中国石炭纪构造-地层区划与地层格架

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.12.5

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国石炭纪构造活跃,在华北地块、扬子地块、塔里木地块等稳定块体间存在着大量造山带,尤其存在着北天山洋、南天山洋、布青山—勉略洋、金沙江洋、甘孜—理塘洋等多个洋盆中的洋板块地层,大地构造分区极为复杂。传统的地层区划主要考虑稳定的地块区,按目前的地理格局来进行地层区划划分。本文通过大地构造单元与构造演化阶段相结合,借鉴目前国内经典的大地构造划分方案,对中国石炭纪构造-地层进行区划,共划分出阿尔泰—兴蒙地层大区、北准噶尔—西拉木伦地层大区、天山—北山地层大区、塔里木—阿拉善地层大区、华北地层大区、秦祁昆地层大区、扬子地层大区、华夏地层大区、北羌塘—三江地层大区、班公湖—怒江地层大区、印度地层大区等11个地层大区及若干地层区。其中阿尔泰—兴蒙地层大区位置相当于阿尔泰—兴蒙多岛弧盆系,发育洋板块地层及大量岛弧火山岩,分为阿尔泰地层区和兴安地层区;北准噶尔—西拉木伦地层大区位置相当于额尔齐斯—西拉木伦大洋盆,包括大量岛弧带地层及洋板块地层,分为北准噶尔地层区及西拉木伦地层区;天山—北山地层大区位置相当于天山—北山造山系,发育大量火山岩,分为南准噶尔地层区、北天山地层区、南天山地层区、伊犁地层区及额济纳—北山地层区;塔里木—阿拉善地层大区位置相当于塔里木陆块、塔东南—敦煌隆起及阿拉善地块,为稳定的滨浅海沉积,局部为海陆交互相沉积,分为塔里木地层区和阿拉善地层区;华北地层大区位置相当于华北陆块及贺兰山陆缘裂陷盆地,主要为稳定的海陆交互相地层,分为贺兰山地层区、华北地层区及华北地块北缘地层区,其中华北地层区缺乏密西西比亚纪地层;秦祁昆地层大区位置相当于秦祁昆造山系,分为祁连地层区、东昆仑—柴达木地层区、西昆仑地层区、秦岭地层区、南秦岭—苏鲁地层区;扬子地层大区位置相当于扬子陆块,分为盐源—丽江地层区、中上扬子地层区、下扬子地层区、湘浙赣地层区及滇黔桂地层区,主要为稳定的碳酸盐沉积,仅湘浙赣地层区见现有较多的海陆交互相沉积;华夏地层大区位置相当于武夷—云开造山系,分为粤闽地层区、粤南地层区、钦防地层区、琼北地层区、琼中南地层区及华夏地层区,除钦防地层区为一套深海—半深海硅泥质沉积外,其他地层区主要为滨浅海沉积及少量海陆交互相沉积;北羌塘—三江地层大区位置相当于北羌塘—三江多岛弧盆系,包括多个稳定的小型地块及其间的蛇绿混杂岩带,洋板块地层发育,分为可可西里—巴颜喀拉—勉略地层区、金沙江—哀牢山地层区、中甸—昌都—思茅地层区、鲜水河—甘孜—理塘地层区、北羌塘地层区及甜水海地层区;班公湖—怒江地层大区位置相当于班公湖—双湖—怒江—孟连大洋盆,主要为洋板块地层;印度地层大区位置相当于印度大陆北部被动大陆边缘,以发育冈瓦纳大陆特有的古生物化石组合及冰成岩为特征,分为冈底斯地层区、北喜马拉雅地层区及保山地层区。简单介绍了各地层大区、地层区及部分地层分区内的岩石组合、古生物组合及地层序列。结合实例提出了中国石炭纪地层格架建立的原则,对各地层区系石炭系进行了系统的地层对比,建立了其地层对比关系。

关键词: 石炭纪, 构造-地层区划, 地层格架

Abstract:

