滇东北地区下寒武统龙王庙组白云石化模式研究:来自钙同位素模拟结果

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.87

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 313-326.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.87

滇东北地区下寒武统龙王庙组白云石化模式研究:来自钙同位素模拟结果

李柯然¹^,²(), 杨迪¹^,^*(), 宋金民¹^,², 李智武¹, 金鑫¹^,², 刘芳³, 杨雄³, 刘树根⁴, 叶玥豪¹^,², 范建平¹^,², 任佳鑫¹^,², 赵玲丽¹^,², 夏舜¹^,², 陈伟¹^,²

1.成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室, 四川成都 610059
2.成都理工大学能源学院, 四川成都 610059
3.成都理工大学地球与行星科学学院, 四川成都 610059
4.西华大学, 四川成都 610039

收稿日期:2022-07-05 修回日期:2023-04-14 出版日期:2024-03-25 发布日期:2024-04-18
通讯作者: *杨迪(1983—),女,博士,讲师,主要从事地球化学研究工作。E-mail: 185672735@qq.com
作者简介:李柯然(1998—),男,硕士研究生,地质资源与地质工程专业。E-mail: keranli98@outlook.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41872150);国家自然科学基金重点项目(42230310)

Dolomitization in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in northeastern Yunnan: Insights from a simulation study

LI Keran¹^,²(), YANG Di¹^,^*(), SONG Jinmin¹^,², LI Zhiwu¹, JIN Xin¹^,², LIU Fang³, YANG Xiong³, LIU Shugen⁴, YE Yuehao¹^,², FAN Jianping¹^,², REN Jiaxin¹^,², ZHAO Lingli¹^,², XIA Shun¹^,², CHEN Wei¹^,²

1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2. College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
3. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
4. Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China

Received:2022-07-05 Revised:2023-04-14 Online:2024-03-25 Published:2024-04-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

滇东北地区桧溪剖面位于四川盆地南缘外侧,剖面龙王庙组地层白云石化活动强烈,广泛发育泥晶灰岩、砂屑灰岩、泥晶白云岩、云质灰岩和灰质云岩等岩性。剖面3个灰岩-过渡岩性-白云岩旋回中具有混积特征,石英颗粒大量发育。阴极发光下,3个岩性旋回主要呈暗红色,可见石膏。地球化学测试显示:旋回1中灰岩-白云岩碳同位素为-0.78‰~-0.49‰,氧同位素为-9.28‰~-8.96‰,锶同位素为0.709 795 54~0.712 183 18,钙同位素为0.54‰~1.12‰;旋回2中灰岩-白云岩碳同位素为0.37‰~0.41‰,氧同位素为-9.76‰~-9.64‰,锶同位素为0.710 087 11~0.713 741 67,钙同位素为0.63‰~0.81‰;旋回3中灰岩-白云岩碳同位素为-0.03‰~0.23‰,氧同位素为-9.90‰~-9.24‰,锶同位素为0.709 909 34~0.712 376 17,钙同位素为0.56‰~0.94‰;3个旋回中灰岩锶、钙同位素测试结果明显偏低,白云岩锶、钙结果明显偏高。钙同位素对流、缓冲模型模拟结果显示,旋回1白云石化流体Mg²⁺浓度为2倍海水当量(105.64 mmol/kg,Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺=1.99),旋回2白云石化流体Mg²⁺浓度为7倍海水当量(369.74 mmol/kg,Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺=6.79),旋回3白云石化流体Mg²⁺浓度为2.3倍海水当量(121.48 mmol/kg,Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺=2.29)。温度模拟显示,白云石化流体温度主要为30 ℃。综合岩石学、常规地球化学及钙同位素模拟结果,滇东北地区龙王庙组白云岩为渗透回流模式成因。

关键词: 滇东北地区, 龙王庙组, 白云石化, 钙同位素, 流体温度模拟, 流体元素模拟

Abstract:

The Guixi outcrop is located at the southernmost margin of the Sichuan Basin, northeastern Yunnan. The Longwangmiao Formation in the outcrop experienced strong dolomitization activity and developed widespread micritic limestone, arenaceous limestone, micritic dolomite, dolomitic limestone and calcareous dolomite. The three limestone-transition-dolomite cycles in the outcrop were characterized by presence of large quartz grains, and appeared mostly dark red under cathodoluminescence, with observable gypsum. Geochemical tests showed that the isotopic compositions of limestone-dolomite in cycle 1 were: carbon, -0.78‰--0.49‰, oxygen, -9.28‰--8.96‰, strontium, 0.70979554-0.71218318, calcium, 0.54‰-1.12‰; in cycle 2: carbon, 0.37‰-0.41‰, oxygen, -9.76‰-9.64‰, strontium, 0.71008711-0.71374167, calcium, 0.63‰-0.81‰; and in cycle 3: carbon, -0.03‰-0.23‰, oxygen, -9.90‰--9.24‰, strontium, 0.70990934-0.71237617, calcium, 0.56‰-0.94‰. The strontium and calcium isotope values were obvious low in limestone and high in dolomite. Calcium isotope simulation revealed the Mg²⁺ concentration in dolomitized fluid in cycle 1 was twice the seawater equivalent (105.64 mmol/kg, Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ = 1.99), in cycle 2 seven times (369.74 mmol/kg, Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ = 6.79), and in cycle 3 2.3 times (121.48 mmol/kg, Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ = 2.29). Temperature simulation revealed the temperature of dolomitization fluid was around 30 ℃. The above results indicate dolomitization in the Longwangmiao Formation in northeastern Yunnan was mainly by seepage reflux.

