东秦岭官坡地区火炎沟伟晶岩型锡铌钽矿床矿物学和年代学特征

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.5.13

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 40-58.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.5.13

• 花岗伟晶岩源区与岩浆过程 • 上一篇下一篇

东秦岭官坡地区火炎沟伟晶岩型锡铌钽矿床矿物学和年代学特征

陈雷¹(), 聂潇²^,³, 刘凯⁴, 庞绪勇¹, 张英利¹

1.中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室, 北京 100037
2.中国地质科学院, 北京 100037
3.中国地质调查局、中国地质科学院地球深部探测中心, 北京 100037
4.西北有色地质勘查局713总队, 陕西商洛 726000

收稿日期:2022-12-02 修回日期:2022-12-30 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-10-20
作者简介:陈雷(1982—),男,博士,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事岩浆热液矿床方面的研究工作。E-mail: chenleihx@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“深地资源勘查开采(2019YFC0605202);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20230564);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20230316);国家自然科学基金项目(41872092);国家自然科学基金项目(41902042)

Mineralogical and chronological characteristics of the Huoyangou pegmatite Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit in Guanpo, eastern Qinling

CHEN Lei¹(), NIE Xiao²^,³, LIU Kai⁴, PANG Xuyong¹, ZHANG Yingli¹

1.MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
2. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
3. China Deep Exploration Center, China Geological Survey & Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
4. No.713 Team of Northwest Mining and Geological Exploration Bureau for Nonferrous Metals, Shangluo 726000, China

Received:2022-12-02 Revised:2022-12-30 Online:2023-09-25 Published:2023-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

东秦岭地区是我国重要的伟晶岩分布区和锂、铍、铌钽、铀成矿区,火炎沟伟晶岩型锡铌钽矿床发育有东秦岭地区独特的锡矿化。文章通过对火炎沟矿床的矿物学、锆石和锡石U-Pb年代学及锆石Hf同位素进行研究,查明火炎沟伟晶岩型锡铌钽矿床中稀有金属赋存状态、形成时代,并探讨含矿伟晶岩与区域内古生代花岗岩之间的成因联系,以期为研究东秦岭伟晶岩型稀有金属成矿特征和成矿机制提供依据。矿物成分显示火炎沟伟晶岩中长石主要是更长石和正长石,云母为富铁黑云母和白云母,磷灰石为氟磷灰石,电气石主要是黑电石气。伟晶岩弱分带性及云母、铌钽铁矿的成分显示相对于东秦岭地区伟晶岩型锂铍矿床,火炎沟伟晶岩具有相对低的分异程度。锆石U-Pb年龄为(424±2.5) Ma,锡石U-Pb年龄为(420.1±2.4) Ma和(420.6±3.2) Ma,显示火炎沟伟晶岩型锡铌钽矿床的成岩、成矿时代是近同期的,为424~420 Ma,与区域内伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床和铀矿床形成时代一致,是东秦岭晚志留世—早泥盆世伟晶岩型稀有金属和铀成矿作用的产物。锆石ε_Hf(t)值为-5.8~-4.16,二阶段模式年龄为2 341~2 194 Ma,显示源区为元古宙的壳源物质,与东秦岭伟晶岩及区域晚志留世过铝质岩浆岩具有相同的源区特征。火炎沟伟晶岩与东秦岭地区古生代灰池子岩体具有较大的源区差异,显示两者可能并无直接成因联系。火炎沟伟晶岩型锡铌钽矿床的发现充实了东秦岭伟晶岩型稀有金属矿化类型,并显示东秦岭地区具有寻找伟晶岩型锡矿的巨大潜力。

关键词: 锆石和锡石U-Pb年龄, 锆石Lu-Hf同位素, 矿物成分, 伟晶岩型锡铌钽矿床, 东秦岭

Abstract:

East Qinling is an important pegmatite mining area and Li-Be-Nb-Ta-U pegmatite belt in China. The mineralization of the Huoyangou Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit is unique to this region. This study investigates the mineralogy, zircon/cassiterite U-Pb geochronology, and Hf isotope of the Huoyangou pegmatite to clarify the rare-metal occurrence in and the formation epoch of the Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit. The genetic relationship between the ore-bearing pegmatites and Paleozoic granites in the region is then discussed to provide a basis for the mineralization of pegmatite-hosted rare metals in East Qinling. The Huoyangou pegmatite is composed of feldspars (mainly oligoclase, orthoclase), micas (mainly Fe-rich biotite, Muscovite), apatite (mainly fluorapatite), and tourmaline (mainly schorlite). The pegmatite is weakly differentiated compared to Li/Be pegmatites in the area, indicated by its weak zonal texture and the composition of micas and columbite-group minerals. The zircon U-Pb age ((424±2.5) Ma) and cassiterite U-Pb ages ((420.1±2.4) Ma and (420.6±3.2) Ma) for the pegmatite indicate its diagenetic and formation age is between 424-420 Ma, which is consistent with the formation age of rare-metal/uranium deposits in East Qinling. The zircon ε_Hf(t) value (-5.8--4.16) and the two-stage model age (2341-2194 Ma) indicate the pegmatite is sourced from Proterozoic crust. This suggests that East Qinling pegmatites are similar to regional Late Silurian peraluminous magmas but different from the Paleozoic Huichizi pluton in terms of their source areas. Therefore, there may be no direct genetic relationship between East Qinling pegmatites and the Huichizi pluton. The Huoyangou Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit enriches the rare-metal mineralization types in East Qinling pegmatites and demonstrates great Sn resource potential in East Qinling.

