伟晶质岩浆的同化混染与分离结晶(AFC)作用及铀成矿效应:以纳米比亚湖山铀矿为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.10.31

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 377-402.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.10.31

伟晶质岩浆的同化混染与分离结晶(AFC)作用及铀成矿效应:以纳米比亚湖山铀矿为例

黄冉笑¹^,²(), 王果胜¹, 袁国礼¹^,^*(), 邱坤峰¹, Hounkpe Jechonias BIDOSSESSI³

1.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
2.中核地矿科技集团有限公司, 北京 100013

收稿日期:2020-06-19 修回日期:2020-09-15 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-02-22
通讯作者: 袁国礼
作者简介:黄冉笑(1996—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地球化学研究。E-mail: hranxiao@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41872100);中非高校20+20合作计划项目(2019);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0604106)

Assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC) of pegmatitic magma and its implications for uranium mineralization: A case study of the Husab uranium deposit, Namibia

HUANG Ranxiao¹^,²(), WANG Guosheng¹, YUAN Guoli¹^,^*(), QIU Kunfeng¹, Hounkpe Jechonias BIDOSSESSI³

1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. China National Nuclear Geology and Mining Technology Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100013, China3. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 999105, Benin

Received:2020-06-19 Revised:2020-09-15 Online:2022-01-25 Published:2022-02-22
Contact: YUAN Guoli

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纳米比亚湖山铀矿位于达马拉造山带的中央南部地区,工业铀矿物为晶质铀矿,属于伟晶岩型铀矿床。关于不同矿石中铀元素的富集与沉淀机制还存在一定争议。为了揭示伟晶质岩浆演化与铀矿化作用的关系,本文对矿区内不同矿物组成的伟晶岩型矿石开展了岩石和矿物地球化学研究。野外及镜下鉴定结果显示,矿化伟晶岩可以分为“简单类型”矿体和“复杂类型”矿体。前者具有正常的花岗伟晶结构,晶质铀矿均匀分布于造岩矿物之间,矿化程度低到中等;后者表现出非均匀的结构特征,且矿化程度极高,晶质铀矿在成因上与大量黑云母团块有明显的空间联系。地球化学研究表明:在“简单类型”伟晶岩中,铀元素主要通过伟晶质岩浆的分离结晶作用富集;“复杂类型”伟晶质岩浆的演化则明显受控于同化混染作用,其铀矿化为岩浆同化混染与分离结晶(assimilation-fractional crystallization,AFC)作用产物。具体而言,外来基性组分(FeO,MgO,TiO₂,MnO)的混入导致“复杂类型”熔体中矿物的结晶顺序发生改变,长石类矿物的“延后”结晶为黑云母提供了更加有利的结晶空间和条件,促使黑云母以团块状聚集的形式产出。黑云母的大量析出会引发残余岩浆中UF_m^4-m络合物的水解,导致晶质铀矿在团块黑云母内部或周围沉淀。因此,本文有关“简单类型”和“复杂类型”产铀伟晶岩的研究,有效地揭示了岩浆演化过程与铀矿化机制,丰富了伟晶岩型铀矿床理论,为后期勘查开发提供了科学依据。

关键词: 伟晶岩型铀矿, 矿化过程, 同化混染与分离结晶作用, 达马拉造山带, 纳米比亚

Abstract:

The Husab uranium deposit in the southern Central Zone of the Damara Orogenic Belt, Namibia, is a typical pegmatite-hosted ore deposit with uraninite as the main industrial uranium mineral. The mechanisms of uranium enrichment and precipitation in different ores are not clear. In order to reveal the relationship between pegmatitic magma evolution and uranium mineralization, we carried out whole-rock and mineral geochemical studies on pegmatite ores with different mineral compositions. Field and microscopic investigations showed the mineralized pegmatites can be divided into ‘simple’ and ‘complex’ types. The ‘simple’ pegmatite has normal granitic pegmatite texture, with a uniform distribution of uraninites among rock-forming minerals and low to medium level mineralization. The ‘complex’ pegmatite is characterized by heterogeneous texture with extremely high level mineralization and spatial association of uraninite with biotite agglomerates. Geochemical analysis showed that, in ‘simple’ pegmatite, uranium enrichment is mainly achieved through fractional crystallization of pegmatitic magma; while in ‘complex’ pegmatite, magmatic evolution is clearly controlled by assimilation and contamination, and uranium mineralization is the result of assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC) of pegmatitic magma. The mixing of external mafic components (FeO, MgO, TiO₂, MnO), specifically, led to change in the mineral crystallization sequence in ‘complex’ pegmatite melt, where “delayed” crystallization of feldspar minerals provided biotite with more favorable crystallization space/condition and led to massive biotite aggregation. Abundant biotite precipitation induced hydrolysis of UF_m^4-m complex in residual magama, which resulted in the precipitation of crystalline uraninites in and around biotite agglomerates. Thus, by studying the two types of uraniferous pegmatites one can better understand the magmatic evolutionary process and uranium mineralization mechanism, so as to enrich our knowledge about the pegmatite-type uranium deposit and provide a scientific basis for its future exploration and development.

