中国土壤硼地球化学异常特征与找矿远景区预测

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.10.35

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 50-60.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.10.35

• 战略资源地球化学评价理论 • 上一篇下一篇

中国土壤硼地球化学异常特征与找矿远景区预测

柳青青(), 王学求^*(), 张必敏, 周建, 王玮, 刘汉粮, 刘东盛, 周怡宁, 常婵

1.中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所自然资源部地球化学探测重点实验室, 河北廊坊 065000
2.联合国教科文组织全球尺度地球化学国际研究中心, 河北廊坊 065000

收稿日期:2024-08-15 修回日期:2024-10-10 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-01-15
通信作者: *王学求(1962—),男,博士,研究员,主要从事应用地球化学和全球地球化学基准研究。 E-mail: wxueqiu@mail.cgs.gov.cn
作者简介:柳青青(1986—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事应用地球化学和全球地球化学基准研究。 E-mail: lqingqing@mail.cgs.gov.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金地质联合基金项目(U2244219);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221807)

Characteristics of boron geochemical anomalies and prediction of boron resource potential in China

LIU Qingqing(), WANG Xueqiu^*(), ZHANG Bimin, ZHOU Jian, WANG Wei, LIU Hanliang, LIU Dongsheng, ZHOU Yining, CHANG Chan

1. Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration of Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
2. UNESCO International Centre on Global-scale Geochemistry, Langfang 065000, China

Received:2024-08-15 Revised:2024-10-10 Online:2025-01-25 Published:2025-01-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

硼是一种新兴战略矿产,在现代高新技术产业中应用广泛。近年来,硼的需求持续上升,硼矿资源勘查也日益受到重视。本文依托中国地球化学基准值计划所采集的3 380件汇水域深层土壤数据,提供了全国B元素地球化学分布和异常特征。全国汇水域土壤深层样品B平均含量为46.4 μg/g,B整体上具有南高北低、连片分布的特点,可划分为5个地球化学分区,分别为东北与内蒙古东部地区(Ⅰ)、西北部地区(Ⅱ)、华北地区(Ⅲ)、青藏地区(Ⅳ)和南方地区(Ⅴ)。以B含量70.9和52.4 μg/g(累频85%)分别作为南北方异常下限,共圈定出37个B地球化学异常,在全国圈定10个地球化学省和9个小规模异常。根据B异常空间分布,结合地质背景和硼矿床分布,进一步划分出9个成矿远景区,建议加大盐湖型硼矿的找矿勘查力度,并将硬岩(海相沉积)型硼矿作为下一步勘查目标。

关键词: 硼, 中国地球化学基准, 找矿远景区, 深层土壤, 地球化学异常

Abstract:

Boron (B) is a new strategic mineral widely used in modern high-tech industries. In recent years the exploration of boron mineral resource has received increasing attention as the demand for boron contineous to rise. The overall distribution characteristics of boron in China is very important for boron prospecting. Based on analyses of the 3380 deep soil samples collected by the China Geochemical Baseline (CGB) project, this paper reveals the geochemical and anomaly distribution characteristics of boron in China. We found that the average boron concentration in deep sediments/alluvial soil of China was 46.4 mg/kg, showing a trend of high in the south and low in the north, with contiguous distribution across five geochemical zones: northeastern China and eastern Inner Mongolia (Ⅰ); northwestern China (Ⅱ); northern China (Ⅲ); Qinghai-Tibet (Ⅳ) and southern China (Ⅴ). Taking 70.9 and 52.4 μg/g (cumulative frequency 85%) as the lower anomaly thresholds in the south and the north, respectively, we identified a total of 37 geochemical anomalies, which were classified into ten geochemical provinces and nine individual anomalies. According to the spatial distribution of boron anomalies, combined with the geological background and distribution of boron deposits, we further delineated nine metallogenic prospective areas. We suggest that more efforts should be made to explore boron-rich salt lake deposits, and that hard rock (marine sedimentary) boron deposits should be the next exploration target.

Key words: boron, China Geochemical Baseline, potential mineral resources area, deep soil, geochemical anomalies

中图分类号:

P595
P596

柳青青, 王学求, 张必敏, 周建, 王玮, 刘汉粮, 刘东盛, 周怡宁, 常婵. 中国土壤硼地球化学异常特征与找矿远景区预测[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(1): 50-60.

