多源数据三维地质结构模型约束的属性建模方法:以北京市通州城市副中心为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.9.6

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

支持多源异构数据的三维地质建模方法一直是三维地质建模研究的重点和难点之一。本文以北京市通州城市副中心工程地质勘察为例,设计了一种多源数据三维地质模型自动建模方法。该方法首先在数据预处理阶段,利用剖面、地震剖面解译及等值面(线)等数据生成虚拟钻孔,从而将异构的多源数据统一转换成同构的虚拟钻孔数据,然后利用钻孔和虚拟钻孔实现三维地质结构的自动化建模;根据已构建的三维地质结构创建属性模型结构约束,采用六面体网格或四面体的单元结构构建属性模型网格;属性模型网格中的每个属性块通过三维空间插值方法进行属性赋值,然后将属性变化映射为颜色变化,建立了相应的三维地质属性模型,实现了多源数据三维地质结构模型约束的属性建模。该方法已经应用在工程地质勘察和城市地下空间开发等领域,通过使用多源异构的建模数据,使构建的三维地质模型更加完善,有助于三维地质模型的推广和应用。

关键词: 多源数据, 三维地质建模, 属性建模, 虚拟钻孔

Abstract:

Method development supporting multi-source heterogeneous data has always been one of the key and challenging issues in 3D geological modeling. Taking Tongzhou District, Beijing as an example, we designed an automated method of building 3D geological model using multi-source data. Firstly, in the data preprocessing stage, the virtual drilling is generated based on section, seismic section interpretation and isosurface (line) data so as to uniformly convert the heterogeneous multi-source data into isomorphic virtual drilling data, and then a 3D geological structural model is built by automated modeling of 3D geological structure using drilling and virtual drilling data. Secondly, the structural constraints of the attribute model are created based on the 3D geological structural model, and the attribute model grid is constructed using hexahedron or tetrahedron units. Thirdly, each attribute block in the attribute model grid is assigned an attribute value through 3D spatial interpolation. Finally, we map the attribute change onto color change to establish the corresponding attribute model, thus completing attribute modeling constrained by the geological structure model. This method has been used in engineering geological survey and urban underground space development, which contributes to the improvement and application of 3D geological model.

Key words: multi-source data, three-dimensional geological modeling, attribute modeling, virtual drilling

中图分类号:

P642
TU984

薛涛, 包训栓, 朱小弟, 黄骁. 多源数据三维地质结构模型约束的属性建模方法:以北京市通州城市副中心为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(3): 529-536.

XUE Tao, BAO Xunshuan, ZHU Xiaodi, HUANG Xiao. Attribute modeling constrained by multi-source data-based 3D geological structural model: A case study in Tongzhou District, Beijing[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(3): 529-536.

图/表 16

图1 多源数据三维地质结构自动建模流程

Fig.1 Flowchart of automated modeling of 3D geological structure based on multi-source data

图2 地震深度剖面解译图

Fig.2 Geological interpretation of seismic depth section

图3 地震深度剖面解译图中提取的地层数据

Fig.3 Stratigraphic data extracted from interpreted seismic depth section

图4 地震剖面数据生成的虚拟钻孔

Fig.4 Virtual borehole generated from seismic profile data

图5 剖面数据辅助建模效果对比图

Fig.5 Comparison of geological models based on section data alone (a) and with automated modeling (b)

图6 等值面(线)生成的拟合地层面俯视图

Fig.6 Top view of fitting ground level generated by isosurface (line)

图7 等值面(线)建模效果侧面图

Fig.7 Side views showing the isosurface (line) modeling effect

图8 单层三维地质属性模型

Fig.8 Single-layer 3D geological attribute model

图9 水平分层三维地质属性模型

Fig.9 Horizontal-stratified 3D geological attribute model

图10 平均分层三维地质属性模型

Fig.10 Horizontal stratification-averaged 3D geological attribute model

图11 六面体和四面体单元结构的属性模型与地层模型对比图

Fig.11 Comparison of stratigraphic model (middle) with attribute model using hexahedron (left) or tetrahedron (right) grids

图12 通州城市副中心三维地质结构模型三维爆炸显示

Fig.12 Exploded view of 3D geological structural model of Tongzhou

图13 六面体单元结构的单层属性模型(含水率)

Fig.13 Single-layer 3D geological attribute model for water content using hexahedron grid

图14 四面体单元结构的单层属性模型(含水率)

Fig.14 Single-layer 3D geological attribute model for water content using tetrahedron grid

图15 六面体单元结构的分层属性模型(含水率)

Fig.15 Stratified 3D geological attribute model for water content using hexahedron grid

图16 四面体单元结构的分层属性模型(含水率)

Fig.16 Stratified 3D geological attribute model for water content using tetrahedron grid

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