利用绿帘石化学成分及原位Sr同位素指示成矿流体特征:以东天山地区多头山铁铜矿床为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.10.4

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 384-400.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.10.4

• 成藏-成矿作用与评价 • 上一篇下一篇

利用绿帘石化学成分及原位Sr同位素指示成矿流体特征:以东天山地区多头山铁铜矿床为例

张维峰¹()(), 陈华勇²^,³^,^*(), 邓新¹, 金鑫镖¹, 刘舒展¹, 谭娟娟¹

1.中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心, 湖北武汉 430205
2.中国科学院广州地球化学研究所中国科学院矿物学与成矿学重点实验室, 广东广州 510640
3.中国科学院深地科学卓越中心, 广东广州 510640

收稿日期:2021-04-13 修回日期:2021-07-21 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-01-05
通讯作者: 陈华勇
作者简介:张维峰(1985—),男,副研究员,岩石、矿物、矿床研究方向。E-mail: didazhweifeng@163.com; ORCID: 0000-0003-3822-8046
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41702099);中国地质调查局项目(DD20190050);中国地质调查局项目(DD20190374)

Discriminating characteristics of hydrothermal fluids using epidote mineral chemistry and strontium isotopes: A case study of the Duotoushan Fe-Cu deposit, eastern Tianshan

ZHANG Weifeng¹()(), CHEN Huayong²^,³^,^*(), DENG Xin¹, JIN Xinbiao¹, LIU Shuzhan¹, TAN Juanjuan¹

1. Wuhan Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
2. CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
3. Center of Excellence for Deep Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China

Received:2021-04-13 Revised:2021-07-21 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-01-05
Contact: CHEN Huayong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

绿帘石族矿物是热液矿床中常见的Ca-Al硅酸盐矿物,常具有较高的微量元素含量,其化学成分和Sr同位素能够指示成矿流体的物理化学条件和来源。本文以东天山地区的多头山矿床为例,对主成矿期磁铁矿阶段大量分布的绿帘石族矿物展开研究。矿物化学结果表明,其分子式中Al原子数较高(1.95~2.24),富含Fe³⁺而贫Fe²⁺,稀土总量较低[(21.53~63.52)×10^-6],属于绿帘石端员;同时样品富集中稀土元素,强烈亏损轻稀土元素,具中等Eu负异常,暗示稀土元素的分馏与中-碱性条件下硬酸离子的络合作用有关。元素的线性关系研究表明,REE主要通过类质同象替代的机制进入矿物晶格。多头山绿帘石与石英-榍石-磁铁矿等共生,具有明显的Ce负异常(0.64~0.91)和较高的U/Th比值,指示成矿流体的氧逸度较高。绿帘石的初始⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值为0.704 62~0.704 95,介于百灵山花岗杂岩与围岩或石炭纪海水之间,表明成矿流体来源于岩浆水,并且在与围岩发生交互作用的同时伴随有外来盆地卤水的加入。本文研究进一步表明绿帘石可以作为揭示多种类型岩浆-热液矿床流体性质与演化过程的良好指示矿物。

关键词: 绿帘石, 矿物化学, Sr同位素, 成矿流体演化, 东天山

Abstract:

Epidote, a common Ca-Al-bearing silicate mineral in many types of hydrothermal deposits, usually has high concentrations of trace elements, thus its mineral chemistry as well as Sr isotopic characteristics can reveal the physico-chemical conditions and sources of the ore-forming fluid. In this contribution we present a study on the epidote-group minerals precipitated during Fe mineralization at the Duotoushan deposit. With high Al-coordination numbers (1.95-2.24), and enriched in Fe³⁺ but depleted in Fe²⁺ and rare earth elements (REE), the studied mineral grains are identified as the epidote end member. The mineral grains are further characterized by MREE enrichment and LREE depletion with moderate negative Eu anomalies, suggesting the complexation of hard acids at neutral to basic pH may have caused the REE fractionation. Correlation analysis indicates REEs are mainly incorporated into the Duotoushan epidote through isomorphous substitution. At Duotoushan, the epidote-group minerals coexist with quartz, titanite and magnetite, exhibit negative Ce anomalies (0.64-0.91), and have high U/Th ratios, indicating they are formed under relatively high oxygen fugacity. Since the in-situ (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios (0.70462-0.70495) lie between the Bailingshan granitic complex and hosted rocks or Carboniferous seawater, we propose that the initial fluids are magmatic in origin and external basinal fluid may have added into the hydrothermal system during water-rock interaction. Furthermore, our study indicates that epidote is a robust indicator for tracing fluid evolution in magmatic hydrothermal deposits.

