地学前缘 ›› 2010, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (3): 213-221.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

东北平原土壤有机碳分布与变化趋势研究

奚小环,杨忠芳,崔玉军,孙淑梅,于成广,李敏   

  1. 1中国地质调查局, 北京 100037
    2中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
    3黑龙江省地质调查院, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150036
    4吉林省地质调查院, 吉林 长春 130061
    5辽宁省地质调查院, 辽宁 沈阳 110032
  • 收稿日期:2010-05-08 修回日期:2010-05-20 出版日期:2010-05-15 发布日期:2010-05-15
  • 作者简介:奚小环(1949—)，男，教授级高级工程师，地球化学专业，勘查地球化学专业委员会副主任。Email: xxiaohuan@sohu.com
  • 基金资助:

    环境保护部与国土资源部“全国土壤现状调查及污染防治”专题项目

A study of soil carbon distribution and change in Northeast Plain.

  • Received:2010-05-08 Revised:2010-05-20 Online:2010-05-15 Published:2010-05-15

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摘要：

在多目标区域地球化学调查基础上，采用“单位土壤碳量”方法计算土壤碳储量,显示东北平原(约23万km2)土壤有机碳总体分布:表层(0~02 m)土壤有机碳为76807 Mt,碳密度为3 3278 t/km2;中层(0~10 m)为2 97841 Mt,碳密度为12 9047 t/km2;深层(0~18 m)为3 72916 Mt,碳密度为16 1575 t/km2。东北平原土壤碳密度处于全国平均水平。土壤碳密度由东北平原南部(辽宁)、中部(吉林)到北部(黑龙江)从暖温带、温带向寒温带过渡呈现增高趋势,其中表层土壤碳密度由2 2842、3 4367增加到3 8615 t/km2。与第二次土壤普查比较,20年期间东北平原表层土壤有机碳总体减少32059 Mt,占294％,年均减少1603 Mt,年均递减率173％。表层土壤碳密度由南向北依次减少1 0606、1 6464、1 3002 t/km2，平均减少1 3890 t/km2。不同生态系统和土地利用类型土壤有机碳减少程度不同。采用土壤碳密度比方法研究生态系统之间土壤碳密度动态平衡关系，研究土壤有机碳储量及其变化趋势，为进一步探讨土壤有机碳分布分配特征及土壤固碳潜力等提供科学依据。

关键词: 东北平原, 多目标区域地球化学调查, 第二次土壤普查, 土壤有机碳储量, 分布规律, 变化趋势, 土壤碳密度比

Abstract:

By using the USCA (Unit Soil Carbon Amount) method, soil carbon storage in Northeast Plain of 230000 km2 was calculated based on the multipurpose regional geochemical survey. Results show that topsoil (020 cm) organic carbon storage is 76807 Mt with carbon density of 33278 t/km2, subsoil (0100 cm) organic carbon storage is 297841 Mt with carbon density of 129047 t/km2, and deep soil (0180 cm) organic carbon storage is 372916 Mt with carbon density of 161575 t/km2, which stay on the national average level. Soil carbon density increases from southern Northeast Plain (Liaoning Province) of warm temperate climate, to middle Plain of temperate climate and northern Plain of cold temperate climate. Topsoil carbon density increases from 22842, 34367 to 38615 t/km2. In comparison with that carbon data obtained by the Second National Soil Survey, topsoil organic carbon storage has decreased by 32059 Mt (294%) with an annual decrease of 1603 Mt and an annual decreasing rate of 173% Soil carbon density has reduced by 1060.6 t/km2, 1646.4 t/km2 and 1300.2 t/km2 in the south, the central part, and the north, respectively and by 1389.0 t/km2 averagely in the plain. There have also been different decreases in soil carbon density under various ecosystems and landuse types. Soil carbon density ratio has been introduced to study carbon dynamic balance between ecosystems. This research will provide basic knowledge to understand soil carbon distribution and to study the potential for soil carbon sequestration.

Key words:  Northeast Plain, multipurpose regional geochemical survey, the Second National Soil Survey, soil organic carbon storage, distribution rule, changing trend, soil carbon density ratio