Frequent tectonic activities occurred in the Carboniferous. Between the stable tectonic units, such as the North China Craton, the Yangtze Craton and the Tarim Craton, there are numerous orogenic belts. Particularly in the fossil oceanic basins, various ocean plate strata are widely distributed, which include the North Tianshan Ocean, the South Tianshan Ocean, the Buqingshan-Mianlue Ocean, the Jinshajiang Ocean and the Ganzi-Litang Ocean. Thus the tectonic subdivision of China is extremely complex. The traditional stratigraphic regionalization mainly refers to the distribution of stable blocks, and the stratigraphic regions are divided according to the recent geographic framework. In this contribution, we reestablished the Carboniferous tectonostratigraphic framework of China. According to tectonic units and evolution stages, and in reference to the Chinese classical tectonic subdivision and by authors’ own definition, there are 11 tectonostratigraphic super regions: Altai-Xing’an-Mongolia, North Junggar-Xar Moron, Tianshan-Beishan, Tarim-Alxa, North China, Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun, Yangtze, Cathaysia, North Qiangtang-Sanjiang, Bangonghu-Nujiang and India. Among the tectonostratigraphic super regions, Altai-Xing’an-Mongolia approximately overlaps with the Altai-Xing’an-Mongolia arc-basin system. It contains numerous ocean plate strata and arc-related magmatism and could be divided into the Altai and Xing’an stratigraphic regions. The location of North Junggar-Xar Moron is similar to the Erqis-Xar Moron paleo-oceanic basin. This super region comprises abundant arc-related strata and ocean plate strata, and it could be divided into the North Junggar and Xar Moron stratigraphic regions. Tianshan-Beishan occupies the same territory as the Tianshan-Beishan orogenic system. It possesses several stratigraphic regions, including South Junggar, North Tianshan, South Tianshan, Yili and Ejin-Beishan, and is characterized by considerable volcanic rocks. The location of Tarim-Alxa is equivalent to the Tarim Block, the southeastern Tarim-Dunhuang Uplift and the Alxa Block. This super region contains widespread stable coastal to neritic deposits and locally distributed paralic sediments. It could be divided into the Tarim and Alxa stratigraphic regions. North China overlaps with the North China Craton and Helanshan continental margin rift. It comprises the Helanshan, North China and north-marginal North China stratigraphic regions and is mainly occupied by the paralic strata. Moreover, Mississippian strata are absent in the North China stratigraphic region. The Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun super region occupies a similar territory as the Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun orogenic belt. It possesses several stratigraphic regions, involving Qilian, Eastern Kunlun-Qaidam, Western Kunlun, Qinling and Southern Qinling-Sulu. The Yangtze super region overlaps with the Yangtze Craton. It is divided into several units, including Yanyuan-Lijiang, middle to upper Yangtze, lower Yangtze, Xiang-Zhe-Gan and Dian-Qian-Gui stratigraphic regions. Stable carbonate sediments occupy most of the Carboniferous outcrops, and the paralic strata are only preserved in the Xiang-Zhe-Gan stratigraphic region. Cathaysia takes a large territory of the Wuyi-Yunkai orogenic system. Some stratigraphic regions including Yue-Min, southern Yue, Qinfang, Northern Qiong, Middle-Southern Qiong and Cathaysia are identified in this super region. Except for Qinfang, which contains shemipelagic to pelagic, siliceous and argillaceous sediments, other stratigraphic regions are dominated by coastal-neritic sediments and rare paralic deposits. North Qiangtang-Sanjiang overlaps with the North Qiangtang-Sanjiang archipelagic arc-basin system. It comprises multiple micro-blocks, with ophiolitic mélange distributed between the blocks. This super region is characterized by the widespread ocean plate strata and divided into several stratigraphic regions, including Hoh Xil-Bayan Har-Mianlue, Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan, Zhongdian-Changdu-Simao, Xianshuihe-Ganzi-Litang, Northern Qiangtang and Tianshuihai. The territory of Bangonghu-Nujiang could be regarded as the Bangong Lake-Shuanghu-Nujiang-Menglian oceanic basin. The Carboniferous sediments in this super region are dominated by ocean plate strata. The India super region coincides with the passive margin distributed along the northern margin of the Indian Craton. It is characterized by the preservation of particular paleontological assemblages and glacial sediments located in the Gondwana, and could be divided into the Gangdise, Northern Himalaya and Baoshan stratigraphic regions. Various lithostratigraphic, paleontologic assemblages and stratigraphic successions in each stratigraphic super region, region or subregion are briefly introduced. The standards for the establishment of the Carboniferous stratigraphic framework in China are proposed, and correlation of strata is suggested based on the systematic stratigraphic correlation of Carboniferous in each region.