Key words: pegmatite-type uranium deposit, mineralization process, assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC) process, Damara orogenic belt, Namibia

中图分类号:

黄冉笑, 王果胜, 袁国礼, 邱坤峰, Hounkpe Jechonias BIDOSSESSI. 伟晶质岩浆的同化混染与分离结晶(AFC)作用及铀成矿效应:以纳米比亚湖山铀矿为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(1): 377-402.

HUANG Ranxiao, WANG Guosheng, YUAN Guoli, QIU Kunfeng, Hounkpe Jechonias BIDOSSESSI. Assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC) of pegmatitic magma and its implications for uranium mineralization: A case study of the Husab uranium deposit, Namibia[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(1): 377-402.

图/表 22

图1 纳米比亚境内达马拉造山带陆内分支构造示意图(a)和达马拉造山带南部中央带各穹隆及铀矿床分布图(b)(a底图基于[40];b底图基于[24])

Fig.1 (a) Tectonic sketch map of the inland branch of the Damara Orogen in Namibia (basemap from [40]) and (b) sketch map of part of the central zone of the Damara Orogen showing the distribution of domes and locations of significant uranium deposits (basemap from [24])

表1 达马拉造山带中央湖山地区地层简表 (据文献[26-27,44-45])

Table 1 Stratigraphic succession of the Central Damara Belt in Husab area, Namibia. Modified after [26-27,44-45].

群	亚群	组	厚度	岩性	年龄
斯瓦科普群	霍玛斯	卡塞布组	>3 000 m	黑云母长英质片岩、黑云母-石榴石-堇青石片岩、角闪石片岩、石英岩、大理岩
		卡里比组	1 000 m	大理岩、白云岩、黑云母片岩、石英片岩、页岩
		楚斯组	700 m	冰碛岩、含砾片岩、少量石英岩、BIF 条带、片岩	约710 Ma
	平行不整合
	奥加布	罗辛组	200 m	大理岩、石英岩、砾岩、变质杂砂岩、黑云母片岩、黑云母-堇青石片岩和片麻岩、黑云母-角闪石片岩
	平行不整合
诺斯比群		可汗组	1 100 m	含辉石的斜长角闪岩、角闪石-辉石片麻岩、黑云母-角闪石片岩、石英岩
诺斯比群		埃图西斯组	3 000 m	长石砂岩、砾岩、长石片麻岩; 少量黑云母片岩、大理岩、角闪岩、变质流纹岩
角度不整合
前达马拉基底				以眼球状片麻岩和石英长石片麻岩为主,含少量泥质片岩、石英岩、大理岩、斜长角闪岩	约2 Ga

表2 纳米比亚湖山地区6种类型淡色花岗岩/伟晶岩特征表(据文献[25,27]修改)

Table 2 Characteristics of six types of leucogranites/pegmatites in Husab area, Namibia. Modified after [25,27].

