中深层地热资源勘探开发技术与典型应用

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.1.60

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 230-241.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.1.60

中深层地热资源勘探开发技术与典型应用

孙焕泉¹^,²(), 高楠安¹^,³^,⁴, 吴陈冰洁¹^,³^,⁴, 国殿斌¹^,³^,⁴, 方吉超¹^,⁵, 赵磊¹^,³^,⁴, 刘健¹^,³^,⁶, 周总瑛¹^,³^,⁴

1.深层地热富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室, 北京 102206
2.中国石油化工集团有限公司, 北京 100728
3.中国石化集团新星石油有限责任公司, 北京 100083
4.中国石化地热资源开发利用重点实验室, 北京 100083
5.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 102206
6.中国石化绿源地热能开发有限公司, 河北雄安 071800

收稿日期:2025-01-20 修回日期:2025-01-24 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-25
作者简介:孙焕泉(1965—),男,中国工程院院士,中国石油化工集团有限公司总工程师,主要从事油气及地热开发理论技术研究工作。E-mail:sunhquan@sinopec.com
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项“重点地区深部热能探测评价(2024ZD1003600)”

Medium-deep geothermal exploration and development technology and typical applications

SUN Huanquan¹^,²(), GAO Nan’an¹^,³^,⁴, WU Chenbingjie¹^,³^,⁴, GUO Dianbin¹^,³^,⁴, FANG Jichao¹^,⁵, ZHAO Lei¹^,³^,⁴, LIU Jian¹^,³^,⁶, ZHOU Zongying¹^,³^,⁴

1. State Key Laboratory of Deep Geothermal Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Beijing 102206, China
2. China Petrochemical Corporation, Beijing 100728, China
3. SINOPEC Star Petroleum Co., Ltd. (Sinopec Star), Beijing 100083, China
4. Key Laboratory of Geothermal Resources Exploitation and Utilization, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
5. SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China
6. Sinopec Green Energy Geothermal Development Co., Ltd., Hebei Xiong’an 071800, China

Received:2025-01-20 Revised:2025-01-24 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球能源结构转型和清洁能源需求不断增长的背景下,中深层地热资源作为一种现实的本土、稳定可再生能源,正受到国际社会的极大关注。中国的地热资源分布呈现出明显的地域性特征,东部和西南部地区具有较高的地热资源开发潜力。中深层地热资源的理论能量储量相当于12 500亿吨标准煤。目前,我国已经建立了一套相对成熟的中深层地热资源勘探开发技术体系,覆盖了从全面勘探到高效开发的各个环节,极大提升了资源的勘探精确度和开发效率。在地热勘探评价技术中,地热系统要素综合分析技术揭示地热资源富集规律和形成机制,地球物理综合探测技术重点聚焦刻画断裂构造样式和含水热储展布,地热资源选区评价技术逐级聚焦圈定有利开发目标区,这一系列技术有效应用于华北地区地热勘探工作,部署的勘探井成功率超过80%;地热高效开发技术中,地热田多场耦合模拟技术指导优化开发参数,在满足生产需要的同时防止热突破;地热能开发钻完井技术因地制宜完善井身结构、钻完井工艺,保证地热井安全高效的施工;地热水自然回灌技术和取热不耗水技术在开发过程中有效保护地下热储和维持水层压力,保障地热能的可持续开发。在我国众多中深层地热资源规模开发实践中,渤海湾盆地的雄安地区和关中盆地的咸阳地区分别是盆地内碳酸盐岩热储和砂岩热储开发的典型代表。针对两个地区不同的地热地质条件,运用地质建模和数值模拟技术,提出了井网布局和开发参数优化方法,确保地热项目的长期稳定运行,为具有类似地质条件地区地热资源的高效、环保和可持续开发提供了参考借鉴。

关键词: 中深层地热资源, 勘探开发技术, 地热系统要素, 可持续开发

Abstract:

