个旧老厂Sn-Cu矿床内外接触带矿体原生晕分带与深部矿体预测模型

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.1.8

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

矿床的原生晕通常形成在矿体周围,与蚀变矿物和矿石矿物同时形成。矿床原生晕的分带规律能够提供较为准确的找矿目标。一些金属矿床的原生晕具有示踪隐伏矿体的作用,从而为探测深埋矿体提供了重要的线索。老厂大型锡多金属矿床是个旧巨型锡多金属矿床的重要组成部分,以广泛发育夕卡岩化矿化为其特征。根据其空间分布夕卡岩矿化可分为两类:内夕卡岩矿化和外夕卡岩矿化。前者发生在侵入体内蚀变带,后者主要形成于侵入体附近的蚀变碳酸盐岩中。它们在地球化学特征上有以下异同:(1)内夕卡岩和外夕卡岩矿体的轴向分带序列(从矿体的头部到尾部)分别为Ag-As-Bi-Cu-F-Pb-Sn-Zn-B→Ba-Co-Cr-Ni-Sb-V→Be-Mo-W和F-B-Ba-W→Cu-Sb-Be-Cr→Sn-Pb-Zn-Ni-Ag→Co-Mo-Bi-As。这表明异常元素的种类具有高度一致性,但轴向分带序列存在很大差异。(2)统计分析表明内夕卡岩矿化具有三种主要成矿元素组合:(a)As-B-Be-Co-Sn组合代表发育在花岗岩内蚀变带的云英岩化有关的锡石-硫化物-电气石蚀变矿化组合;(b)Mo-W代表与高温夕卡岩化相关的辉钼矿-白钨矿矿化组合;(c)Ag-Pb-Cu-Zn代表后期叠加于内蚀变带角银矿-方铅矿-闪锌矿-黄铜矿矿化组合。(3)外夕卡岩矿化也具有三种主要成矿元素组合:(a)Ag-Bi-Sn-Cu代表发育在外夕卡岩带角银矿-辉铋矿-黄锡矿(锡石)-黄铜矿中低温矿化组合;(b)As-Zn-Pb代表发育在外夕卡岩带毒砂-闪锌矿-方铅矿中温硫化物组合;(c)F-Be-W-Mo代表靠近侵入体一侧萤石-绿柱石-白钨矿-辉钼矿高温矿化组合。上述表明矿化具有多期多阶段特点。最后,在原生晕轴向分带序列的基础上,分别建立了内、外夕卡岩带深部矿体预测模型,为深部成矿预测提供强有力工具。

关键词: 探途元素, 原生晕分带, 深部矿体预测模型, 个旧矿田, 中国西南

Abstract:

The primary haloes of mineral deposits occur as envelopes around individual mineral deposits and are usually contemporaneous with mineral alteration and deposition. Zonation of primary haloes of mineral deposits is quite predictable and explicable, thus it generally provides better ore prospecting targets. Besides, primary haloes of some metal deposits may provide important insight for targeting deeply buried orebodies. The Laochang Sn-polymetallic deposit is an important member of the Gejiu giant (Sn-Cu) polymetallic deposit characterized by skarnized mineralization. The skarnized mineralization can be subdivided into endoskarn and exoskarn mineralization types based on the spatial distribution patterns. The former occurs in the inner altered intrusion zone while the latter mainly in carbonate rocks near intrusions. They have the following geochemical similarities and differences: (1) The axial zoning sequences of endoskarn and exoskarn orebodies are (from head to tail) Ag-As-Bi-Cu-F-Pb-Sn-Zn-B → Ba-Co-Cr-Ni-Sb-V → Be-Mo-W and F-B-Ba-W → Cu-Sb-Be-Cr → Sn-Pb-Zn-Ni-Ag → Co-Mo-Bi-As, respectively, indicating consistency in anomaly element but not in axial zoning sequence. (2) In endoskarn mineralization, there are three ore-forming element associations: (a) As-B-Be-Co-Sn, representing greisenized cassiterite-sulfide-tourmaline mineralization; (b) Ag-Pb-Cu-Zn, representing kerargyrite-galena-sphalerite-chalcopyrite mineralization; and (c) Mo-W, representing skarnized molybdenite-scheelite mineralization. (3) In exoskarn mineralization, there are also three ore-forming element associations: (a) Ag-Bi-Sn-Cu, representing kerargyrite-bismuthinite-stannite(cassiterite)-chalcopyrite mineralization; (b) As-Zn-Pb, representing skarnized arsenopyrite-galena-sphalerite mineralization; and (c) F-Be-W-Mo, representing greisenized fluorite-beryl-scheelite-molybdenite mineralization. The above ore-forming element associations indicate skarn mineralization involves multistage processes. Finally, on the basis of primary halo axial zoning sequence, the prediction patterns of deep orebodies in endoskarn and exoskarn zones are established, thereby providing a powerful tool for the prediction of concealed orebodies.