Key words: zircon/cassiterite U-Pb ages, zircon Lu-Hf isotope, mineral composition, pegmatite Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit, East Qinling

中图分类号:

陈雷, 聂潇, 刘凯, 庞绪勇, 张英利. 东秦岭官坡地区火炎沟伟晶岩型锡铌钽矿床矿物学和年代学特征[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(5): 40-58.

CHEN Lei, NIE Xiao, LIU Kai, PANG Xuyong, ZHANG Yingli. Mineralogical and chronological characteristics of the Huoyangou pegmatite Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit in Guanpo, eastern Qinling[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(5): 40-58.

图/表 19

图1 东秦岭花岗伟晶岩及主要伟晶岩型稀有金属和铀矿床分布图(图据文献[1,33]修改;图中年龄资料引自文献[19,35⇓⇓-38])

Fig.1 Location of East Qinling and distribution of pegmatite dykes and main pegmatite rare-metal and uranium deposits in East Qinling. Modified from [1,33].

图2 火炎沟伟晶岩型锡铌钽矿床地质图(据文献[34]修改)

Fig.2 Geological sketch map of the Huoyangou Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit. Modified after [34].

图3 火炎沟伟晶岩及矿物特征 a—穿插于云母石英片岩中的电气石白云母-钠长石-石英伟晶岩;b—穿插于斜长角闪岩片岩的含电气石钠长石-石英伟晶岩;c—含电气石的白云母-钠长石-石英伟晶岩;d—含电气石的钠长石-石英伟晶岩;e—伟晶岩中的白云母(正交偏光);f—伟晶岩中长石颗粒间隙的黑云母和细小白云母(正交偏光);g—伟晶岩中的白云母和电气石(正交偏光);h—具有环带结构特征的电气石(单偏光);i—伟晶岩中的磷灰石、白云母和钠长石(背散射图像)。Ms—白云母;Bt—黑云母;Tur—电气石;Ap—磷灰石;Ab—钠长石。

Fig.3 Textural patterns and mineral occurrence in the Huoyangou pegmatite

图4 火炎沟伟晶岩中主要金属矿物特征 a—伟晶岩中的锡石和铌铁矿(单偏光);b—伟晶岩中的锡石(背散射图像);c—伟晶岩中共生的铌铁矿和锆石(背散射图像);d—与铌铁矿共生的白钨矿(背散射图像);e—交代电气石的铌铁矿和独居石(背散射图像);f—交代了磷灰石的铌铁矿(背散射图像)。Cst—锡石;Col-Fe—铌铁矿;Zrn—锆石;Sch—白钨矿;Tur—电气石;Ap—磷灰石;Mnz—独居石。

Fig.4 Main metallic minerals in the Huoyangou pegmatite

表1 火炎沟伟晶岩代表性长石部分电子探针测试数据

Table 1 Representative results of electron microprobe analysis of feldspars from the Huoyangou pegmatite

图5 火炎沟伟晶岩中长石的Or-Ab-An三角投图

Fig.5 Or-Ab-An ternary classification diagram of feldspars, showing the chemical variability of feldspar minerals in the Huoyangou pegmatite

表2 火炎沟伟晶岩代表性云母的电子探针测试数据

Table 2 RepresentativeEMP analysis results for micas from the Huoyangou pegmatite

图6 火炎沟伟晶岩中脉云母矿物分类简图(a)和白云母—含锂白云母—锂云母的替代机制图(b)(a图的底图引自文献[41];b图据文献[42])

Fig.6 Classification (a, base map after [41]) and substitution (b, modified from [42]) diagrams of micas from the Huoyangou pegmatite

表3 火炎沟伟晶岩代表性磷灰石电子探针测试数据

Table 3 Representative EMP analysis results for apatite from the Huoyangou pegmatite