Key words: epidote, mineral chemistry, Sr isotope, fluid evolution, eastern Tianshan

中图分类号:

张维峰, 陈华勇, 邓新, 金鑫镖, 刘舒展, 谭娟娟. 利用绿帘石化学成分及原位Sr同位素指示成矿流体特征:以东天山地区多头山铁铜矿床为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(2): 384-400.

ZHANG Weifeng, CHEN Huayong, DENG Xin, JIN Xinbiao, LIU Shuzhan, TAN Juanjuan. Discriminating characteristics of hydrothermal fluids using epidote mineral chemistry and strontium isotopes: A case study of the Duotoushan Fe-Cu deposit, eastern Tianshan[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(2): 384-400.

图/表 15

图1 绿帘石族矿物晶体结构图(据文献[37]修改) [TO4]为黄色,[T2O7]为红色,八面体M为绿色,空腔A1和A2分别以深蓝色和浅蓝色表示;八面体M1和M2分别共边形成两条链,M3沿M1形成的链两侧交替附着;白色小圆点为羟基,附着于M2形成的链上。

Fig.1 Crystal structure of epidote-group minerals. Modified after [37].

图2 东天山地区地质简图(据文献[31]修改)

Fig.2 Geologic sketch map of eastern Tianshan. Modified after [31].

图3 多头山矿区地质图(据文献[57]修改)

Fig.3 Geologic map of the Duotoushan Fe-Cu deposit. Modified after [57].

图4 多头山绿帘石代表性的照片 a—绿帘石与磁铁矿-角闪石-石英-榍石及少量黄铁矿呈浸染状产出; b—正交镜下绿帘石呈斜消光;c—绿帘石与榍石、石英、磁铁矿等接触边界平直;d—背散射照片显示绿帘石不发育环带。Am—角闪石;Ep—绿帘石;Mt—磁铁矿;Py—黄铁矿;Qz—石英;Ttn—榍石。

Fig.4 Representative field photo and photomicrographs of the Duotoushan epidote

表1 多头山矿床绿帘石电子探针成分特征

Table 1 Representative electron microprobe data for Duotoushan epidote samples

图5 多头山矿床绿帘石LA-ICP-MS分析谱线图

Fig.5 LA-ICP-MS spectra of the Duotoushan epidote for a selection of elements

图6 多头山矿床绿帘石微量元素箱线图

Fig.6 Box and whisker plots for trace elements in epidote grains from the Duotoushan deposit

表2 多头山矿床绿帘石微量元素特征

Table 2 Representative trace element data for I )uotoushan epidote samples

图7 绿帘石成分分类图解(据文献[36]修改) 灰色虚线为Feox值,Feox=Fe3+/( Fe3++Fe2+)。

Fig.7 Classification diagram for epidote-group minerals. Modified after [36].

图8 多头山矿床绿帘石球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图(小图为稀土元素在绿帘石族矿物与流体间的分配系数) 稀土元素在褐帘石与岩浆流体之间的分配系数来源于文献[60]和[61],稀土元素在褐帘石与高压流体之间的分配系数来源于文献[62]。

Fig.8 Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the Duotoushan epidote. Insert: plot of REE partition coefficient between epidote-group minerals and fluids.

