地学前缘 ›› 2019, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 118-127.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2018.12.15

• 污染土壤修复 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同超富集、富集植物玉米间作模式对玉米中镉吸收、转运的影响研究

霍文敏,赵中秋,王丽,邹茸,范洪黎   

  1. 1. 中国地质大学(北京) 土地科学技术学院, 北京 100083
    2. 农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室; 中国农业科学院 农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-25 修回日期:2018-10-17 出版日期:2019-11-30 发布日期:2019-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 范洪黎(1969—),女,博士,研究员,硕士生导师,主要从事重金属污染与修复研究。
  • 作者简介:霍文敏(1992—),女,硕士,地质工程专业。E-mail:hwm5391@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0800806)

Study of the effects of intercropping different hyperaccumulator and accumulator plants on Cd uptake and transportation by maize

HUO Wenmin,ZHAO Zhongqiu,WANG Li,ZOU Rong,FAN Hongli   

  1. 1. School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-07-25 Revised:2018-10-17 Online:2019-11-30 Published:2019-11-30
  • Supported by:
     

摘要: 为了研究Cd污染条件下,玉米分别与苋菜、黑麦草、龙葵间作对重金属Cd吸收和转运的特点,从而选择适宜与玉米间作的富集植物,同时达到修复重金属Cd污染土壤的目的。该文以镉(Cd)污染的河南棕壤黏土为供试土壤,通过盆栽试验,基于玉米各器官中Cd含量、富集系数、转运系数、土壤有效态Cd含量的变化,研究了间作苋菜、黑麦草、龙葵对玉米各器官Cd的积累特性的影响及其迁移转运机制。结果表明:(1)龙葵、苋菜、黑麦草间作使得玉米地上部Cd含量显著性降低(P<0.05),其中以籽粒中Cd含量的下降最为显著。间作苋菜、黑麦草、龙葵,玉米籽粒中Cd含量分别下降了67.6%、75.7%和79.9%。(2)间作苋菜、黑麦草、龙葵使得玉米的富集系数较单作处理下玉米的富集系数分别下降了49.3%、39.7%和68.5%,且差异达到显著水平。(3)与苋菜、黑麦草间作相比,间作龙葵的玉米转运系数分别下降了27.5%、24.2%,且差异均达到显著水平。通过对人体每天摄入Cd量的安全值计算得出间作后土壤中Cd全量应低于2.26 mg·kg-1,土壤有效态Cd含量低于0.88 mg·kg-1。该污染农田在间作模式下,食用玉米Cd暴露对居民健康不存在风险。间作苋菜、黑麦草、龙葵能够抑制玉米对Cd的吸收,同时阻控玉米地上部Cd向地上部的转移,尤其是向籽粒转移。通过间作苋菜、黑麦草、龙葵,不仅降低了主栽作物玉米的Cd累积量,实现玉米安全、优质种植,同时也达到了修复污染土壤的目的。

 

关键词: 镉, 玉米, 间作, 吸收转运机制

Abstract: In order to study the characteristics of heavy metal Cd absorption and transportation due to intercropping maize and Amaranthus mangostanus L., Lolium perenne L. and Solanum nigrum L. under Cd contamination conditions, we selected accumulators suitable for maize intercropping and achieved remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. In this paper, we used the Cd contaminated brown clay from Henan Province as test soil. In pot experiments, we studied the mechanism of Cd accumulation, absorption and transportation due to intercropping hyperaccumulator S.nigrum and accumulators Lolium perenne L. and Amaranthus mangostanus L., based on the changes of Cd contents in various organs of maize and changes of enrichment coefficient, translocation coefficient, total Cd in soil and available Cd content. The results showed that (1) intercropping significantly decreased Cd contents in above ground parts of maize (P<0.05), with maximum decrease in maize grain, where the Cd contents decreased by 67.6%, 75.7% and 79.9% under intercropping Amaranthus mangostanus L., Lolium perenne L. and S.nigrum, respectively; (2) compared with moncropping, intercropping the three plants decreased the Cd enrichment factor in maize by 49.3%, 39.7% and 68.5%, respectively; and (3) intercropping S.nigrum decreased the Cd transfer factors in maize by 27.5% and 24.2% compared with Amaranthus mangostanus L. and Lolium perenne L., respectively, and the difference reached a significant level. Safety value calculation for daily Cd uptake indicated that after intercropping treatments, the total Cd content should be less than 2.26 mg·kg-1 and effective Cd content lower than 0.88 mg·kg-1. Therefore, intercropping ameliorates Cd exposure risk for maize consumption in the contaminated farmland. In conclusion, intercropping Amaranthus mangostanus L., Lolium perenne L., S.nigrum and maize could inhibit both Cd uptake by maize and Cd transfer from maize roots to shoots or specially roots to grain. This scheme of intercropping not only reduces Cd accumulation in maize and ensures the safety and high quality of maize planting, it also achieves the purpose of soil remediation.

Key words: Cd, maize, intercropping, absorption and translocation mechanism

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