Key words: Carboniferous, tectonostratigraphic regionalization, stratigraphic framework

中图分类号:

P54
P534.45

张雄华, 黄兴, 张孟, 高璐, 张克信. 中国石炭纪构造-地层区划与地层格架[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(5): 362-379.

ZHANG Xionghua, HUANG Xing, ZHANG Meng, GAO Lu, ZHANG Kexin. Carboniferous tectonostratigraphic regionalization and stratigraphic framework in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(5): 362-379.

图/表 4

图1 石炭纪年代地层、生物地层、事件地层及化学地层序列图(据文献[2]修改)

Fig.1 Carboniferous chronostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, event stratigraphic and chemostratigraphic sequences. Modified after [2].

图2 中国石炭纪构造-地层区划图

Fig.2 Carboniferous tectonostratigraphic zoning map in China

图3 中国石炭纪主要地层区划岩石地层对比图

Fig. 3 Lithostratigraphic correlation of different Carboniferous tec:onostratigraphic divisions in China

图4 新疆南准噶尔地层分区-塔里木地层分区石炭纪地层对比图(地层年龄据文献[48-49,71,73,120-122])

Fig. 4 Carboniferous stratigraphic correlation from South Jungar stratigraphic region to Tarim stratigraphic region in Xnjiang (strata age adapted from [48-49,71,73,120-122])

