地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 511-534.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.1.4-en
WANGChengshan1,2(
), GAOYuan1,2, WANGPujun3, WUHuaichun1,4, LÜQingtian5, ZHUYongyi6, WANXiaoqiao1,2, ZOUChangchun7, HUANGYongjian1,2, GAOYoufeng3, XIDangpeng1,2, WANGWenshi6, HEHuaiyu8, FENGZihui9, YANGGuang10, DENGChenglong8, ZHANGLaiming1,2, WANGTiantian1,11, HUBin1,2, CUILiwei12, PENGCheng7, YUEnxiao13, HUANGHe14, YANGLiu2, WUZhengxuan2
收稿日期:2023-12-10
修回日期:2023-12-29
出版日期:2024-01-25
发布日期:2024-01-25
作者简介:Wang Chengshan(1951—), Male,academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Professor, mainly engaged in research in sedimentology, deep time paleo-climate, and other fields. E-mail: chshwang@cugb.edu.cn
Received:2023-12-10
Revised:2023-12-29
Online:2024-01-25
Published:2024-01-25
摘要：
Over the past century global temperatures continue to rise, and the Earth may enter a greenhouse period in the future with no ice at the poles. The Cretaceous was a typical greenhouse period in deep time, and thus understanding the Cretaceous climate is significant for interpreting past climate changes and predicting future trends. The International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin is the world's first continental scientific drilling project to penetrate the Cretaceous continental strata within the framework of the ICDP. This project is aimed to investigate Cretaceous terrestrial climate and environmental changes, and to explore the mechanisms of massive terrestrial organic matter accumulation and enrichment. Spanning 16 years, this project achieves a continuous and complete 8187-meter core with a recovery rate exceeding 97%, establishes a high-precision chronostratigraphic framework for the Cretaceous continental strata in the Songliao Basin, reconstructs multi-temporal-scale terrestrial climate cycles and climate events during the Cretaceous period, reveals the mechanisms of Cretaceous sea-level fluctuations, and confirms marine incursion events in the Songliao Basin. The International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin has promoted global collaboration among geologists to study Cretaceous greenhouse climates, leading to a series of high-impact research achievements. It has provided crucial scientific support for the sustainable development of oil and gas exploration in the Songliao Basin, and has generated significant social benefits and substantial international and domestic influence. The International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin represents a milestone stage in exploring deep-time Earth, and it is foreseeable that in the future, humans will continue enhancing the understanding of deep-time climate and environmental evolution with the aid of scientific drilling.
WANGChengshan, GAOYuan, WANGPujun, WUHuaichun, LÜQingtian, ZHUYongyi, WANXiaoqiao, ZOUChangchun, HUANGYongjian, GAOYoufeng, XIDangpeng, WANGWenshi, HEHuaiyu, FENGZihui, YANGGuang, DENGChenglong, ZHANGLaiming, WANGTiantian, HUBin, CUILiwei, PENGCheng, YUEnxiao, HUANGHe, YANGLiu, WUZhengxuan. International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin: Terrestrial Geological Records of the Cretaceous Dinosaur Age[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(1): 511-534.