类型	标志矿物学特征	放射性特征
A	浅灰白色,细到中粒、糖粒状结构,以白色长石为主	低,Th>U
B	白色,细粒到伟晶结构,含有石榴子石、电气石和黑云母	低,Th>U
C	白到浅粉红色,中粒伟晶结构,石英洁净,含微斜长石和斜长石,副矿物为磁铁矿、褐铁矿和电气石	低,局部较高,Th>U
D	白色,中粗粒到伟晶结构,原生铀矿化的围岩,白色长石,烟灰色石英,偶尔可见 β 硅钙铀矿、铌钛铀矿和磷灰石	极高,U >Th
E	红到粉红色,可见有氧化晕圈,细粒、粗粒到伟晶结构,矿物组成与D型相似,由烟灰色石英和粉红色长石构成	高,U >Th
F	红到粉红色,粗粒伟晶结构,粗粒条纹长石,乳白色石英,副矿物为磁铁矿和褐铁矿	低,U≈Th

图2 湖山铀矿床1号带地质横剖面示意图(22.544°E) (据中国广核集团铀业发展有限公司内部资料修改)

Fig.2 Geological section of prospecting line (22.544°E) in Zone 1 of the Husab uranium deposit (data provided by China General Nuclear Power Group Uranium Resources Co., Ltd., Beijing, China)

图3 湖山铀矿1号矿带宏观照片(a)、位于达马拉变质沉积地层内的伟晶岩矿体(b,c)和1号矿带矿区采样照片(d)

Fig.3 Field photos of outcrops in zone 1 (a), pegmatite orebodies in the Damaran metasediment strata (b, c) and ore sampling in zone 1 (d)

图4 D型伟晶岩系列样品的典型照片 a, b, c—D-LUP,D-MUP,D-HUP的手标本照片;d, e, f—D-LUP的镜下照片,d和e为单偏光,f为正交偏光;g, h, i—D-MUP的镜下照片,g和h为正交偏光,i为反射光;j, k, l—D-HUP的镜下照片,均为反射光。矿物缩写:ilm—钛铁矿,ru—金红石,abh—钠长石,Pl—斜长石,Kfs—钾长石,Bio—黑云母,Qz—石英,Ur—晶质铀矿,Tho—钍石,Zrn—锆石,Py—黄铁矿,Cp—黄铜矿,Mo—辉钼矿。

Fig.4 Microphotographs of representative type D pegmatites

图5 D型伟晶岩中代表性含铀氧化物的背散射照片 Cof—铀石,其他矿物缩写同图4。

Fig.5 SEM backscattered images of uraninite grains in type D pegmatites

表3 湖山铀矿D型伟晶岩主量元素和微量元素组成(据文献[25,27]修改)

Table 3 Major and trace element compositions of Type-D pegmatite from the Husab deposit. Modified after [25,27].

图6 湖山铀矿D型伟晶岩系列的主量元素判别图解(a据文献[50];c,d据文献[51]) a—TAS图解;b—A/CNK-A/NK图解;c—矿物-化学Q-P图解;d—矿物-化学A-B图解。

Fig.6 Discrimination diagrams for type-D pegmatite from the Husab deposit. Modified after [50-51].

图7 湖山铀矿D型伟晶岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图(a-c)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蜘蛛图(d-f) (球粒陨石标准化数据据文献[52],原始地幔标准化数据据文献[53])

Fig.7 Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns (a-c) and primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams (d-f) of Type-D pegmatite from the Husab deposit. Standard values adapted from [52-53].

表4 湖山铀矿D型伟晶岩代表性含铀氧化物的化学组成

Table 4 Chemical compositions of representative uranium-bearing oxides in Type-D pegmatites from the Husab deposit