参考文献 122

[1]	王向东, 金玉玕. 石炭纪年代地层学研究概况[J]. 地层学杂志, 2000, 24(2):90-98.
[2]	王向东, 胡科毅, 郄文昆, 等. 中国石炭纪综合地层和时间框架[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2019, 49(1):139-159.
[3]	HANCE L, MUCHEZ P, HOU H F, et al. Biostratigraphy, sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Tournaisian-Viséan transitional strata in South China (Guangxi)[J]. Geological Journal, 1997, 32(4):337-357. DOI URL
[4]	侯鸿飞, 周怀玲. 石炭纪维宪阶全球界线层型剖面和点位补遗[J]. 地球学报, 2008, 29(3):318-327.
[5]	SALTZMAN M R, GROESSENS E, ZHURAVLEV A V. Carbon cycle models based on extreme changes in δ¹³C: an example from the lower Mississippian[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2004, 213(3/4):359-377. DOI URL
[6]	郄文昆, 张雄华, 杜远生, 等. 华南地区下石炭亚系碳同位素记录及对晚古生代冰期的响应[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2010, 40(11):1533-1542.
[7]	YANG B, ZHANG X H, QIE W K, et al. Variabilities of carbonate δ¹³C signal in response to the Late Paleozoic glaciations, Long’an, South China[J]. Frontiers of Earth Science, 2020, 14(2):344-359. DOI URL
[8]	王治平. 中国中、晚石炭世四射珊瑚组合及古生物地理[J]. 地质学报, 1988, 62(4):279-289.
[9]	殷鸿福. 中国古生物地理学[M]. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社, 1988.
[10]	王鸿祯, 郑闾靭, 王训练. 中国及邻区石炭纪构造古地理及生物古地理[J]. 现代地质, 1989, 3(2):137-154.
[11]	江茂生, 何心一. 中国早石炭世四射珊瑚动物地理分区[J]. 地质科学, 1994, 29(3):228-235.
[12]	倪康, 雷永孝, 胡秀军, 等. 新疆额尔其斯缝合带南侧科克森套蛇绿岩的时代及其意义[J]. 西北地质, 2013, 46(3):64-69.
[13]	褚方, 赵同阳, 张建东, 等. 新疆沙尔布拉克蛇绿岩岩石地球化学特征及形成时代[J]. 新疆地质, 2013, 31(3):167-172.
[14]	吴波, 何国琦, 吴泰然, 等. 新疆布尔根蛇绿混杂岩的发现及其大地构造意义[J]. 中国地质, 2006, 33(3):476-486.
[15]	JIAN P, LIU D Y, SHI Y R, et al. SHRIMP dating of SSZ ophiolites from northern Xinjiang Province, China: implications for generation of oceanic crust in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt[M]//Structural and tectonic correlation across the Central Asia Orogenic Collage: north-eastern segment, guidebook and abstract volume of the Siberian Workshop IGCP-480. Irkutsk: Institute of the Earth Crust, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2005: 246.
[16]	YANG G X, LI Y J, GU P Y, et al. Geochronological and geochemical study of the Darbut Ophiolitic Complex in the West Junggar (NW China): implications for petrogenesis and tectonic evolution[J]. Gondwana Research, 2012, 21(4):1037-1049. DOI URL
[17]	王国强, 李向民, 徐学义, 等. 甘肃北山红石山蛇绿岩锆石U-Pb年代学研究及构造意义[J]. 岩石学报, 2014, 30(6):1685-1694.
[18]	ZHANG Z C, LI K, LI J F, et al. Geochronology and geochemistry of the Eastern Erenhot ophiolitic complex: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Inner Mongolia-Daxinganling Orogenic Belt[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2015, 97:279-293. DOI URL
[19]	MIAO L C, ZHANG F Q, FAN W M, et al. Phanerozoic evolution of the Inner Mongolia-Daxinganling orogenic belt in North China: constraints from geochronology of ophiolites and associated formations[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2007, 280(1):223-237. DOI URL