Fig.1 Global distribution of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) sites, after [3,4] World map after http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn
Fig.2 The time span of continuous geological records obtained from the paleoclimate researchprojects of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, after [5]
Fig.3 The history of deep-time and Quaternary climate evolution and prediction of future climate changeDeep time and Quaternary climate record selected from approximately 100 million years ago and the last 800,000 years, respectively. After [8,14]
Fig.4 Global paleogeographic map in Late Cretaceous (a); the locations of the three wells and four drillholes of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin (b)SK-1n: The north borehole of SK-1 well, SK-1s: The south borehole of SK-1 well, SK-2: SK-2 well, SK-3: SK-3 well. The areas of each major continent have been marked, after [24]
Fig.5 Comparison of sedimentation duration of the typical terrestrial sedimentary basins worldwide, after [27]
Fig.6 Profile of the Songliao Basin and the location of the “Three Wells and Four Drillholes” of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin. The profile line is shown in Fig.4b, after [25]
Fig.7 (a) φ 311 mm-core from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin; (b) 40 m-length core obtained in a single barrel
Fig.8 Comparison of core recovery rate and core length obtained from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin with other ICDPprojects, after [4]
Fig.9 Changes in the chronostratigraphic framework of Songliao Basin before and after the implementation of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin In previous achievements, Wang et al. (1995) dated the Quantou and Nenjiang formations using K-Ar[46]; Huang et al. (1999) conducted dating using fission track and K-Ar methods[47]; Sha (2007) performed stratigraphic and isotopic age comparisons between marine and terrestrial deposits[48]. After the implement of Songliao Scientific Drilling, the achievements contains: He et al. (2012) conducted SIMS U-Pb dating for SK-1[41,42]; Deng et al. (2013) performed magnetic stratigraphy analysis for SK-1[45]; Wu et al. (2013, 2014) carried out cyclostratigraphic analysis for SK-1[41,42]; Wang et al. (2016) conducted CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb dating for SK-1[38]; Yu et al. (2019, 2020) conducted SIMS dating for SK-2[49,50]; Liu et al. (2021) performed LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating for Shahezi Formation[40]; Yin et al. (2019) conducted LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating for the basement of SK-2[47].
Fig.10 Climate change at different time scales, after[59]
Fig.11 Paleoclimatic records of the Cretaceous Songliao Basin, after [23,52,60⇓⇓⇓-64] Depositional Environment shorts for “D. E”. Meandering river, Shallow lake, Braided river, Fan delta, Alluvial fan, Shore-shallow lake short for “M.R.”, “S.L.”, “B.R.”, “F.D.”, “A.F.”, “S.S.L.”, respectively.
Fig.12 170-kyr unconventional cycle of the Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin (a)The lithostratigraphic column of the Qingshankou Formation in SK-1s, (b)TOC content, (c)organic carbon isotope curve, (d) MTM spectral analysis of the detrended TOC data series, showing a high-confidence astronomical cycle of approximately 170-kyr. After [58]
Fig.13 Climatic-environmental-biological records of the Songliao Basin before and after the K-Pg boundary, after [62,69,70] (a) Magnetic stratigraphic column; (b) Cyclostratigraphic column (based on Th logging data); (c) Paleosol carbonate δ13C; (d) Paleosol carbonate δ18O; (e) Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA); (f) pCO2; (g) Temperature; (h) Hg concentration; (i) Species
Fig.14 Obliquity-forced aquifer-eustasy during the Late Cretaceous, after [57]
Fig.15 Geochemical and paleontological records of marine incursion events in the Songliao Basin The connection between the bottom of the north borehole and the top of the south borehole of SK-1 caused the abrupt change in well depth in the first and second members of Nenjiang Formation, after [24,79⇓-81]
Fig.16 Comparison of water stratification models between the Western Interior Seaway of the North America and the Songliao Basin, after [24]
Fig.17 Summary of academic papers published since the implementation of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin (a) Pie chart of papers published between 2006 to September 2023 with keyword “Songliao.”(b) Statistics on paper published by Chinese scientists (red bar) and others (blue bar) with keyword “Cretaceous” (top) and keywords “Cretaceous”+“Continental,” according to Web of Science.
| [1] | WANG P X. Seaflooor Observatories: The Third Platform for Earth System Observation[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature, 2007, 29(3):125-131. |
| [2] | ULRICH H, CHRISTIAN K, MARK D Z. Continental scientific drilling: A decade of progress, and challenges for the future[M]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2007: 1-366. |
| [3] | ICDP. ICDP science plan 2020-2030[M]. Germany: International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, 2020: 1-36. |
| [4] | ICDP official website. The international continental scientific drilling program. [2023-12-01]. https://www.icdp-online.org/ |
| [5] | GAO Y, WANG C S, HUANG Y J, et al. Progress in the study of paleoclimate change in continental scientific drilling projects[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2017, 24(1): 1-17. |
| [6] | PAGES IPO. Science and implementation plans: PANASH (Paleoclimates of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres)-the pole-equator-pole transects[M]. Bern, Switzerland: Pages Series, 1995: 1-99. |
| [7] |
KERR R A. How hot will the greenhouse world be?[J]. Science, 2005, 309(5731): 100-100.