Key words: Northeast Yunnan, Longwangmiao Formation, dolomitization, calcium isotope, fluid temperature simulation, fluid element simulation

中图分类号:

李柯然, 杨迪, 宋金民, 李智武, 金鑫, 刘芳, 杨雄, 刘树根, 叶玥豪, 范建平, 任佳鑫, 赵玲丽, 夏舜, 陈伟. 滇东北地区下寒武统龙王庙组白云石化模式研究:来自钙同位素模拟结果[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(2): 313-326.

LI Keran, YANG Di, SONG Jinmin, LI Zhiwu, JIN Xin, LIU Fang, YANG Xiong, LIU Shugen, YE Yuehao, FAN Jianping, REN Jiaxin, ZHAO Lingli, XIA Shun, CHEN Wei. Dolomitization in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in northeastern Yunnan: Insights from a simulation study[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(2): 313-326.

图/表 11

图1 龙王庙组沉积期古地理、研究区地层及地层综合柱状图 a—龙王庙组沉积古地理图(据文献[48]);b—研究区地层分布图;c—桧溪剖面龙王庙组地层综合柱状图。

Fig.1 The paleogeography, reginal geology and stratigraphy column of Guixi outcrop. (a) Paleogeography map of the Longwangmiao depositing period (adapted from [48]); (b) Distribution map of the research area; (c) The stratigraphy column of Longwangmiao Formation in the Guixi outcrop.

图2 桧溪剖面龙王庙组取样岩性及碳、氧、锶、钙同位素柱状图

Fig.2 Three limestone-trasition-dolostone cycles from Longwangmiao Formation and results of δ87/86Sr, δ44/40Ca, δ18O and δ13C

图3 桧溪剖面龙王庙组灰岩-白云岩旋回1镜下特征 a— hx-3-1B,粉屑泥晶灰岩,单偏光; b—hx-3-1B,粉屑泥晶灰岩,阴极发光; c—hx-4-1B-9,泥晶灰岩,单偏光; d—hx-4-1B,泥晶灰岩,阴极发光; e—hx-4-1B,含灰白云岩,单偏光; f—hx-4-1B,含灰白云岩,单偏光; g—hx-4-2B,泥晶白云岩,单偏光; h—hx-4-2B,泥晶白云岩,单偏光; i—hx-4-2B,泥晶白云岩,阴极发光。

Fig.3 Microscopic and cathodoluminescence analysis of cycle 1, Longwangmiao Formation, Guixi outcrop

图4 桧溪剖面龙王庙组灰岩-白云岩旋回2镜下特征 a—hx-5-1B,泥晶灰岩,单偏光; b—hx-5-1B,泥晶灰岩,阴极发光; c—hx-5-2B,灰质云岩,单偏光; d—hx-5-2B,灰质云岩,阴极发光; e—hx-6-1B,泥晶白云岩,单偏光; f—hx-6-1B,泥晶白云岩,阴极发光; g—hx-6-1B,微晶白云岩,单偏光; h—hx-6-1B,微晶白云岩,正交偏光; i—hx-6-1B,微晶白云岩,阴极发光。

Fig.4 Microscopic and cathodoluminescence analysis of cycle 2, Longwangmiao Formation, Guixi outcrop

图5 桧溪剖面龙王庙组灰岩-白云岩旋回3镜下特征 a—hx-6-2B,泥晶灰岩,单偏光; b—hx-6-2B,泥晶灰岩,阴极发光; c—hx-4-1B-9,泥晶灰岩,单偏光; d—hx-4-1B,泥晶灰岩,阴极发光; e—hx-4-1B,含灰白云岩,单偏光; f—hx-4-1B,含灰白云岩,单偏光; g—hx-4-2B,泥晶白云岩,单偏光; h—hx-4-2B,泥晶白云岩,单偏光; i—hx-4-2B,泥晶白云岩,阴极发光。

Fig.5 Microscopic and cathodoluminescence analysis of cycle 3, Longwangmiao Formation, Guixi section

表1 桧溪剖面不同旋回CaO、MgO测试结果

Table 1 Results of CaO and MgO contents from different sequences in the Guixi section