[20]	鲍庆中, 张长捷, 吴之理, 等. 内蒙古白音高勒地区石炭纪石英闪长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学及其意义[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2007, 37(1):15-23.
[21]	JIAN P, KRÖNER A, WINDLEY B F, et al. Carboniferous and Cretaceous mafic-ultramafic massifs in Inner Mongolia (China): a SHRIMP zircon and geochemical study of the previously presumed integral “Hegenshan ophiolite”[J]. Lithos, 2012, 142/143:48-66.
[22]	ZHOU W X, LI S C, GE M C, et al. Geochemistry and zircon geochronology of a gabbro-granodiorite complex in Tongxunlian, Inner Mongolia: partial melting of enriched lithosphere mantle[J]. Geological Journal, 2016, 51(1):21-41. DOI URL
[23]	李博秦, 计文化, 边小卫, 等. 西昆仑麻扎构造混杂岩的组成及其地质意义[J]. 现代地质, 2007, 21(1):78-86.
[24]	刘战庆, 裴先治, 李瑞保, 等. 东昆仑南缘阿尼玛卿构造带布青山地区两期蛇绿岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其构造意义[J]. 地质学报, 2011, 85(2):185-194.
[25]	陈亮, 孙勇, 裴先治, 等. 德尔尼蛇绿岩⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年龄: 青藏最北端古特提斯洋盆存在和延展的证据[J]. 科学通报, 2001, 46(5):424-426.
[26]	李向民, 余吉远, 王国强, 等. 甘肃北山地区芨芨台子蛇绿岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及其地质意义[J]. 地质通报, 2012, 31(12):2025-2031.
[27]	简平, 刘敦一, 孙晓猛. 滇川西部金沙江石炭纪蛇绿岩SHRIMP测年: 古特提斯洋壳演化的同位素年代学制约[J]. 地质学报, 2003, 77(2):217-228, 291.
[28]	杨式溥, 侯鸿飞, 高联达, 等. 中国的石炭系[J]. 地质学报, 1980, 54(3):167-175.
[29]	侯鸿飞, 王增吉, 吴祥和, 等. 中国的石炭系[M]//中国地层(1): 中国地层概论. 北京: 地质出版社, 1982: 187-218.
[30]	金玉玕, 范影年, 王向东, 等. 中国地层典: 石炭系[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2000.
[31]	WANG X D, JIN Y G. Carboniferous biostratigraphy of China[M]//ZHANG W T, CHEN P J, PALMER A R. Biostratigraphy in China. Beijing: Science Press, 2003: 281-330.
[32]	汪啸风, 陈孝红. 中国各地质时代地层划分与对比[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2005.
[33]	王鸿祯. 论中国地层分区[J]. 地层学杂志, 1978, 2(2):81-104.
[34]	王鸿祯关于国际(年代)地层表与中国地层区划[J]. 现代地质, 1999, 13(2):190.
[35]	任纪舜, 肖藜薇. 中国大地构造与地层区划[J]. 地层学杂志, 2001, 25(增刊1):361-369.
[36]	张克信, 潘桂棠, 何卫红, 等. 中国构造-地层大区划分新方案[J]. 地球科学: 中国地质大学学报, 2015, 40(2):206-233.
[37]	龚一鸣, 纵瑞文. 西准噶尔古生代地层区划及古地理演化[J]. 地球科学: 中国地质大学学报, 2015, 40(3):461-484.
[38]	李江海, 王洪浩, 李维波, 等. 显生宙全球古板块再造及构造演化[J]. 石油学报, 2014, 35(2):207-218.
[39]	WAN T F, ZHU H. Chinese continental blocks in global paleocontinental reconstruction during Paleozoic and Mesozoic[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 2011, 85(3):581-597. DOI URL
[40]	WANG B, ZHANG G W, LI S Z, et al. Early Carboniferous paleomagnetic results from the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and their implications[J]. Gondwana Research, 2016, 36:57-64. DOI URL
[41]	ZHAO G C, WANG Y J, HUANG B C, et al. Geological reconstructions of the East Asian blocks: from the breakup of Rodinia to the assembly of Pangea[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2018, 186:262-286. DOI URL