PMID |
| [8] | TIERNEY J E, POULSEN C J, MONTANEZ I P, et al. Past climates inform our future[J]. Science, 2020, 370(6517): 1-9. |
| [9] | WANG C S, WANG T T, CHEN X, et al. Paleoclimate implications for future climate change[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2017: 24(1): 1-17. |
| [10] |
HAY W W. Can humans force a return to a ‘Cretaceous’ climate?[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2011, 235(1-2): 5-26.
DOI URL |
| [11] |
FOSTER G L, ROYER D L, LUNT D J. Future climate forcing potentially without precedent in the last 420 million years[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 14845.
DOI PMID |
| [12] |
MCINERNEY F A, WING S L. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: A perturbation of carbon cycle, climate, and biosphere with implications for the future[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2011, 39(1): 489-516.
DOI URL |
| [13] | NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. Understanding Earth's deep past: Lessons for our climate future[M]. Washington D C, USA: The National Academies Press, 2011: 1-177. |
| [14] | IPCC. Climate change 2021: The physical science basis, contribution of working group I to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[M]. Cambridge, UK; New York, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2021: 1-2391. |
| [15] | WANG C S, FENG Z Q, WU H Y, et al. Preliminary Achievement of the Chinese Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling Project-SK-l[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(1): 9-20. |
| [16] |
O’BRIEN C L, ROBINSON S A, PANCOST R D, et al. Cretaceous sea-surface temperature evolution: constraints from tex86 and planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2017, 172: 224-247.
DOI URL |
| [17] | GASKELL D E, HUBER M, O’BRIEN C L, et al. The latitudinal temperature gradient and its climate dependence as inferred from foraminiferal δ18O over the past 95 million years[J]. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022, 119(11): e2111332119. |
| [18] |
WANG Y D, HUANG C M, SUN B N, et al. Paleo-CO2 variation trends and the Cretaceous greenhouse climate[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2014, 129: 136-147.
DOI URL |
| [19] | BICE K L, NORRIS R D. Possible atmospheric CO2 extremes of the Middle Cretaceous (late Albian-Turonian)[J]. Paleoceanography, 2002, 17(4): 1-17. |
| [20] |
MILLER K G, KOMINZ M A, BROWNING J V, et al. The Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change[J]. Science, 2005, 310(5752): 1293-1298.
DOI PMID |
| [21] |
MACLEOD K G, HUBER B T, BERROCOSO Á J, et al. A stable and hot Turonian without glacial δ18O excursions is indicated by exquisitely preserved Tanzanian foraminifera[J]. Geology, 2013, 41(10): 1083-1086.
DOI URL |
| [22] |
ANDO A, HUBER B T, MACLEOD K G, et al. Blake Nose stable isotopic evidence against the mid-Cenomanian glaciation hypothesis[J]. Geology, 2009, 37(5): 451-454.
DOI URL |
| [23] |
WANG C S, SCOTT R W, WAN X Q, et al. Late Cretaceous climate changes recorded in Eastern Asian lacustrine deposits and North American Epieric sea strata[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2013, 126(1): 275-299.
DOI URL |
| [24] |
WANG C S, FENG Z Q, ZHANG L M, et al. Cretaceous paleogeography and paleoclimate and the setting of SKI borehole sites in Songliao Basin, northeast China[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2013, 385: 17-30.
DOI URL |
| [25] |
FENG Z Q, JIA C Z, XIE X N, et al. Tectonostratigraphic units and stratigraphic sequences of the nonmarine Songliao basin, northeast China[J]. Basin Research, 2010, 22(1): 79-95.
DOI URL |
| [26] | WANG P J, ZHAO R L, MENG Q A, et al. The Cretaceous Songliao Basin: Dynamic background from volcanic rift to interior sag basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2015, 22(3): 99-117. |
| [27] | GIERLOWSKI-KORDESCH E H and KELTS K R. Lake basins through space and time[M]. Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2001: 1-636. |
| [28] |
GAO Y, WANG C S, WANG P J, et al. Progress on Continental Scientific Drilling Project of Cretaceous Songliao Basin (SK-1 and SK-2)[J]. Science Bulletin, 2019, 64(2): 73-75.
