黄土高原特色农业区土壤养分微量元素空间分异规律及影响因素

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.12.129

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄土高原是我国旱地农业的核心区域之一,探究黄土高原特色农业区土壤微量养分元素空间分布规律及影响因素,对于提高农业生产效率和农田生态保护效果具有积极意义。本研究在实地土壤采样的基础上,利用空间插值构建Mo、Ge、Zn、Mn和Cu等5类土壤微量养分元素空间分布特征,并参照相关文件进行土壤养分分级和计算综合养分指数。最终,结合多种自然、社会因子分析影响因素,提出关于土壤微量元素监测与调节的思考。结果表明,研究区5类微量元素含量均较为缺乏。Mo元素含量值差异较大,空间分布呈现出“东北-西南”走向的分布特征,其他元素普遍呈现东部和北部高于西部和南部的特征。各类元素含量普遍随着与道路和居民点距离的增加和与黄河距离的减少而下降,同时会随着土壤湿度增大或海拔降低而下降。各类元素含量普遍表现为褐土>石灰性褐土>黄绵土>冲积土。土壤微量元素空间分布的研究有助于掌握土壤微量元素丰富或缺乏状态的基础,能够为土壤微量元素监测与调节提供参考依据。

关键词: 土壤微量元素, 黄土高原, 特色农业区, 空间分异

Abstract:

The Loess Plateau is one of the core dryland agricultural areas in China, and exploring the spatial distribution of soil trace elements and their influencing factors in a typical agricultural area of the Loess Plateau is important for improving production efficiency and effectiveness of farmland ecological protection. In this study, a spatial interpolation based on field soil sampling was adopted to determine the spatial distribution characteristics of five soil trace elements, namely, Mo, Ge, Zn, Mn and Cu. Soil composite index calculation with reference to documents related to geochemistry of land quality. The relevant documents related to soil nutrient classification were referred to for calculating comprehensive nutrient indices. Finally, the influencing factors were analyzed in combination with various natural and social factors, and recommendations for soil trace element monitoring and regulation were proposed. The results showed that the contents of five trace elements in the study area were relatively deficient. The values of Mo varied greatly showing a northeast-southwest spatial distribution, while the concentrations of other elements were generally greatest in the east and north. Most elements generally decreased with increasing distance to roads and settlements or increased closer to the Yellow River, and decreased with increasing soil moisture or lower altitude. The contents of various elements generally decreased in the order Cinnamon soil>Calcic cinnamon soil>Loessial soil>Alluvial soil. Studying the spatial distribution of soil trace elements helps researchers understand the richness or deficiency status and can provide a reference for soil trace element monitoring and regulation.

Key words: soil trace elements, Loess Plateau, typical agricultural area, spatial differentiation

中图分类号:

S151

王宏宇, 王娟, 马蓉蓉, 周伟. 黄土高原特色农业区土壤养分微量元素空间分异规律及影响因素[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(5): 511-523.

WANG Hongyu, WANG Juan, MA Rongrong, ZHOU Wei. Spatial differences in soil nutrient trace element concentrations in a typical agricultural area of the southern Loess Plateau[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(5): 511-523.

图/表 14

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数据名称	来源	网址
Sentinel-2	欧空局哥白尼数据中心	https://scihub.copernicus.eu/
土壤类型	地理科学生态网	http://www.csdn.store/
DEM	地理空间数据云	https://www.gscloud.cn/
黄河范围	资源环境科学与数据中心	https://www.resdc.cn/
居民点
行政边界
道路	OpenStreetMap	https://openmaptiles.org/

数据名称	来源	网址
Sentinel-2	欧空局哥白尼数据中心	https://scihub.copernicus.eu/
土壤类型	地理科学生态网	http://www.csdn.store/
DEM	地理空间数据云	https://www.gscloud.cn/
黄河范围	资源环境科学与数据中心	https://www.resdc.cn/
居民点
行政边界
道路	OpenStreetMap	https://openmaptiles.org/

等级	含量/(mg·kg^-1)
等级	Mo	Ge	Zn	Mn	Cu
Ⅰ/X1	0.85	1.5	84	700	29
Ⅱ/X2	0.65~0.85	1.4~1.5	71~84	600~700	24~29
Ⅲ/X3	0.55~0.65	1.3~1.4	62~71	500~600	21~24
Ⅳ/X4	0.45~0.55	1.2~1.3	50~62	375~500	16~21
Ⅴ/X5	0.45	1.2	50	375	16

等级	含量/(mg·kg^-1)
等级	Mo	Ge	Zn	Mn	Cu
Ⅰ/X1	0.85	1.5	84	700	29
Ⅱ/X2	0.65~0.85	1.4~1.5	71~84	600~700	24~29
Ⅲ/X3	0.55~0.65	1.3~1.4	62~71	500~600	21~24
Ⅳ/X4	0.45~0.55	1.2~1.3	50~62	375~500	16~21
Ⅴ/X5	0.45	1.2	50	375	16

土壤类型	分段中断值
土壤类型	NDVI	Wet	DEM/m	与黄河距离/km	与居民点距离/km	与道路距离/km
石灰性褐土、褐土、黄绵土、冲积土	0.2	0.05	400	1	0.5	0.5
	0.3	0.15	500	5	1	1
	0.4	0.25	600	10	2	2
	0.5	0.35	700	15	5	5