[42]	张克信, 何卫红, JIN J S, , 等. 洋板块地层在造山带构造-地层区划中的应用[J]. 地球科学, 2020, 45(7):2305-2325.
[43]	沈上越, 魏启荣, 程惠兰, 等. “三江”哀牢山带蛇绿岩特征研究[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 1998, 17(1):1-8.
[44]	汪啸风, METCALFE I, 简平, 等. 金沙江缝合带构造地层划分及时代厘定[J]. 中国科学: D辑, 1999, 29(4):289-297.
[45]	李献华, 周汉文, 丁式江, 等. 海南岛“邦溪—晨星蛇绿岩片”的时代及其构造意义: Sm-Nd同位素制约[J]. 岩石学报, 2000, 16(3):425-432.
[46]	冯志强, 刘永江, 金巍, 等. 东北大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩的时空分布及与区域构造演化关系的研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2019, 26(2):120-136.
[47]	徐学义, 马中平, 夏林圻, 等. 北天山巴音沟蛇绿岩斜长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP测年及其意义[J]. 地质论评, 2005, 51(5):523-527.
[48]	徐学义, 李向民, 马中平, 等. 北天山巴音沟蛇绿岩形成于早石炭世: 来自辉长岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄的证据[J]. 地质学报, 2006, 80(8):1168-1176.
[49]	JIANG T, GAO J, KLEMD R, , et al. Paleozoic ophiolitic mélanges from the South Tianshan Orogen, NW China: geological, geochemical and geochronological implications for the geodynamic setting[J]. Tectonophysics, 2014, 612/613:106-127.
[50]	JIAN P, LIU D Y, KRÖNER A, et al. Devonian to Permian plate tectonic cycle of the Paleo-Tethys Orogen in southwest China (II): insights from zircon ages of ophiolites, arc/back-arc assemblages and within-plate igneous rocks and generation of the Emeishan CFB Province[J]. Lithos, 2009, 113(3/4):767-784. DOI URL
[51]	温志刚, 胡成林, 王洪强, 等. 新疆西昆仑苏巴什蛇绿岩形成时代及其构造意义[J]. 西北地质, 2019, 52(4):14-27.
[52]	李超, 肖文交, 韩春明, 等. 新疆北天山奎屯河蛇绿岩斜长花岗岩锆石SIMSU-Pb年龄及其构造意义[J]. 地质科学, 2013, 48(3):815-826.
[53]	潘桂棠, 肖庆辉, 陆松年, 等. 中国大地构造单元划分[J]. 中国地质, 2009, 36(1):1-28.
[54]	潘桂棠, 陆松年, 肖庆辉, 等. 中国大地构造阶段划分和演化[J]. 地学前缘, 2016, 23(6):1-23.
[55]	张克信, 何卫红, 骆满生, 等. 中国沉积岩建造与沉积大地构造演化[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2017.
[56]	QIN T, QIAN C, LI L C, et al. Sedimentary age of the Baoligaomiao Formation in the Zhanlantun area, Inner Mongolia: constraints by fossil assemblage and zircon geochronology[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 2018, 92(3):1251-1254. DOI URL
[57]	朱俊宾, 孙立新, 任纪舜, 等. 内蒙古东乌旗地区格根敖包组火山岩锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其地质意义[J]. 地球学报, 2015, 36(4):466-472.
[58]	苏养正, 谷峰. 黑龙江省东部密山地区早石炭世早期北兴组腕足动物[G]//中国地质科学院沈阳地质矿产研究所文集(15). 沈阳: 中国地质科学院沈阳地质矿产研究所, 1987: 36-37.
[59]	彭玉鲸, 郑春子. 吉林石炭纪的生物群特征[J]. 地层学杂志, 1991, 15(4):294-301, 277.
[60]	郎嘉彬, 王成源. 吉林磐石地区鹿圈屯组的牙形刺[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2010, 40(3):603-609.
[61]	纵瑞文, 龚一鸣, 王国灿. 西准噶尔南部石炭纪地层层序及古地理演化[J]. 地学前缘, 2014, 21(2):216-233.
[62]	廖卓庭, 王玉净, 王光良, 等. 新疆北部石炭纪生物地层研究新进展[M]//涂光炽. 新疆北部地球科学新进展. 北京: 科学出版社, 1993: 79-93.
[63]	王弢, 路跃军, 章培春, 等. 内蒙古扎鲁特旗北色日巴彦敖包组的厘定[J]. 地质与资源, 2012, 21(2):200-204.
[64]	郭胜哲. 大兴安岭南部中、晚石炭世四射珊瑚[J]. 古生物学报, 1983, 22(2):220-230, 255.