DOI PMID |
| [29] | WANG C S, FENG Z Q, WANG P J, et al. Initial Report of Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Cretaceous Songliao Basin(SK1)[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2016: 1-752. |
| [30] |
GAO Y F, WANG P J, WANG C S, et al. Well Site Selecting, Core Profile Characteristics and Distribution of the Special Lithology in CCSD-SKⅡ[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008: 82(5): 669-675.
DOI URL |
| [31] | GAO Y F, WANG C S, WANG P J, et al. Well site selecting, core section characteristics and distribution of the special lithological layers in CCSD-SK-Ⅰn borehole, Songliao Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2009, 16(6): 104-112. |
| [32] | WANG P J, LIU H B, REN Y G, et al. How to choose a right drilling site for the ICDP Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling in the Songliao Basin (SK2), Northeast China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2017, 24(1): 216-228. |
| [33] | HOU H C, WANG C S, ZHANG J D, et al. Deep continental scientific drilling engineering in Songliao Basin: Progress in earthscience research[J]. Geology in China, 2018, 45(4): 641-657. |
| [34] |
ZHU Y Y, WANG W S, WU X M, et al. Main technical innovations of Songke Well No.2 Drilling Project[J]. China Geology, 2018, 1(2): 187-201.
DOI URL |
| [35] |
GAO H, WANG P J, GAO Y F, et al. The Upper-Lower Cretaceous boundary in the southern Songliao Basin: A case study of ICDP borehole SK-3[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(3): 425-440
DOI |
| [36] | WANG T T, RAMEZANI J, YANG C, et al. High-resolution geochronology of sedimentary strata by U-Pb CA-ID-TIMS zircon geochronology: A review[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2023, 245. |
| [37] |
KUIPER K F, DEINO A, HILGEN F J, et al. Synchronizing rock clocks of Earth history[J]. Science, 2008, 320: 500-504.
DOI PMID |
| [38] |
WANG T T, RAMEZANI J, WANG C S, et al. High-precision U-Pb geochronologic constraints on the Late Cretaceous terrestrial cyclostratigraphy and geomagnetic polarity from the Songliao Basin, Northeast China[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2016, 446: 37-44.
DOI URL |
| [39] |
WANG T T, WANG C S, RAMEZANI J, et al. High-precision geochronology of the Early Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation and its stratigraphic implications for Songliao Basin, China.[J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 2022, 13(4): 101386.
DOI URL |
| [40] |
LIU H B, WANG P J, GAO Y F, et al. New data from ICDP borehole SK2 and its constraint on the beginning of the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in the Songliao Basin, NE China[J]. Science Bulletin, 2021, 66: 411-413.
DOI PMID |
| [41] |
WU H C, ZHANG S H, JIANG G Q, et al. Astrochronology of the Early Turonian-Early Campanian terrestrial succession in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China and its implication for long-period behavior of the Solar System[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2013, 385: 55-70.
DOI URL |
| [42] |
WU H C, ZHANG S H, HINNOV L A, et al. Cyclostratigraphy and orbital tuning of the terrestrial upper Santonian-Lower Danian in Songliao Basin, northeastern China[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2014, 407: 82-95.
DOI URL |
| [43] | ZHANG S J, WU H C, ZHANG S H, et al. Hierarchical Milankovitch and sub-Milankovitch cycles in the environmental magnetism of the lower Shahezi Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Songliao Basin, northeastern China[J]. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2023, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389feart.2023.1077787. |
| [44] | HE H Y, DENG C L, WANG P J, et al. Toward age determination of the termination of the Cretaceous Normal Superchron[J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2012, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003901. |
| [45] |
DENG C L, HE H Y, PAN Y X, et al. Chronology of the terrestrial Upper Cretaceous in the Songliao Basin, northeast Asia[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2013, 385(1): 44-54.