表3 多头山绿帘石原位Sr同位素组成

Table 3 In situ Sr isotopic data for Duotoushan epidote samples

样品	点位	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	1 SE	⁸⁵Rb/⁸⁶Sr	w_B/10^-6		年龄/Ma	⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr	(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr )_i
样品	点位	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	1 SE	⁸⁵Rb/⁸⁶Sr	Rb	Sr	年龄/Ma	⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr	(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr )_i
DT-018-01	1	0.704 95	0.000 04	0.004 70	0.102	843	307	0.001 81	0.704 95
DT-018-01	2	0.704 77	0.000 04	0.000 92	0.000	1 380	307	0.000 35	0.704 77
DT-018-01	3	0.704 82	0.000 05	0.002 72	0.000	1 504	307	0.001 05	0.704 81
DT-018-01	4	0.704 69	0.000 05	0.001 05	0.020	978	307	0.000 40	0.704 69
DT-018-01	5	0.704 63	0.000 04	0.000 60	0.215	1 313	307	0.000 23	0.704 63
DT-018-02	6	0.704 62	0.000 04	0.000 79	0.000	1 130	307	0.000 31	0.704 62
DT-018-02	7	0.704 76	0.000 04	0.000 53	0.000	1 171	307	0.000 20	0.704 76
DT-018-02	8	0.704 72	0.000 04	0.000 81	0.030	1 298	307	0.000 31	0.704 71
DT-018-02	9	0.704 64	0.000 05	0.002 53	0.235	1 094	307	0.000 98	0.704 64
DT-018-02	10	0.704 63	0.000 03	0.000 13	0.000	1 591	307	0.000 05	0.704 63

图9 多头山矿床绿帘石(87Sr/86Sr)i值分布图太平洋MORB数据来源于文献[65];百灵山花岗杂岩数据来源于文献[48]和[55];土古土布拉克组数据来源于文献[48];石炭纪海水数据来源于文献[66];Wainaulo和Mount Polley斑岩矿床绿帘石数据分别来源于文献[28]和[27]。

Fig.9 Characteristics of (87Sr/86Sr)i values of the Duotoushan epidote

图10 多头山绿帘石线性关系图解 a—Ca2++(Al, Fe)3+与(Fe, Mg, Mn)2++REE3+图;b—Th与U图。

Fig.10 Relationship diagrams for the Duotoushan epidote. (a) Ca2++(Al, Fe)3+ vs. (Fe, Mg, Mn)2++REE3+. (b) Th vs. U.

图11 T-lg f(O2)图解展示石英-榍石-磁铁矿共生组合形成条件 MH、FMQ、NNO和IW氧逸度缓冲曲线据文献[83];有关榍石的反应方程a来源于文献[77];红线标注的温度范围来源于文献[35];热力学吉布斯自由能数据来源于文献[84]。Hd—钙铁辉石;Ilm—钛磁铁矿;Mt—磁铁矿;Qz—石英;Ttn—榍石。

Fig.11 T-lg f(O2) diagrams for quartz, titanite and magnetite mineral assemblages

图12 水岩反应模拟(a)和岩浆水与海水混合作用模拟(b) 百灵山花岗杂岩Sr同位素比值数据来源于文献[48]和[55];土古土布拉克组围岩数据来源于文献[48];岩浆流体和石炭纪海水Sr含量分别来源于文献[87]和[89];石炭纪海水Sr同位素比值来源于文献[88]和[66]。

Fig.12 Simulated Sr isotopic values for the Duotoushan epidote base on (a) water-rock interaction model and (b) magmatic fluid-seawater mixing calculation

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利用绿帘石化学成分及原位Sr同位素指示成矿流体特征:以东天山地区多头山铁铜矿床为例

Discriminating characteristics of hydrothermal fluids using epidote mineral chemistry and strontium isotopes: A case study of the Duotoushan Fe-Cu deposit, eastern Tianshan

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