[65]	鲍庆中, 张长捷, 吴之理, 等. 内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗地区石炭二叠纪岩石地层[J]. 地层学杂志, 2005, 29(增刊1):512-519.
[66]	张峰, 徐涛, 范俊杰, 等. 东准噶尔石炭系巴塔玛依内山组火山岩全岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄及其构造意义[J]. 地球化学, 2014, 43(3):301-316.
[67]	杨凯凯, 边伟华, 王千军, 等. 东准噶尔巴塔玛依内山组火成岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义[J]. 岩石学报, 2018, 34(11):3341-3358.
[68]	王龙江, 李永军, 王祚鹏, 等. 东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区巴塔玛依内山组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄[J]. 新疆地质, 2019, 37(1):44-50.
[69]	HUANG B, FU D, KUSKY T, et al. Sedimentary provenance in response to Carboniferous arc-basin evolution of East Junggar and North Tianshan belts in the southwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt[J]. Tectonophysics, 2018, 722:324-341. DOI URL
[70]	罗婷, 陈继平, 廖群安, 等. 东天山巴里坤地区晚石炭世双峰式火山岩年代学、地球化学及其构造意义[J]. 地球科学, 2018, 43(9):3018-3035.
[71]	王银喜, 顾连兴, 张遵忠, 等. 博格达裂谷双峰式火山岩地质年代学与Nd-Sr-Pb同位素地球化学特征[J]. 岩石学报, 2006, 22(5):1215-1224.
[72]	王增吉, 俞学光. 新疆乌鲁木齐祁家沟晚石炭世四射珊瑚[J]. 地球学报, 1989, 11(1):157-174.
[73]	白建科, 刘池阳, 张少华, 等. 东天山吐哈盆地南缘企鹅山群玄武岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其对北天山洋闭合时限的约束[J]. 岩石学报, 2018, 34(10):2995-3010.
[74]	曹锐, 木合塔尔·扎日, 陈斌 , 等. 东天山板块缝合带石炭纪火山岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素特征及其大地构造意义[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2012, 42(2):400-409.
[75]	罗婷, 廖群安, 陈继平, 等. 东天山雅满苏组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义[J]. 地球科学: 中国地质大学学报, 2012, 37(6):1338-1352.
[76]	罗婷, 陈继平, 廖群安, 等. 东天山觉罗塔格构造带石炭纪弧后盆地: 来自基性火山岩的证据[J]. 地球科学, 2020, 45(1):194-210.
[77]	苏春乾, 姜常义, 夏明哲, 等. 北天山东段阿奇山组火山岩的地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb年龄[J]. 岩石学报, 2009, 25(4):901-915.
[78]	张雄华, 黄兴, 陈继平, 等. 东天山觉罗塔格地区石炭纪火山-沉积岩地层序列及地质时代[J]. 地球科学: 中国地质大学学报, 2012, 37(6):1305-1314.
[79]	HUANG X, ARETZ M, ZHANG X H, et al. Upper Viséan coral biostrome in a volcanic-sedimentary setting from the Eastern Tianshan, Northwest China[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2019, 531:108739. DOI URL
[80]	宋安江, 朱志新, 石莹, 等. 东天山阿其克库都克断裂西段土古土布拉克组锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年[J]. 地质通报, 2006, 25(8):953-956.
[81]	高山林, 李云新. 西天山尼勒克水泥厂大哈拉军山组形成时代与构造背景[J]. 新疆地质, 2015, 33(4):440-448.
[82]	张梓歆. 天山早石炭世地层及腕足类组合[J]. 新疆地质, 1988, 6(4):59-67.
[83]	陈有炘, 裴先治, 赵军, 等. 西天山温泉地区下石炭统阿克沙克组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义[J]. 地球科学, 2019, 44(7):2478-2492.
[84]	周洪瑞, 张传恒, 王自强, 等. 南天山造山带综合地层学研究[J]. 新疆地质, 1998, 16(4):291-298.
[85]	要乐, 黄兴, 王秋来, 等. 新疆东部托克逊马鞍桥剖面桑树园组刺毛-珊瑚礁的时代[J]. 微体古生物学报, 2019, 36(4):362-369.
[86]	段先锋, 张雄华, 卜建军. 甘肃北山地区下石炭统红柳园组四射珊瑚动物群及其地质意义[J]. 地质科技情报, 2011, 30(6):13-17.
[87]	黄兴, 张雄华, 王玥. 甘肃北山地区石板山组的类[J]. 微体古生物学报, 2019, 36(4):351-361.
[88]	彭湘萍, 陈高潮, 李玉宏, 等. 北山地区红石山蛇绿混杂岩组成及地质意义[J]. 新疆地质, 2016, 34(2):184-191.