DOI URL |
| [46] | WANG P J, DU X D, WANG J, et al. The chronostratigraphy and stratigraphic classification of the Cretaceous of the Songliao Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1995, 69(4): 372-381. |
| [47] | HUANG Q H, TAN W, YANG H C. Stratigraphic succession and chronosrata of Cretaceous in Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 1999, 18(6): 15-28. |
| [48] |
SHA J G. Cretaceous stratigraphy of northeast China: non-marine and marine correlation[J]. Cretaceous Research, 2007, 28(2): 146-170.
DOI URL |
| [49] |
YU Z Q, HE H Y, DENG C L, et al. New geochronological constraints for the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin, NE China[J]. Cretaceous Research, 2019, 102: 160-169.
DOI URL |
| [50] |
YU Z Q, HE H Y, DENG C L, et al. New SIMS U-Pb geochronology for the Shahezi Formation from CCSD-SK-IIe borehole in the Songliao Basin, NE China[J]. Science Bulletin, 2020, 65: 1049-1051.
DOI PMID |
| [51] |
YIN Y K, GAO Y F, WANG P J, et al. Discovery of Triassic volcanic-sedimentary strata in the basement of Songliao Basin[J]. Science Bulletin, 2019, 64(10): 644.
DOI PMID |
| [52] |
WANG P J, MATTERN F, DIDENKO N A, et al. Tectonics and cycle system of the Cretaceous Songliao Basin: An inverted active continental margin basin[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2016, 159: 82-102.
DOI URL |
| [53] |
SONG Y, REN J Y, STEPASHKO A A, et al. Post-rift geodynamics of the Songliao Basin, NE China: Origin and significance of T11 (Coniacian) unconformity[J]. Tectonophysics, 2014, 634: 1-18.
DOI URL |
| [54] |
FENG Z Q, GRAHAM S A. From foredeep to orogenic wedge-top: The Cretaceous Songliao retroforeland basin, China[J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 2023, 14(3): 101527.
DOI URL |
| [55] |
WAN X Q, ZHAO J, SCOTT R W, et al. Late Cretaecous stratigraphy, Songliao Basin, NE China: SKI cores[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2013, 385: 31-43.
DOI URL |
| [56] |
WU H C, HINNOV L A, ZHANG S H, et al. Continental geological evidence for Solar System chaotic behavior in the Late Cretaceous[J]. GSA Bulletin, 2022, 135 (3-4): 712-724.
DOI URL |
| [57] |
ZHANG Z F, HUANG Y J, LI M S, et al. Obliquity-forced aquifer-eustasy during the Late Cretaceous greenhouse world[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2022, 596: 117800.
DOI URL |
| [58] |
HUANG H, GAO Y, MA C, et al. Organic carbon burial is paced by a -173-ka obliquity cycle in the middle to high latitudes[J]. Science Advances, 2021, 7(28): eabf9489.
DOI URL |
| [59] |
MITCHELL J M. An overview of climatic variability and its causal mechanisms[J]. Quaternary Research, 1976, 6: 481-493.
DOI URL |
| [60] |
CHAMBERLAIN C P, WAN X Q, GRAHAM S A, et al. Stable isotopic evidence for climate and basin evolution of the Late Cretaceous Songliao basin, China[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2013, 385: 106-124.
DOI URL |
| [61] | GAO R Q. Palynology of Cretaceous Petroleum Strata in the Songliao Basin[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1999: 1-94. |
| [62] |
ZHANG L M, WANG C S, WIGNALL P B, et al. Deccan volcanism caused coupled pCO2 and terrestrial temperature rises, and pre-impact extinctions in northern China[J]. Geology, 2018, 46(3): 271-274.
DOI URL |
| [63] |
IBARRA D E, CHAMBERLAIN C P. Quantifying closed-basin lake temperature and hydrology by inversion of oxygen isotopeand trace element paleoclimate records[J]. American Journal of Science, 2015, 315(9): 781-808.
DOI URL |
| [64] |
FRIEDRICH O, NORRIS R D, ERBACHER J. Evolution of middle to Late Cretaceous oceans: A 55 m.y. record of Earth's temperature and carbon cycle[J]. Geology, 2012, 40(2): 107-110.