岩石类型	矿物种类	测点编号	w_B/%
岩石类型	矿物种类	测点编号	Y₂O₃	MgO	FeO	UO₂	SiO₂	TiO₂	ThO₂	Ce₂O₃	PbO	Nd₂O₃	CaO	Total
高铀含量伟晶岩(D-HUP)	晶质铀矿	1	2.13	0.04	0.00	81.51	0.06	0.00	5.03	0.36	5.61	0.00	0.17	94.91
		2	1.84	0.00	0.04	83.19	0.00	0.00	4.40	0.32	5.73	0.00	0.22	95.74
		3	1.80	0.03	0.00	80.40	0.00	0.00	5.32	0.29	5.99	0.30	0.24	94.37
		4	1.87	0.00	0.00	80.25	0.00	0.00	5.49	0.27	6.18	0.00	0.20	94.26
		5	1.98	0.00	0.00	82.40	0.04	0.00	4.32	0.25	5.77	0.17	0.29	95.22
		6	1.66	0.00	0.00	79.48	0.12	0.00	5.92	0.60	5.81	0.47	0.39	94.45
		7	1.59	0.00	0.00	80.17	0.03	0.00	5.78	0.68	5.48	0.64	0.34	94.71
		8	1.93	0.00	0.06	81.16	0.00	0.00	4.77	0.31	6.09	0.40	0.20	94.92
		9	1.63	0.00	0.00	78.69	0.08	0.00	5.70	1.16	6.09	0.78	0.39	94.52
		10	1.49	0.00	0.04	82.44	0.00	0.00	4.23	0.40	5.59	0.24	0.32	94.75
		11	1.70	0.03	0.06	79.22	0.11	0.00	5.64	0.65	6.13	0.33	0.25	94.12
		12	1.58	0.04	0.00	80.35	0.00	0.00	5.38	0.34	6.12	0.28	0.15	94.24
		13	1.97	0.00	0.00	79.56	0.06	0.00	5.24	0.54	5.88	0.61	0.19	94.05
中等铀含量伟晶岩(D-MUP)	晶质铀矿	1	1.52	0.00	0.00	78.41	0.10	0.00	8.49	0.44	5.91	0.29	0.35	95.51
		2	1.64	0.03	0.00	79.77	0.08	0.00	7.06	0.37	5.81	0.31	0.57	95.64
		3	1.53	0.00	0.00	79.98	0.12	0.00	8.43	0.31	5.89	0.26	0.35	96.87
		4	2.17	0.04	0.04	77.77	0.11	0.00	7.61	0.66	5.84	0.54	0.41	95.19
		5	1.73	0.00	0.04	78.33	0.05	0.00	7.32	0.71	5.39	0.53	0.63	94.73
		6	1.29	0.00	0.08	80.91	0.12	0.00	6.91	0.10	5.77	0.00	0.20	95.38
		7	2.24	0.03	0.00	78.20	0.14	0.00	5.58	0.80	5.80	0.76	0.52	94.07
		8	1.89	0.05	0.00	78.45	0.10	0.00	7.36	0.34	5.77	0.11	0.30	94.37
		9	1.95	0.06	0.08	77.91	0.12	0.00	7.05	0.62	5.80	0.52	0.50	94.61
		10	1.65	0.05	0.00	79.17	0.06	0.00	6.81	0.63	6.27	0.44	0.18	95.26
		11	2.09	0.00	0.00	79.34	0.08	0.00	6.15	0.52	6.33	0.57	0.44	95.52
		12	1.86	0.00	0.00	77.86	0.12	0.00	6.95	0.59	5.77	0.40	0.74	94.29
		13	1.33	0.04	0.00	81.52	0.09	0.00	7.43	0.29	5.79	0.16	0.37	97.02
		14	1.99	0.00	0.00	81.40	0.04	0.00	5.24	0.38	6.08	0.32	0.38	95.83
低铀含量伟晶岩(D-LUP)	铀钍石	1	0.54	0.02	0.33	8.20	15.20	0.00	64.11	0.28	1.75	0.00	1.92	92.35
		2	0.58	0.09	0.08	8.07	15.12	0.05	64.23	0.09	2.39	0.00	1.81	92.51
		3	0.62	0.05	0.54	6.96	15.89	0.03	65.27	0.39	1.78	0.12	1.82	93.47
		4	0.96	0.03	0.15	9.80	15.47	0.05	64.02	0.24	2.10	0.00	1.71	94.53
		5	1.23	0.04	0.48	8.69	14.97	0.00	63.81	0.19	2.12	0.15	1.59	93.27

表4 湖山铀矿D型伟晶岩代表性含铀氧化物的化学组成

Table 4 Chemical compositions of representative uranium-bearing oxides in Type-D pegmatites from the Husab deposit