样品号	岩性	旋回	w_B/%
样品号	岩性	旋回	CaO	MgO
hx-3-1B	粉屑泥晶灰岩	1	50.40	3.32
hx-3-2B	粉屑泥晶灰岩		52.83	2.92
hx-4-1B	含灰白云岩		38.27	17.26
hx-4-2B	泥晶-粉晶白云岩		32.43	21.34
hx-5-1B	微晶灰岩	2	51.12	2.54
hx-5-2B	灰质云岩		41.87	9.23
hx-6-1B	泥晶白云岩		31.54	20.03
hx-6-2B	含砂屑泥晶灰岩	3	49.24	3.93
hx-6-3B	白云质灰岩		45.23	10.55
hx-6-4B	泥-粉晶白云岩		30.62	22.63
hx-6-5B	泥-粉晶灰岩		51.27	1.21

表2 桧溪剖面不同旋回同位素地球化学测试结果

Table 2 Isotopic results from different sequences in the Guixi section

样品号	岩性	旋回	δ¹³C/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	δ^44/40Ca/‰	Z
hx-3-1B	粉屑泥晶灰岩	1	-0.49	-8.96	0.709 486 69	0.56±0.038	121.83
hx-3-2B	粉屑泥晶灰岩		-0.78	-9.51	0.709 795 54	0.54±0.098	120.96
hx-4-1B	含灰白云岩		-0.54	-8.82	0.713 720 45	0.92±0.072	121.80
hx-4-2B	泥晶-粉晶白云岩		-0.64	-9.28	0.712 183 18	1.12±0.105	121.36
hx-5-1B	微晶灰岩	2	0.412	-9.765	0.710 087 11	0.63±0.053	123.27
hx-5-2B	灰质云岩		0.33	-8.79	0.709 236 59	0.77±0.067	123.59
hx-6-1B	泥晶白云岩		0.37	-9.46	0.713 741 67	0.81±0.075	123.34
hx-6-2B	含砂屑泥晶灰岩	3	-0.03	-9.9	0.709 909 34	0.56±0.093	122.30
hx-6-3B	白云质灰岩		-0.04	-8.69	0.712 437 24	0.47±0.041	122.89
hx-6-4B	泥-粉晶白云岩		0.23	-9.245	0.712 376 17	0.94±0.042	123.16
hx-6-5B	泥-粉晶灰岩		-0.68	-9.55	0.710 639 33	0.59±0.088	121.15

图6 桧溪剖面龙王庙组灰岩-白云岩CaO-MgO、δ13C-δ18O交汇图 a—桧溪剖面龙王庙组灰岩-白云岩CaO-MgO图(交代线数据来自文献[5],R2由数据点与交代线计算);b—桧溪剖面龙王庙组灰岩-白云岩δ13C-δ18O图(古海水数据来自文献[60])。

Fig.6 Cross-plots of CaO-MgO and δ13C-δ18O from three cycles, Longwangmiao Formation, Guixi section. (a) Cross-plots of CaO-MgO ; (b) Cross-plots of δ13C-δ18O.

表3 温度结果

Table 3 Results of temperature simulation

样品号		1 000lnδ^44/40Ca_{calcite-dolomite}/‰	Mg/(Mg+Ca)	温度/℃
hx-3-1B	粉屑泥晶灰岩	-0.34	0.06	56.09
hx-3-2B	粉屑泥晶灰岩	-0.36	0.05	61.59
hx-4-1B	含灰白云岩	0.02	0.29	36.71
hx-4-2B	泥晶-粉晶白云岩	0.22	0.37	29.76
hx-5-1B	微晶灰岩	-0.27	0.04	57.35
hx-5-2B	灰质云岩	-0.13	0.07	49.98
hx-6-1B	泥晶白云岩	-0.09	0.07	35.52
hx-6-2B	含砂屑泥晶灰岩	-0.34	0.03	59.40
hx-6-3B	白云质灰岩	-0.2	0.17	34.52
hx-6-4B	泥-粉晶白云岩	0.04	0.34	37.78
hx-6-5B	泥-粉晶灰岩	-0.31	0.02	49.78

图7 桧溪剖面龙王庙组灰岩-白云岩钙同位素温度模拟结果 a—根据第一性原理计算的δ44/40Ca-温度交汇图(拟合数据来自文献[72],原模型中白云石、方解石Ca-O键长、Mg-O键长数据分别来自文献[74-75],模型由Diamond®读取);b—δ44/40Ca-温度-Mg/(Mg+Ca)交汇图。

Fig.7 Temperature simulation by calcium isotope of limestone and dolostone from Longwangmiao Formation, Guixi section.

图8 桧溪剖面龙王庙组海水流体模拟结果 a—旋回1模拟结果;b—旋回2模拟结果;c—旋回3模拟结果。

Fig.8 Results of fluid/sediments buffer models by calcium isotope, Longwangmiao Formation, Guixi section.

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滇东北地区下寒武统龙王庙组白云石化模式研究:来自钙同位素模拟结果

Dolomitization in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in northeastern Yunnan: Insights from a simulation study

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