DOI URL |
| [65] | KELLER G. Deccan volcanism, the Chicxulub impact, and the end-Cretaceous mass extinction: Coincidence? Cause and effect?[J]. Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 2014, 505: 57-89. |
| [66] |
SCHULTE P, ALEGRET L, ARENILLAS I, et al. The Chicxulub asteroid impact and mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary[J]. Science, 2010, 327(5970): 1214-1218.
DOI PMID |
| [67] |
HULL P M, BORNEMANN A, PENMAN D E, et al. On impact and volcanism across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary[J]. Science, 2020, 367(6475): 266-272.
DOI PMID |
| [68] |
GAO Y, IBARRA D E, WANG C S, et al. Mid-latitude terrestrial climate of East Asia linked to global climate in the Late Cretaceous[J]. Geology, 2015, 43(4): 287-290.
DOI URL |
| [69] |
GAO Y, IBARRA D E, CAVES RUGENSTEIN J K, et al. Terrestrial climate in mid-latitude East Asia from the latest Cretaceous to the earliest Paleogene: A multiproxy record from the Songliao Basin in northeastern China[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2021, 216: 103572.
DOI URL |
| [70] |
SANEI H, GRASBY S E, BEAUCHAMP B. Latest Permian mercury anomalies[J]. Geology, 2012, 40(1): 63-66.
DOI URL |
| [71] |
GU X, ZHANG L M, YIN R S, et al. Deccan volcanic activity and its links to the end-Cretaceous extinction in northern China[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2022, 210: 103772.
DOI URL |
| [72] |
MILLER K G, WRIGHT J D, BROWNING J V. Visions of ice sheets in a greenhouse world[J]. Marine Geology, 2005, 217(3-4): 215-231.
DOI URL |
| [73] |
JACOBS D K, SAHAGIAN D L. Climate-induced fluctuations in sea level during non-glacial times[J]. Nature, 1993, 361(6414): 710-712.
DOI |
| [74] | MICHAEL W, RICHARD L, BENJAMIN S. Eustasy, its controlling factors, and the limno-eustatic hypothesis: Concepts inspired by Eduard Suess[J]. Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2014, 107: 115-131. |
| [75] | ZHANG M M, ZHOU J J. Discovery of the Genus similar to Lycopsid and the origin of the Holostei Superorder in the Songliao Basin: One of the Cretaceous fish fossils in Northeast China[J]. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 1976, 14(3): 146-153. |
| [76] | HUANG F T, CHI Y L, HUANG Q H. The measurements of the dispersion constants of tracers and their interpretation[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1999, 26(3): 104-107. |
| [77] | ZHANG S. Arguments and solutions on the transgression event in the Late Cretaceous of Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2021, 40(3): 1-12. |
| [78] |
XI D P, WAN X Q, FENG Z Q, et al. Discovery of Late Cretaceous foraminifera in the Songliao Basin: Evidence from SK-1and implications for identifying seawater incursions[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011, 56: 253-256.
DOI URL |
| [79] |
HUANG Y J, YANG G S, GU J, et al. Marine incursion events in the Late Cretaceous Songliao Basin: Constraints from sulfur geochemistry records[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2013, 385(1): 152-161.
DOI URL |
| [80] |
HU J F, PENG P A, LIU M Y, et al. Seawater incursion events in a Cretaceous paleo-lake revealed by specific marine biological markers[J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5(1): 9508.
DOI |
| [81] |
XI D P, CAO W X, HUANG Q H, et al. Late Cretaceous marine fossils and seawater incursion events in the Songliao Basin, NE China[J]. Cretaceous Research, 2016, 62: 172-182.
DOI URL |
| [82] |
XU Y L, LI D D, GAO Y, et al. Multiple S-isotopic evidence for seawater incursions during the deposition of the upper Cretaceous source rocks in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China[J]. Chemical Geology, 2023, 642: 121790.
DOI URL |
| [83] |
QIU J. A trip to dinosaur time[J]. Nature, 2010, 467: 150-151.
DOI |
| [84] |
QIU J. Dinosaur climate probed[J]. Science, 2015, 348(6240): 1185-1185.
DOI URL |
| [85] | WANG C S, GAO Y, IBARRA D E, et al. An unbroken record of climate during the age of dinosaurs[J]. EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2021, 102. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021E0158455. |
| No related articles found! |
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||