LIU Qingqing, WANG Xueqiu, ZHANG Bimin, ZHOU Jian, WANG Wei, LIU Hanliang, LIU Dongsheng, ZHOU Yining, CHANG Chan. Characteristics of boron geochemical anomalies and prediction of boron resource potential in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(1): 50-60.

图/表 6

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测试指标	样品处理方法	分析方法	检出限/(mg·kg^-1)	报出率/%	合格率/%
测试指标	样品处理方法	分析方法	检出限/(mg·kg^-1)	报出率/%	标准物质	密码样	重复样
B	粉末电极	ES	2	100	99.7	98.2	94.9

测试指标	样品处理方法	分析方法	检出限/(mg·kg^-1)	报出率/%	合格率/%
测试指标	样品处理方法	分析方法	检出限/(mg·kg^-1)	报出率/%	标准物质	密码样	重复样
B	粉末电极	ES	2	100	99.7	98.2	94.9

岩类	岩性	样品数/件	中位值/ (μg·g^-1)	算术平均值/ (μg·g^-1)	岩类	岩性	样品数/件	中位值/ (μg·g^-1)	算术平均值/ (μg·g^-1)
侵入岩	平均	2 634	5	12	沉积岩	钙质泥质岩	174	63	70
	酸性岩	2 077	5	11		泥质岩	712	77	93
	中性岩	340	7	15		石灰岩	1 309	1	9
	基性岩	164	6	9		白云岩	441	3	10
	超基性岩	53	12	45		泥灰岩	49	26	38
火山岩	平均	1 467	7	14		硅质岩	68	18	31
	玄武岩	238	4	11		冰碛岩	5	15	15
	安山岩	279	6	11	变质岩	平均	1 806	25	42
	流纹岩	378	7	13		板岩	525	57	65
	火山碎屑岩	88	7	13		千枚岩	150	57	65
	凝灰岩	432	9	18		片岩	380	27	53
	粗面岩	43	7	10		片麻岩	289	5	13
沉积岩	平均	6 208	24	39		变粒岩	119	6	18
	石英砂岩	221	20	30		麻粒岩	4	5	5
	长石石英砂岩	888	30	38		斜长角闪岩	88	6	8
	长石砂岩	458	31	44		大理岩	106	2	7
	砂岩	1 844	34	44		石英岩	75	13	26
	粉砂质泥质岩	106	52	60		汇水区表层土壤	3 382	43	50

岩类	岩性	样品数/件	中位值/ (μg·g^-1)	算术平均值/ (μg·g^-1)	岩类	岩性	样品数/件	中位值/ (μg·g^-1)	算术平均值/ (μg·g^-1)
侵入岩	平均	2 634	5	12	沉积岩	钙质泥质岩	174	63	70
	酸性岩	2 077	5	11		泥质岩	712	77	93
	中性岩	340	7	15		石灰岩	1 309	1	9
	基性岩	164	6	9		白云岩	441	3	10
	超基性岩	53	12	45		泥灰岩	49	26	38
火山岩	平均	1 467	7	14		硅质岩	68	18	31
	玄武岩	238	4	11		冰碛岩	5	15	15
	安山岩	279	6	11	变质岩	平均	1 806	25	42
	流纹岩	378	7	13		板岩	525	57	65
	火山碎屑岩	88	7	13		千枚岩	150	57	65
	凝灰岩	432	9	18		片岩	380	27	53
	粗面岩	43	7	10		片麻岩	289	5	13
沉积岩	平均	6 208	24	39		变粒岩	119	6	18
	石英砂岩	221	20	30		麻粒岩	4	5	5
	长石石英砂岩	888	30	38		斜长角闪岩	88	6	8
	长石砂岩	458	31	44		大理岩	106	2	7
	砂岩	1 844	34	44		石英岩	75	13	26
	粉砂质泥质岩	106	52	60		汇水区表层土壤	3 382	43	50

取样层位	样品数/ 件	最小值/ (μg·g^-1)	2.5%/ (μg·g^-1)	15%/ (μg·g^-1)	25%/ (μg·g^-1)	50%/ (μg·g^-1)	75%/ (μg·g^-1)	85%/ (μg·g^-1)	97.5%/ (μg·g^-1)	最大值/ (μg·g^-1)	算数平均值/ (μg·g^-1)	几何平均值/ (μg·g^-1)
表层	3 382	0.8	11.4	23.6	29.9	43.4	61.4	74.8	118.0	1 000.0	50.1	41.8
深层	3 380	1.9	8.7	20.1	26.4	40.5	58.5	70.9	111.0	1 000.0	46.4	37.9