Key words: pathfinder elements, primary halo zonation, prediction pattern of deep orebodies, Gejiu ore field, SW China

中图分类号:

P618.2

朱旭, 杨融, 陈永清, 王连月, 李刚. 个旧老厂Sn-Cu矿床内外接触带矿体原生晕分带与深部矿体预测模型[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(3): 112-127.

ZHU Xu, YANG Rong, CHEN Yongqing, WANG Lianyue, LI Gang. Primary halo zonation in and a deep orebody prediction model for the inner-outer contact zone of the Laochang Sn-Cu deposit in Gejiu[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(3): 112-127.

图/表 15

参考文献 36

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参数	各元素相关参数值
参数	Ag	As	B	Be	Ba	Bi	Co	Cr	Cu
Min	0.02	0.90	0.70	0.10	6.00	0.30	1.00	16.00	8.00
Max	251	48 798	7 290	732	232	20 460	208	72	85 630
$\bar{X}$	0.06	6.80	30.45	9.64	57.32	1.18	1.73	21.65	18.40
S	0.02	4.16	24.96	5.90	21.74	0.61	0.66	1.38	8.73
C_a	0.10	15.13	80.36	21.43	100.79	2.41	3.05	24.42	35.86
aC_a	0.31	30.25	160.73	42.87	201.58	4.81	6.10	48.83	71.73
a²C_a	0.92	60.51	321.45	85.74	403.17	9.63	12.20	97.67	143.45
参数	各元素相关参数值
参数	F	Mo	Ni	Pb	Sb	Sn	V	W	Zn
Min	0.03	0.20	2.00	3.00	0.10	0.40	2.00	1.00	8.00
Max	9.92	118	40	855	124	91 830	148	5 330	2 965
$\bar{X}$	0.15	0.79	3.79	17.04	0.59	7.75	6.96	9.68	24.86
S	0.07	0.31	1.24	14.17	0.32	7.65	1.61	6.31	6.89
C_a	0.29	1.41	6.27	45.38	1.23	23.06	10.17	22.31	38.63
aC_a	0.58	2.82	12.55	90.76	2.45	46.11	20.34	44.62	77.26
a²C_a	1.16	5.64	25.10	181.52	4.90	92.22	40.69	89.25	154.52

参数	各元素相关参数值
参数	Ag	As	B	Be	Ba	Bi	Co	Cr	Cu
Min	0.02	0.90	0.70	0.10	6.00	0.30	1.00	16.00	8.00
Max	251	48 798	7 290	732	232	20 460	208	72	85 630
$\bar{X}$	0.06	6.80	30.45	9.64	57.32	1.18	1.73	21.65	18.40
S	0.02	4.16	24.96	5.90	21.74	0.61	0.66	1.38	8.73
C_a	0.10	15.13	80.36	21.43	100.79	2.41	3.05	24.42	35.86
aC_a	0.31	30.25	160.73	42.87	201.58	4.81	6.10	48.83	71.73
a²C_a	0.92	60.51	321.45	85.74	403.17	9.63	12.20	97.67	143.45
参数	各元素相关参数值
参数	F	Mo	Ni	Pb	Sb	Sn	V	W	Zn
Min	0.03	0.20	2.00	3.00	0.10	0.40	2.00	1.00	8.00
Max	9.92	118	40	855	124	91 830	148	5 330	2 965
$\bar{X}$	0.15	0.79	3.79	17.04	0.59	7.75	6.96	9.68	24.86
S	0.07	0.31	1.24	14.17	0.32	7.65	1.61	6.31	6.89
C_a	0.29	1.41	6.27	45.38	1.23	23.06	10.17	22.31	38.63
aC_a	0.58	2.82	12.55	90.76	2.45	46.11	20.34	44.62	77.26
a²C_a	1.16	5.64	25.10	181.52	4.90	92.22	40.69	89.25	154.52

