地学前缘 ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 1-13.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.6.20

• 理论方法研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

国土空间生态修复若干重大问题研究

白中科()   

  1. 1.中国地质大学(北京) 土地科学技术学院, 北京 100083
    2.自然资源部土地整治重点实验室, 北京 100035
    3.自然资源部 矿区生态修复工程技术创新中心, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-01 修回日期:2021-06-20 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-07-25
  • 作者简介:白中科(1963—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为国土整治与生态修复、环境影响评价。E-mail: baizk@cugb.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“土地复垦与修复质量标准研究”(2017YFF0206802)

The major issues in ecological restoration of China’s territorial space

BAI Zhongke()   

  1. 1. School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China
    3. Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Restoration Engineering in Mining Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2020-08-01 Revised:2021-06-20 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-07-25

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摘要：

国土空间生态保护与修复是实现美丽中国、关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计。本文采用文献资料综合分析法、系统回顾法、实证分析法、类比分析法、趋势外推法、政策环评等相结合的方法开展了一系列工作:从国家方略、顶层设计两个方面,梳理了国土空间生态保护与修复的脉络;从国土空间生态修复规划、技术路经与方法、野外台站和科研样地等角度,阐明了国土空间生态保护与修复研究的方法论;举例辨析了国土空间生态保护与修复的若干“伪生态”和“假技术问题”;指出了国土空间生态保护与修复发展的战略方针、战略目标、战略方向、战略原则、战略重点、战略对策;从生态保护与修复的重大科学问题和热点、语境分析、分区分类、差异化、生态补偿机制等5个方面,提出了助推中国国土空间生态保护与修复需要的科技支撑;讨论了“两屏三带”、科学推进生态修复,以及管理逻辑与技术逻辑融合问题。研究结果为破解国土空间“整体保护、系统修复与综合治理”过程中生态要素的综合性与管理事权的部门化、生态空间的连续性与区域的政区化、生态工程的长期性与行政管理的届次化三大矛盾,提供了科学依据。

关键词: 国土空间, 生态保护与修复, 山水林田湖草沙, 伪生态, 假技术, 发展战略

Abstract:

Ecological restoration of China’s territorial space is fundamental to sustainable development of the Chinese nation in building a beautiful country. The research methods used in this study included comprehensive literature analysis, systematic review, empirical and analogous analyses, trend extrapolation, and environmental impact assessment. This paper systematically examined the territorial ecological restoration from the aspects of national strategy and top-level design, expounded the research methodology from the perspectives of project planning, technical route and method, field station, and plot, analyzed the problems of “pseudo-ecology” and “fake technology”, and pointed out the strategic guidelines, objectives, directions, principles, priorities, and countermeasures for improving ecological restoration. In addition, from five aspects of ecological restoration including the major scientific issues and hotspots, context analysis, zoning classification, differential management, and ecological compensation mechanism, this research advocated scientific and technological support to boosting ecological restoration of China’s territorial space, and discusses the issues of “two (ecological) barriers and three (protection) zones”, scientific advancement of ecological restoration, and integration of management and technical ideas. The study results provide a scientific basis for solving the three major contradictions—interconnectedness of ecological elements and departmentalization of management authorities, continuity of ecological space and division of local administrations, and long-term nature of ecological engineering and temporariness of administrative tenures—in the “overall protection, systematic restoration and comprehensive management” of territorial space.

Key words: territorial space, ecological restoration, fully-array ecoystems of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands-sands, pseudo-ecology, fake technology, developmental strategy

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