中国土壤硼地球化学异常特征与找矿远景区预测

Characteristics of boron geochemical anomalies and prediction of boron resource potential in China

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异常区编号	异常点个数/个	面积S/ km²	异常下限T/ (μg·g^-1)	算数平均值X/ (μg·g^-1)	背景值(总体中位值)B/ (μg·g^-1)	极大值Max/ (μg·g^-1)	异常衬度 X/T	异常强度 X/B	面金属量 X×S/ (μg·g^-1·km²)
B1	3	4 152	52.4	69.6	34.2	84.2	1.33	2.04	288 979
B2	1	4 340	52.4	138.0	34.2	138.0	2.63	4.04	598 920
B3	10	24 264	52.4	85.0	34.2	213.0	1.62	2.48	2 062 440
B4	5	13 926	52.4	81.5	34.2	115.0	1.56	2.38	1 134 969
B5	1	4 074	52.4	84.6	34.2	84.6	1.61	2.47	344 660
B6	16	63 701	52.4	95.0	34.2	299.0	1.81	2.78	6 051 595
B7	2	4 443	52.4	78.8	34.2	103.0	1.50	2.30	350 108
B8	20	95 665	52.4	69.1	34.2	97.9	1.32	2.02	6 610 452
B9	11	53 949	52.4	67.6	34.2	80.4	1.29	1.98	3 646 952
B10	5	12 836	70.9	90.5	40.5	111.0	1.28	2.23	1 161 658
B11	4	20 653	70.9	115.0	40.5	168.0	1.63	2.84	2 375 095
B12	4	17 838	70.9	89.0	40.5	100.0	1.25	2.20	1 587 582
B13	43	153 857	70.9	116.0	40.5	267.0	1.64	2.86	17 847 412
B14	8	42 123	70.9	96.2	40.5	114.0	1.36	2.38	4 052 233
B15	8	48 577	70.9	101.0	40.5	125.0	1.42	2.49	4 906 277
B16	7	23 621	70.9	94.2	40.5	111.0	1.33	2.33	2 225 098
B17	20	54 128	70.9	96.5	40.5	132.0	1.36	2.38	5 223 352
B18	6	17 043	70.9	94.5	40.5	164.0	1.33	2.33	1 610 564
B19	1	1 770	70.9	143.0	40.5	143.0	2.01	3.53	253 110
B20	2	6 000	70.9	83.2	40.5	91.6	1.17	2.05	499 200
B21	4	10 402	70.9	89.0	40.5	101.0	1.26	2.20	925 778
B22	5	8 833	70.9	86.3	40.5	105.0	1.22	2.13	762 288
B23	13	47 277	70.9	87.0	40.5	137.0	1.23	2.15	4 113 099
B24	4	19 949	70.9	106.0	40.5	128.0	1.50	2.62	2 114 594
B25	20	69 081	70.9	90.2	40.5	138.0	1.27	2.23	6 231 106
B26	3	6 781	70.9	80.7	40.5	83.7	1.14	1.99	547 227
B27	14	42 922	70.9	96.3	40.5	138.0	1.36	2.38	4 133 389
B28	23	102 957	70.9	101.0	40.5	176.0	1.43	2.49	10 398 657
B29	24	96 651	70.9	107.0	40.5	239.0	1.51	2.64	10 341 657
B30	12	48 669	70.9	95.2	40.5	133.0	1.34	2.35	4 633 289
B31	19	55 019	70.9	136.0	40.5	853.0	1.92	3.36	7 482 584
B32	18	66 062	70.9	150.0	40.5	1 000.0	2.12	3.70	9 909 300
B33	13	26 653	70.9	103.0	40.5	131.0	1.46	2.54	2 745 259
B34	14	51 440	70.9	177.0	40.5	1 000.0	2.50	4.37	9 104 880
B35	10	37 283	70.9	103.0	40.5	136.0	1.45	2.54	3 840 149
B36	1	6 426	70.9	265.0	40.5	265.0	3.73	6.54	1 702 890
B37	2	6 587	70.9	269.0	40.5	309.0	3.80	6.64	1 771 903

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