岩石类型	矿物种类	测点编号	w_B/%
岩石类型	矿物种类	测点编号	Y₂O₃	MgO	FeO	UO₂	SiO₂	TiO₂	ThO₂	Ce₂O₃	PbO	Nd₂O₃	CaO	Total
高铀含量伟晶岩(D-HUP)	晶质铀矿	1	2.13	0.04	0.00	81.51	0.06	0.00	5.03	0.36	5.61	0.00	0.17	94.91
		2	1.84	0.00	0.04	83.19	0.00	0.00	4.40	0.32	5.73	0.00	0.22	95.74
		3	1.80	0.03	0.00	80.40	0.00	0.00	5.32	0.29	5.99	0.30	0.24	94.37
		4	1.87	0.00	0.00	80.25	0.00	0.00	5.49	0.27	6.18	0.00	0.20	94.26
		5	1.98	0.00	0.00	82.40	0.04	0.00	4.32	0.25	5.77	0.17	0.29	95.22
		6	1.66	0.00	0.00	79.48	0.12	0.00	5.92	0.60	5.81	0.47	0.39	94.45
		7	1.59	0.00	0.00	80.17	0.03	0.00	5.78	0.68	5.48	0.64	0.34	94.71
		8	1.93	0.00	0.06	81.16	0.00	0.00	4.77	0.31	6.09	0.40	0.20	94.92
		9	1.63	0.00	0.00	78.69	0.08	0.00	5.70	1.16	6.09	0.78	0.39	94.52
		10	1.49	0.00	0.04	82.44	0.00	0.00	4.23	0.40	5.59	0.24	0.32	94.75
		11	1.70	0.03	0.06	79.22	0.11	0.00	5.64	0.65	6.13	0.33	0.25	94.12
		12	1.58	0.04	0.00	80.35	0.00	0.00	5.38	0.34	6.12	0.28	0.15	94.24
		13	1.97	0.00	0.00	79.56	0.06	0.00	5.24	0.54	5.88	0.61	0.19	94.05
中等铀含量伟晶岩(D-MUP)	晶质铀矿	1	1.52	0.00	0.00	78.41	0.10	0.00	8.49	0.44	5.91	0.29	0.35	95.51
		2	1.64	0.03	0.00	79.77	0.08	0.00	7.06	0.37	5.81	0.31	0.57	95.64
		3	1.53	0.00	0.00	79.98	0.12	0.00	8.43	0.31	5.89	0.26	0.35	96.87
		4	2.17	0.04	0.04	77.77	0.11	0.00	7.61	0.66	5.84	0.54	0.41	95.19
		5	1.73	0.00	0.04	78.33	0.05	0.00	7.32	0.71	5.39	0.53	0.63	94.73
		6	1.29	0.00	0.08	80.91	0.12	0.00	6.91	0.10	5.77	0.00	0.20	95.38
		7	2.24	0.03	0.00	78.20	0.14	0.00	5.58	0.80	5.80	0.76	0.52	94.07
		8	1.89	0.05	0.00	78.45	0.10	0.00	7.36	0.34	5.77	0.11	0.30	94.37
		9	1.95	0.06	0.08	77.91	0.12	0.00	7.05	0.62	5.80	0.52	0.50	94.61
		10	1.65	0.05	0.00	79.17	0.06	0.00	6.81	0.63	6.27	0.44	0.18	95.26
		11	2.09	0.00	0.00	79.34	0.08	0.00	6.15	0.52	6.33	0.57	0.44	95.52
		12	1.86	0.00	0.00	77.86	0.12	0.00	6.95	0.59	5.77	0.40	0.74	94.29
		13	1.33	0.04	0.00	81.52	0.09	0.00	7.43	0.29	5.79	0.16	0.37	97.02
		14	1.99	0.00	0.00	81.40	0.04	0.00	5.24	0.38	6.08	0.32	0.38	95.83
低铀含量伟晶岩(D-LUP)	铀钍石	1	0.54	0.02	0.33	8.20	15.20	0.00	64.11	0.28	1.75	0.00	1.92	92.35
		2	0.58	0.09	0.08	8.07	15.12	0.05	64.23	0.09	2.39	0.00	1.81	92.51
		3	0.62	0.05	0.54	6.96	15.89	0.03	65.27	0.39	1.78	0.12	1.82	93.47
		4	0.96	0.03	0.15	9.80	15.47	0.05	64.02	0.24	2.10	0.00	1.71	94.53
		5	1.23	0.04	0.48	8.69	14.97	0.00	63.81	0.19	2.12	0.15	1.59	93.27

