物-水界面硅酸盐年通量为630.78 mmol·m^-2·a^-1,总量为3.75×10¹¹ mol·a^-1,是太平洋入流水所携带硅酸盐年通量的一半(6.59×10¹¹ mol·a^-1),表明沉积物孔隙水也是楚科奇海陆架硅酸盐的重要来源。

关键词: 北极, 楚科奇海陆架, 硅酸盐, 硅限制

Abstract:

The relatively nitrogen-deprived (16>N:P≈7) nutrients carried by Pacific water inflow provide important support to the upper Arctic Ocean ecosystem. In the Chukchi Sea Shelf region nutrient consumption is strong as sea ice retreats and light becomes more accessible. It is generally believed that the primary production of this region is mainly limited by nitrogen, while little is known about other nutrients including silicate. In this study, based on the results of two simultaneous voyages—the 2016 Chinese Arctic Research Expedition and the 2016 Chinese-Russian “Arctic Silk Road” Expedition—we revealed the distribution pattern of nutrients in the entire shelf region during ice melting period. The nitrite and nitrate surface layers are nearly exhausted over a wide area, while silicate is low in the shelf center and high in the surrounding areas, indicating silicon and nitrogen are both limited at the shelf center. Along the path of Pacific water inflow, silicate concentrations are higher at depths above 30 m at stations S01, R01 and LV77-01 than at the end of water inflow, indicating silicate is released to the bottom water from sediment pore water. Therefore, sediment pore water can be potential source of silicate for the upper ocean in shallow shelf areas. In this study, combined with literature data, the calculated average silicate flux at the shelf sediment-water interface was 630.78 mmol·m^-2·a^-1, or 3.75×10¹¹ mol·a^-1 in total silicate, which equaled to half of silicate carried by Pacific water inflow (6.59×10¹¹ mol·a^-1). Thus sediment pore water is also an important source of silicate in the Chukchi Sea Shelf region.

Key words: Arctic Ocean, Chukchi Sea Shelf, silicate, silicon limitation

中图分类号:

P736.4

刘洁, 李中乔, 张安余, 任健, 白有成, 庄燕培, 李杨杰, 李宏亮, 金海燕, 陈建芳. 融冰期北极楚科奇海陆架中心区硅限制与来源补充[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(4): 103-112.

LIU Jie, LI Zhongqiao, ZHANG Anyu, REN Jian, BAI Youcheng, ZHUANG Yanpei, LI Yangjie, LI Hongliang, JIN Haiyan, CHEN Jianfang. Silicon limitation and replenishment in central Arctic Chukchi Sea Shelf region during ice melting period[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(4): 103-112.

图/表 12

图1 研究区域站位图示红色为中国第七次北极考察站位,蓝色、黄色、绿色为中俄东西伯利亚联合航次考察站位,黄色、绿色为沉积物上覆水、孔隙水采集站位;洋流根据文献[18-19]重绘。

Fig.1 Map of the Chukchi Sea Shelf region showing the locations of research stations for the 2016 Chinese Arctic Research Expedition (red dots) and 2016 Chinese-Russian Joint Expedition (blue dots) and sampling stations for sediment-overlying water (yellow dots) and pore water (green dots), and ocean currents (modified after [18-19]) in the study area.

图2 研究区域表层盐度分布图(a)和白令海峡以南NB断面盐度剖面图(b) b中加粗的等盐度线为30.5 psu和31.5 psu。

Fig.2 (a) Surface salinity distribution map of the study area and (b) salinity profile of NB section in the south of the Bering Strait

图3 楚科奇海位势温度-盐度-深度图蓝色线条表示盐度为30.5 psu,绿色线条表示盐度为31.5 psu。

Fig.3 Potential temperature-salinity-depth plots for Chukchi Sea. Blue line represents 30.5 psu salinity. Green line represents 31.5 psu salinity.

图4 硅酸盐表层(a)、10 m(b)、25 m(c)、底层(d)浓度分布图

Fig.4 Silicate distributions in surface water (a), at 10 m (b) and 25 m (c) depths, and in bottom water (d)

图5 硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐表层(a)、底层(b)浓度分布图

Fig.5 Nitrate and nitrite distributions in surface (a) and bottom (b) water

图6 沿阿纳德尔流流动方向断面(a)、断面硅酸盐浓度剖面图(b)

Fig.6 Section of AW (a) and silicate distribution in the section (b)

图7 LV77-02(左)和LV77-04(右)水柱及沉积物上覆水、孔隙水硅酸盐浓度

Fig.7 Variations of silicate concentrations with depth in sediment-overlying water (top panel) and pore water (bottom panel) at stations LV77-02 (left panel) and LV77-04 (right panel)

图8 研究区域营养盐的相对潜在限制图中橙色线条表示楚科奇海陆架浮游植物对N:P利用比例为11:1[42],小于Redfield比值。灰色线条表示北极硅藻对于Si:N的利用比例为1.7[44],紫色线条表示Si:P比值为18.7,为结合上述两个比值计算而得。

Fig.8 N:P:Si scatter plots to assess potential nutrient limitations of the study area.

表1 夏季太平洋入流水营养盐参数

Table 1 Nutrient parameters for Pacific water influx in summer

水流	温度/℃	盐度/psu	浓度/(μmol·L^-1)
水流	温度/℃	盐度/psu	硅酸盐	磷酸盐	硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐	铵盐
ACW	9.42±0.93	28.65±0.40	20.03±1.52	0.85±0.05	0.47±0.22	0.42±0.34
BSW	6.88±0.43	31.02±0.09	16.37±2.58	0.96±0.09	0.93±0.65	0.82±0.40
AW	4.18±1.84	31.94±0.24	20.03±10.85	1.29±0.47	6.33±2.86	1.27±0.94

图9 据历史数据(中国第四、五、六次北极科学考察数据)得到的营养盐相对潜在限制图中橙色线条表示楚科奇陆架浮游植物对N:P利用比例为11:1[42],小于Redfield比值。灰色线条表示极地硅藻对于Si:N的利用比例为1.7[44],紫色线条表示Si:P比值为18.7,为结合上述两个比值计算而得。

Fig.9 The relative potential limitation of nutrients based on historical data and all data in this study (data from 2010, 2012,2014,2016 Chinese Arctic Research Expedition and 2016 Chinese-Russian “Arctic Silk Way”). Adapted from [42,44]

表2 本研究楚科奇海沉积物-水界面硅酸盐年通量

Table 2 Silicate flux at the sediment-water interface in the Chukchi Sea

站位	Ф	D_sed/(10^-10m²·s^-1)	dC/dx/(mol·m⁴)	J_sed/(mmol·m^-2·a^-1)
LV77-02	0.62	3.57	71.48	499.67
LV77-04	0.62	3.57	62.86	439.37

表3 西北冰洋陆架区沉积物-水界面硅酸盐年通量

Table 3 Silicate fluxes at sediment-water interface on the western Arctic Ocean shelf

海域	水深/m	站位	经度E/(°)	纬度N/(°)	J_sed/(mmol·m^-2·a^-1)	参考文献
楚科奇海	50	CC1	-168.96	67.67	1 131.87	文献[31]
	52	R06	-168.98	69.5	605.90
	51	C07	-165.33	72.54	477.06
波弗特海	47	MD-C	-133.57	70.19	1 090.12	文献[46]
	55	MD-W	-137.94	69.49	411.28
	60	MD-E	-130.61	71.27	627.85

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融冰期北极楚科奇海陆架中心区硅限制与来源补充

Silicon limitation and replenishment in central Arctic Chukchi Sea Shelf region during ice melting period

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