In the context of the global energy structure transformation and the increasing demand for clean energy, medium-deep geothermal resources, as a practical, localized, and stable renewable energy source, are receiving significant attention from the international community. China’s geothermal resources exhibit distinct regional characteristics, with higher geothermal potential in the eastern and southwestern regions. It is estimated that the theoretical energy reserves of China’s medium-deep geothermal resources are equivalent to 1250 billion tons of standard coal. At present, China has established a relatively mature technical system for the exploration and development of medium-deep geothermal resources, covering all aspects from exploration to efficient development, greatly enhancing the accuracy of resource exploration and development efficiency. In geothermal exploration and evaluation technologies, comprehensive analysis of geothermal system reveals the enrichment patterns and formation mechanisms of geothermal resources; Comprehensive geophysical exploration focuses on fracture structural and water-bearing reservoirs to delineate target areas; Geothermal resource site selection and evaluation technology has guided the geothermal exploration work in North China, with a success rate of over 80% for the deployed exploration wells. In high-efficiency geothermal development technologies, Multi-field coupling simulations optimize extraction parameters to prevent thermal breakthrough while meeting production demands.; Geothermal energy development drilling and completion technology adapts to local conditions to refine well structure and drilling and completion processes, effectively ensuring the safe and efficient construction of geothermal wells; Natural recharge technology for geothermal water and heat extraction without water consumption technology achieve full-cycle recharge of geothermal water and sustainable development of geothermal energy. Notable large-scale applications include the Xiong’an area (Bohai Bay Basin) and Xianyang region (Guanzhong Basin), representing carbonate and sandstone reservoir development respectively. Based on geological modeling and numerical simulation, specific well network layout and development parameter optimization schemes have been proposed for the above two regions, providing reference for efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable development of geothermal resources in areas with similar geological conditions.

Key words: medium-deep geothermal resources, exploration and development technology, geothermal system elements, sustainable development

中图分类号:

P314

孙焕泉, 高楠安, 吴陈冰洁, 国殿斌, 方吉超, 赵磊, 刘健, 周总瑛. 中深层地热资源勘探开发技术与典型应用[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(2): 230-241.

SUN Huanquan, GAO Nan’an, WU Chenbingjie, GUO Dianbin, FANG Jichao, ZHAO Lei, LIU Jian, ZHOU Zongying. Medium-deep geothermal exploration and development technology and typical applications[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(2): 230-241.

图/表 7

图1 京津冀及汾渭平原城市所在区域大地热流平面分布图

Fig.1 Planar distribution map of geothermal flow in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Fenwei Plain

图2 渤海湾盆地两类地热系统垂向分布示意图(据文献[28]修改)

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the vertical distribution of two types of geothermal systems in the Bohai Bay Basin. Modified after [28].

图3 2022—2023供暖季河南兰考砂岩地热回灌井解堵措施实施前后水量(左图)、压力(右图)变化柱状图

Fig.3 Bar chart showing the changes in water volume and pressure before and after the unblocking measures of sandstone geothermal recharge wells in Lankao, Henan (2022-2023 heating season).

图4 雄安新区盛唐2井不同流量下100年开采周期内温度(实线)和井底压力(虚线)演变

Fig.4 Temperature evolution (solid line) and bottom hole pressureevolution (dashed line) of Shengtang 2 well in Xiong’an New Area during a 100 year production cycle at different flow rates

图5 雄安新区绿港地热井不同回灌水温度下开采井井底温度变化(实线)和不同井距对开采井温度的影响(虚线)

Fig.5 Temperature changes at the bottom of the production well under different backfill water temperature (solid line) and the influence of different well spacing on the temperature of production wells (dashed line) in Xiong’an New Area

图6 关中盆地地热水聚运模型(据文献[39]修改)

Fig.6 Regional groundwater migration model of the Guanzhong Basin. Modified after [39].

图7 咸阳地区连续3个采暖季单井平均流量曲线(采灌段约为1 500~3 000 m/采灌段约为1 500~2 500 m)

Fig.7 Curve of average flow rate of single wells in Xianyang area for three consecutive heating seasons (The production section is 1500 to 3000 m/The production section is 1500 to 2500 m)

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中深层地热资源勘探开发技术与典型应用

Medium-deep geothermal exploration and development technology and typical applications

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