[89]	黄太柱, 蔡习尧, 郭书元. 塔里木盆地巴楚地区石炭纪地层问题讨论[J]. 石油实验地质, 2013, 35(6):607-614.
[90]	张新勇, 张雄华, 赵志刚, 等. 新疆阿合奇地区石炭系巴什索贡组珊瑚化石及其地质意义[J]. 地质科技情报, 2017, 36(1):14-19.
[91]	黄兴, 朱飞, 张雄华, 等. 新疆阿合奇地区晚石炭世—早二叠世类动物群[J]. 地质通报, 2014, 33(1):33-41.
[92]	张新勇, 刘晓煌, 李保飞, 等. 新疆塔里木盆地哈拉奇地区晚石炭世—早二叠世哈拉奇组的建立[J]. 地质通报, 2014, 33(1):9-18.
[93]	沈光隆, 吴秀元, 李克定. 臭牛沟组的地质时代[J]. 中国科学: B辑, 1994, 24(8):876-882.
[94]	李艺斌, 陈竹, 刘东. 甘肃玉门地区石炭纪地层研究的新发现[J]. 石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报), 2005, 27(1):40-42, 143.
[95]	符俊辉, 于芬玲. 贺兰山北段呼鲁斯太石炭纪羊虎沟组的牙形刺[J]. 古生物学报, 1998, 37(4):489-495.
[96]	孙克勤, 邓胜徽. 贺兰山北段石炭纪和二叠纪植物群[J]. 现代地质, 2003, 17(3):259-267, 357.
[97]	王增吉, 俞学光. 柴达木盆地北缘石灰沟晚石炭世的四射珊瑚[J]. 地球学报, 1995, 16(3):310-327
[98]	陈守建, 李荣社, 计文化, 等. 昆仑造山带石炭纪岩相特征及构造古地理[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2008, 30(3):221-233.
[99]	王先辉, 丁正兴, 马铁球. 东昆仑西段托库孜达坂群中组火山岩岩石地球化学特征及构造环境分析[J]. 华南地质与矿产, 2004, 20(4):9-14.
[100]	时超, 李荣社, 何世平, 等. 东昆仑东段杏树沟金矿(化)点的成矿特征及其围岩时代的确定[J]. 地质通报, 2012, 31(12):1983-1990.
[101]	蔡土赐. 新疆昆仑山、喀喇昆仑山中泥盆世及石炭纪一些四射珊瑚[J]. 新疆地质, 1992, 10(1):51-56, 97.
[102]	郭俊锋, 李勇, 裴先治, 等. 西秦岭礼县地区晚石炭世牙形刺序列[J]. 西北大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 40(4):679-684, 753.
[103]	朱洪源, 陶金宝. 湖北郧西地区石炭纪地层组的划分[J]. 湖北地质, 1993, 7(2):11-19, 95.
[104]	廖卓庭, 王向东, 王伟, 等. 龙门山的石炭系[J]. 地层学杂志, 2010, 34(4):349-362.
[105]	郄文昆, 张雄华, 张扬. 桂北南丹巴平剖面早石炭亚纪盆地相烃源岩的地球生物学特征[J]. 古地理学报, 2010, 12(2):233-243.
[106]	陈哲培, 李孙雄, 云平, 等. 海南省南好地区南好组地质特征及时代[J]. 中国地质, 2012, 39(3):651-660.
[107]	姚华舟, 袁金良, 张仁杰. 海南岛西北部早石炭世褶颊类三叶虫化石的发现及其古生物地层学意义[J]. 地质论评, 2009, 55(5):614-619.
[108]	边千韬, 罗小全, 李红生, 等. 阿尼玛卿山早古生代和早石炭—早二叠世蛇绿岩的发现[J]. 地质科学, 1999, 34(4):523-524.
[109]	孙晓猛, 简平. 滇川西部金沙江古特提斯洋的威尔逊旋回[J]. 地质论评, 2004, 50(4):343-350.
[110]	王立全, 潘桂棠, 李定谋, 等. 金沙江弧-盆系时空结构及地史演化[J]. 地质学报, 1999, 73(3):206-218.
[111]	吴根耀. 滇西昌宁—孟连地区依柳组、平掌组地层初议[J]. 地层学杂志, 1993, 17(4):302-309.
[112]	范建军, 李才, 彭虎, 等. 藏北龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带发现晚石炭世—早二叠世洋岛型岩石组合[J]. 地质通报, 2014, 33(11):1690-1695.
[113]	王明, 李才, 解超明, 等. 藏北羌塘南部冈玛错地区展金组玄武岩的成因及其构造意义[J]. 地质通报, 2014, 33(11):1768-1777.
[114]	张树岐, 王永胜, 曲永贵. 西藏北部永珠地区石炭系永珠组岩石地层和古生物特征[J]. 中国地质, 2006, 33(5):980-987.
[115]	郑春子, 王永胜, 张树岐. 西藏北部申扎地区德日昂玛—下拉山石炭二叠系生物地层划分[J]. 地层学杂志, 2005, 29(增刊1):520-528.
[116]	耿全如, 王立全, 潘桂棠, 等. 西藏冈底斯带石炭纪陆缘裂陷作用: 火山岩和地层学证据[J]. 地质学报, 2007, 81(9):1259-1276.
[117]	李德威, 张雄华, 廖群安. 西藏1∶25万定结县幅、陈塘区幅区域地质调查报告[R]. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社, 2014.
[118]	姜建军. 滇西保山地区早石炭世生物地层研究[J]. 特提斯地质, 1997, 21:182-196.
[119]	姚金昌, 赵成峰. 滇西保山地块下石炭统的新发现及特征[J]. 地层学杂志, 2004, 28(2):173-178.
[120]	罗婷. 中亚造山带西南缘石炭纪火山岩岩石成因、时空演化及其构造意义[D]. 武汉: 中国地质大学(武汉), 2016.
[121]	高景刚, 李文渊, 刘建朝, 等. 新疆博格达东缘色皮口地区晚石炭世裂谷火山岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究[J]. 岩石学报, 2014, 30(12):3539-3552.
[122]	黄兴. 新疆东天山觉罗塔格造山带石炭纪生物地层、年代地层及生物建隆研究[D]. 武汉: 中国地质大学(武汉), 2018.