元素	标准化系数	标准化线金属量/(10^-6·m)				分带指数/10^-2
元素	标准化系数	ZK10225	ZK10208	ZK10207	ZK10209	ZK10225	ZK10208	ZK10207	ZK10209
Ag	10³	515 651	101 445	22 605	28 972	7.8	3.42	0.65	1.25
As	10	579 028	178 095	19 146	78 741	8.76	6.01	0.55	3.41
B	10²	519 425	493 655	118 375	154 040	7.86	16.63	3.42	6.67
Be	10³	622 635	124 240	245 700	483 195	9.42	4.19	7.09	20.92
Ba	10²	47 685	37 645	109 025	13 180	0.72	1.27	3.15	0.57
Bi	10²	373 017	4 956	40 659	27 881	5.64	0.17	1.17	1.21
Co	10³	249 850	141 500	164 250	58 880	3.78	4.78	7.74	2.55
Cr	10³	47 250	223 300	454 550	27 000	0.72	7.54	13.11	1.17
Cu	1	195 722	33 809	17 568	23 884	2.96	1.14	0.51	1.03
F	10⁴	254 335	57 330	45 760	51 021	3.85	1.94	1.32	2.21
Mo	10⁴	272 700	29 300	277 100	774 430	4.13	0.99	7.99	33.53
Ni	10³	134 250	493 500	628 400	55 060	2.03	16.66	18.13	2.38
Pb	10²	221 965	2 450	6 300	4 600	3.36	0.08	0.18	0.21
Sb	10³	131 305	54 130	85 190	36 177	1.99	1.83	2.46	1.57
Sn	10	271 002	111 230	13 218	8 661	4.10	3.75	0.38	0.38
V	10³	389 850	445 750	767 800	29 500	5.90	15.05	22.15	1.28
W	10²	973 494	308 346	366 719	392 462	14.73	1.41	10.58	16.99
Zn	10²	807 705	121 770	83 680	61 752	12.23	4.11	2.41	2.67
∑		6 606 869	2 962 451	3 466 045	2 309 436

元素	标准化系数	标准化线金属量/(10^-6·m)				分带指数/10^-2
元素	标准化系数	ZK10225	ZK10208	ZK10207	ZK10209	ZK10225	ZK10208	ZK10207	ZK10209
Ag	10³	515 651	101 445	22 605	28 972	7.8	3.42	0.65	1.25
As	10	579 028	178 095	19 146	78 741	8.76	6.01	0.55	3.41
B	10²	519 425	493 655	118 375	154 040	7.86	16.63	3.42	6.67
Be	10³	622 635	124 240	245 700	483 195	9.42	4.19	7.09	20.92
Ba	10²	47 685	37 645	109 025	13 180	0.72	1.27	3.15	0.57
Bi	10²	373 017	4 956	40 659	27 881	5.64	0.17	1.17	1.21
Co	10³	249 850	141 500	164 250	58 880	3.78	4.78	7.74	2.55
Cr	10³	47 250	223 300	454 550	27 000	0.72	7.54	13.11	1.17
Cu	1	195 722	33 809	17 568	23 884	2.96	1.14	0.51	1.03
F	10⁴	254 335	57 330	45 760	51 021	3.85	1.94	1.32	2.21
Mo	10⁴	272 700	29 300	277 100	774 430	4.13	0.99	7.99	33.53
Ni	10³	134 250	493 500	628 400	55 060	2.03	16.66	18.13	2.38
Pb	10²	221 965	2 450	6 300	4 600	3.36	0.08	0.18	0.21
Sb	10³	131 305	54 130	85 190	36 177	1.99	1.83	2.46	1.57
Sn	10	271 002	111 230	13 218	8 661	4.10	3.75	0.38	0.38
V	10³	389 850	445 750	767 800	29 500	5.90	15.05	22.15	1.28
W	10²	973 494	308 346	366 719	392 462	14.73	1.41	10.58	16.99
Zn	10²	807 705	121 770	83 680	61 752	12.23	4.11	2.41	2.67
∑		6 606 869	2 962 451	3 466 045	2 309 436

元素	各因子载荷
元素	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
Ag	0.11	0.94	0.00	0.22	-0.01
As	0.83	0.31	-0.08	0.31	-0.03
B	0.92	0.05	-0.07	0.05	0.04
Be	0.78	0.02	-0.03	-0.27	0.26
Ba	-0.13	-0.14	0.02	0.14	0.11
Bi	-0.04	-0.05	0.22	0.37	0.11
Co	0.74	0.22	0.11	0.43	-0.01
Cr	-0.07	-0.13	0.83	0.07	-0.03
Cu	0.05	0.95	0.02	0.17	0.03
F	0.13	0.24	-0.06	0.79	0.15
Mo	0.08	0.05	-0.09	-0.15	0.84
Ni	0.03	0.11	0.85	-0.05	-0.08
Pb	0.24	0.82	-0.16	-0.07	0.07
Sb	0.06	0.25	-0.17	0.45	-0.07
Sn	0.97	0.05	0.01	0.03	-0.08
V	-0.02	-0.07	0.70	-0.14	0.02
W	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.30	0.86
Zn	0.04	0.96	0.00	0.20	0.01
方差贡献/%	20.81	20.49	11.26	8.85	8.82
累计贡献方差/%	20.81	41.30	52.56	61.40	70.23