图8 湖山铀矿D型伟晶岩晶质铀矿主量元素含量图解 a—UO2-ThO2图解;b—UO2-PbO图解;c—UO2-(FeO+MgO+SiO2+CaO)图解;d—UO2-(Y2O3+Ce2O3+Nd2O3)图解。

Fig.8 Harker diagrams for major elements in uraninite from Type-D pegmatite for the Husab deposit

表5 湖山铀矿D型伟晶岩代表性长石矿物的化学组成

Table 5 Chemical compositions of representative feldspar in Type-D pegmatites from the Husab deposit

图9 湖山铀矿D型伟晶岩长石分类图解

Fig.9 Classification diagrams for feldspars in Type-D pegmatites from the Husab deposit

表6 湖山铀矿D型伟晶岩代表性黑云母矿物的化学组成(计算参考文献[61,62])

Table 6 Chemical compositions of representative biotites in Type-D pegmatites from the Husab deposit. Modified from [61-62].

表7 湖山铀矿D型伟晶岩代表性绿泥石矿物的化学组成

Table 7 Chemical compositions of representative chlorite in Type-D pegmatites from the Husab deposit

图10 湖山铀矿D-LUP黑云母矿物地球化学图解 (据文献[64-65,67-68]) a—Mg-(AlⅥ+Fe3++Ti)-(Fe2++Mn)分类图解;b—10TiO2-(FeOT+MnO)-MgO判别图解;c—MgO-FeOT-Al2O3构造判别图解;d—FeOT/(FeOT+MgO)-MgO图解。

Fig.10 Geochemical diagrams for D-LUP type biotite from the Husab deposit. Modified after [64-65,67-68].

图11 湖山铀矿D-MUP和D-HUP绿泥石分类图解(a)和Mg/(Fe+Mg)-Al/(Al+Mg+Fe)图解(b) (a据文献[70])

Fig.11 Classification diagram (a, modified from [70]) and Mg/(Fe+Mg)-Al/(Al+Mg+Fe) diagram (b) for D-HUP and D-MUP type chlorite from the Husab deposit

图12 D-MUP和D-HUP中绿泥石主要阳离子替换过程图解

Fig.12 Correlation plots of major cations involved in cation substitution in D-HUP and D-MUP type chlorite

图13 湖山铀矿D型伟晶岩铁镁质矿物的 Altotal-Fe/(Fe+Mg)图解黑云母的分子式基于28个阳离子重新计算。

Fig.13 Altotal-Fe/(Fe+Mg) diagram of mafic minerals in Type-D pegmatites from the Husab deposit

图14 湖山铀矿D型伟晶岩分离结晶过程图解(a-d)以及FeOT+MgO+TiO2+MnO(混染指数)与U(e)、Th(f)、Nb(g)及Ta(h)关系图解 FC表示分离结晶,图中符号同图6。

Fig.14 Fractional crystallization diagrams (a-d), FeOT+MgO+TiO2+MnO (hybridization index) vs. U (e) diagram, Th (f) diagram, Nb (g) diagram and Ta (h) diagram for Type-D pegmatites from the Husab deposit

图15 D-HUP体系(a)和D-LUP 体系(b)的温度(T)-成分(X(Mg))图解矿物缩写:melt—硅酸盐熔体,ilm—钛铁矿,ru—金红石,abh-钠长石,Pl—斜长石,Kfs—钾长石,Bio—黑云母,crd—堇青石,hcrd—含水堇青石,Qz—石英。图a中:① melt Bio ilm;② melt Bio ilm ru;③ melt Bio ru;④ melt Bio abh ilm;⑤ melt Bio abh ilm ru;⑥ melt Bio abh ru;⑦ melt Bio abh crd ilm ru;⑧ melt Bio abh hcrd ilm;⑨ melt abh Kfs Bio ilm H2O;⑩ abh Bio ilm H2O; ⑪ abh Bio hcrd ilm ru H2O。X(Mg)=w(MgO)/w(MgO+FeOT)。

Fig.15 T-X(Mg) diagrams for D-HUP (a) and D-LUP (b) system

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伟晶质岩浆的同化混染与分离结晶(AFC)作用及铀成矿效应:以纳米比亚湖山铀矿为例

Assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC) of pegmatitic magma and its implications for uranium mineralization: A case study of the Husab uranium deposit, Namibia

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