论热液成矿系统中构造体系控矿作用

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.11.65

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

构造体系是李四光先生创立的地质力学理论和方法的灵魂。针对目前相关文献中对构造体系的各种表述和用法,本文从构造体系基本概念出发正本清源,深刻理解构造体系的内涵,发展和应用地质力学理论和方法,为揭示地壳构造和地壳运动的规律、深入研究构造与成岩成矿(藏)的关系,以及指导矿产资源探测和评价提供依据。本文讨论了主压应力作用、力偶持续作用下发生序次转化形成的构造体系的力学机制,总结了构造体系具有统一性、区域性、层次性、复合性(继承性)和复杂性的特点;研究提出构造型式具有层次性,成矿构造体系具有一致性、阶段性、差异性、多样性和转换性的特点,并总结揭示了其控岩控矿规律;基于成矿构造体系(控矿构造型式)与成矿系统的成生联系,从矿集区、矿田和矿床分布的规律性,构造变形作用、岩浆活动和成矿作用的同时性,以及含矿构造和矿石中物质组成特征的一致性等方面,厘定成矿构造体系,进而提出成矿构造体系研究方法,为矿床(体)找矿预测和深部勘探提供依据。在此基础上,以非岩浆热液型多金属成矿系统(川滇黔成矿区富锗铅锌矿床)和岩浆热液型多金属成矿系统(湘南坪宝铜锡多金属矿田)为例,论证了构造体系控矿作用及其研究的重要意义。

关键词: 成矿构造体系, 控矿构造型式, 控矿作用, 矿田地质力学, 热液成矿系统

Abstract:

The structural system is the cornerstone of the geomechanics theory and methodology established by Prof. Li Siguang (J. S. Lee). This study begins with an exploration of the fundamental concept of the structural system, delving into its connotations to further develop and apply geomechanics theory and methodology based on the various interpretations and applications of the structural system in relevant literature, which provides a foundation for understanding the principles of crustal structure and movement, investigating the relationship between structure, diagenesis, and mineralization (reservoir formation), and guiding the exploration and evaluation of mineral resources.The study discusses the mechanical mechanisms of structural systems formed under the influence of principal compressive stress and the continuous effects of couples. Structural systems exhibit characteristics such as uniformity, regionality, hierarchy, inheritance, and complexity. It is proposed that structural types are hierarchical, while ore-forming structural systems possess distinct features, including consistency, periodicity, differentiation, diversity, and transformation. The ore-controlling rules of ore-forming structural systems are summarized and revealed. By examining the genetic relationship between ore-forming structural systems (ore-controlling structural types) and metallogenic systems, this study identifies key factors such as the regular distribution of ore-concentrated areas, ore fields, and ore deposits; the contemporaneity of structural deformation, magmatic activity, and mineralization; and the compositional consistency between ore-bearing structures and ores. These factors are used to define ore-forming structural systems and propose a research methodology for their study. This methodology provides a framework for prospecting predictions and deep exploration of ore deposits and ore bodies. To illustrate the ore-controlling roles and significance of ore-forming structural systems, this study examines two examples: the non-magmatic hydrothermal polymetallic metallogenic system (e.g., lead-zinc polymetallic deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou metallogenic area) and the magmatic hydrothermal polymetallic metallogenic system (e.g., copper-tin polymetallic deposits in the Huangshaping-Baoshan ore field in southern Hunan).

Key words: ore-forming structural system, ore-controlling structural type, ore-controlling processes, orefield geomechanics, hydrothermal metallogenic system

中图分类号:

韩润生, 刘飞, 张艳. 论热液成矿系统中构造体系控矿作用[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(2): 371-389.

HAN Runsheng, LIU Fei, ZHANG Yan. Discussion on ore-controlling roles of structural system in hydrothermal metallogenic system[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(2): 371-389.

图/表 13

图1 构造体系类型(据文献[16])

Fig.1 Types of structural system. Adapted from [16].

图2 主压应力作用(a)和力偶作用(b)下形成构造体系的力学机制(据文献[16])

Fig.2 Mechanical mechanism of structural system formed by the principal compressive stress effect (a) and the couple continuous effect (b). Adapted from [16].

图3 水平主压应力持续作用下岩层的应力状态和变形过程(据文献[6,16])

Fig.3 Stress state and deformation process of rock stratum under continuous effect of the horizontal principal compressive stress. Adapted from [6,16].

图4 力偶持续作用下变形过程的力学机制示意图(据文献[6,16])

Fig.4 Mechanical mechanism diagram of deformation process under continuous effect of the couple. Adapted from [6,16].

图5 川滇黔富锗铅锌多金属成矿区构造和矿床分布图(据文献[34])

Fig.5 Distribution between deposits and structures in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou lead-zinc metallogenic area. Adapted from [34].

图6 滇东北富锗铅锌矿集区典型矿床断褶构造平面图(据文献[45]) (a)—会泽铅锌矿床;(b)—毛坪铅锌矿床;(c)—乐马厂铅锌矿床;(d)—茂租—东坪铅锌矿床;(e)—富乐厂铅锌矿床;(f)—金沙厂铅锌矿床;(g)—五星厂铅锌矿床;(h)—雨禄铅锌矿床。

Fig.6 Fault-fold structure plan of typical deposits in the northeastern Yunnan lead-zinc metallogenic area. Adapted from [45].

图7 川滇黔富锗铅锌多金属成矿区构造变形期次及其演化(据文献[36])

Fig.7 Structural deformation period and its evolution in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou lead-zinc metallogenic area. Adapted from [36].

图8 川滇黔富锗铅锌多金属成矿区典型矿床断褶构造组合型式(据文献[36])

Fig.8 The combination type of fault-fold structure of typical deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou lead-zinc metallogenic area. Adapted from [36].

图9 滇西南翁孔坝铜多金属矿床特殊的棋盘格式构造型式(据文献[42])

Fig.9 The special chessboard structural type in the Wengkongba copper polymetallic deposit in the southwestern Yunnan. Adapted from [42].

图10 矿田(床)构造专项研究流程和方法框架

Fig.10 Process and method of monographic study on ore-field (deposit) structure

图11 川滇黔富锗铅锌多金属成矿区铅锌矿床成矿地质模型(据文献[37])

Fig.11 The metallogenic geological model of rich-Ge lead-zinc deposit in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou lead-zinc metallogenic area. Adapted from [37].

图12 黄沙坪—宝山铜锡多金属矿田构造体系及其动力学演化(据文献[46])

Fig.12 The ore-field structural system and its evolution of the Huangshaping-Baoshan district. Adapted from [46].

图13 黄沙坪铜锡多金属矿床构造控岩控矿模式(据文献[46]) 1—石英斑岩;2—花岗斑岩;3—黑云母花岗岩;4—夕卡岩;5—斑岩型Cu矿体;6—夕卡岩型W-Sn-Mo-Cu矿体;7—夕卡岩型Fe矿体;8—脉状Pb-Zn矿体;9—地质界线;10—NE向压扭性主干断裂;11—控岩控矿断裂;12—倒转背斜;13—倒转向斜;14—主压应力和方向;15—岩体侵位方向。

Fig.13 The structural ore- and rock-controlling model of the Huangshaping copper-tin polymetallic deposit. Adapted from [46].

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