样品来源	w_B/%								原子数
样品来源	P₂O₅	CaO	Al₂O₃	FeO	Na₂O	F	F=-O	总量	P	Ca	Al	Fe	Na	F
钠长石- 石英伟晶岩	42.37	54.63	0.00	0.08	0.04	2.19	0.92	100.23	6.02	10.49	0.00	0.01	0.01	1.22
	42.13	55.49	0.01	0.00	0.07	2.26	0.95	100.91	6.28	10.47	0.00	0.00	0.02	1.26
	40.17	55.16	0.02	0.02	0.04	3.34	1.40	100.15	5.99	10.48	0.00	0.00	0.02	1.86
	42.41	54.64	0.00	0.04	0.04	1.93	0.81	99.87	6.32	10.49	0.00	0.01	0.01	1.08
白云母-钠长石- 石英伟晶岩	42.07	55.58	0.02	0.03	0.08	3.60	1.52	99.86	5.99	10.01	0.00	0.00	0.03	1.91
	42.14	54.9	0.02	0.05	0.04	3.66	1.54	99.27	6.02	9.93	0.00	0.01	0.01	1.95
	41.96	55.02	0.02	0.04	0.00	3.34	1.41	98.97	6.01	9.97	0.00	0.01	0.00	1.79
	42.33	54.99	0.00	0.02	0.00	3.61	1.52	99.43	6.03	9.92	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.92
	41.92	54.88	0.02	0.12	0.00	3.66	1.54	99.10	6.01	9.95	0.00	0.02	0.00	1.96
	41.85	55.88	0.03	0.10	0.06	3.64	1.53	100.07	5.96	10.07	0.01	0.01	0.02	1.94
	41.78	55.26	0.00	0.13	0.09	3.40	1.43	99.23	5.98	10.01	0.00	0.02	0.03	1.82
	41.62	55.32	0.05	0.1	0.05	3.58	1.51	99.21	5.97	10.04	0.01	0.01	0.02	1.92
	42.32	54.93	0.03	0.11	0.06	3.51	1.48	99.48	6.03	9.90	0.01	0.02	0.02	1.87
	42.14	55.67	0.02	0.07	0.00	3.67	1.55	100.02	5.99	10.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	1.95

表4 火炎沟伟晶岩代表性电气石探针测试数据

Table 4 Representative EMP analysis results for tourmalir ne from the Huoyangou pegmatite

图7 电气石中阳离子占位及元素置换趋势图解 a—(Na+K)-Ca- X□图(底图引自文献[44]);b—Mg-Al-Fe图解(底图引自文献[45]),图中1、2区分别代表富Li和贫Li的花岗岩和伟晶岩、细晶岩,3区为富Fe3+的石英-电气石岩(热液蚀变花岗岩),4、5区分别代表Al饱和矿物相和不含Al饱和矿物相的变泥质岩和变砂屑岩,6区代表富Fe3+的石英-电气石岩、钙质硅酸岩和变泥质岩,7区代表贫Ca变质超镁铁岩和富Cr、V的变质沉积岩,8区代表变质碳酸盐和变质辉石岩;c—Fe/(Fe+Mg)-X□/(Na+K+X□)图解(底图引自文献[44]);d—电气石Y位置Mg-Fe置换图解;e—X位置X□-全Al;f—总Fe-总Al;g—总Fe-X位置X□;h—Na-X位置X□。□代表晶体空位。

Fig.7 Classification diagram of tourmaline (a, b) and major elements substitution trends (c-h)

表5 火炎沟伟晶岩代表性铌钽铁矿和钨铌铁矿探针测试数据

Table 5 Representative EMPanalysis results for columbite-tantalite and wolframixiolite from the Huoyangou pegmatite

图8 铌铁矿族矿物图解

Fig.8 Classification diagram showing the mineral chemistry of columbite-group minerals from the Huoyangou pegmatite

表6 火炎沟伟晶岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测试结果

Table 6 Results of LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons from the Huoyangou pegmatite

图9 火炎沟伟晶岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄图

Fig.9 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons from the Huoyangou pegmatite

表7 火炎沟伟晶岩LA-ICP-MS 锡石 U-Pb测试结果

Table 7 Results of LA-ICP-MSU-Pb dating of cassiter ite from the Huoyangou pegmatite

图10 火炎沟伟晶岩锡石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄图

Fig.10 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of cassiterite from the Huoyangou pegmatite

表8 火炎沟伟晶岩锆石 Hf同位素:组成

Table 8 Results of Hf isotopic analysis of zircons from t the Huoyangou pegmatite

图11 火炎沟伟晶岩Hf同位素组成 (漂池、枣园和灰池子岩体的Hf同位素数据引自文献[36⇓-38];太华群、宽坪群、秦岭群、陡岭群、武关群、二郎坪群和陶湾群的Hf同位素数据引自文献[65-66])

Fig.11 Hf isotopic composition of zircons across the East Qinling area

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东秦岭官坡地区火炎沟伟晶岩型锡铌钽矿床矿物学和年代学特征

Mineralogical and chronological characteristics of the Huoyangou pegmatite Sn(Nb-Ta) deposit in Guanpo, eastern Qinling

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