四川会理拉拉铜矿找矿预测模型构建与找矿示范

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.1.29

地学前缘 ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 309-327.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.1.29

• 成矿模式与定量找矿模型 • 上一篇下一篇

四川会理拉拉铜矿找矿预测模型构建与找矿示范

陈辉¹^,²(), 林鲁军³^,^*(), 庞振山¹^,², 程志中¹^,², 薛建玲¹^,², 陶文¹, 马一行¹^,², 龚灵明⁴, 申红涛⁴

1.中国地质调查局发展研究中心, 北京 100037
2.自然资源部矿产勘查技术指导中心, 北京 100083
3.中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所, 河北廊坊 065000
4.四川省地质矿产勘查开发局四〇三地质队, 四川峨眉山 614200

收稿日期:2021-04-10 修回日期:2021-04-20 出版日期:2021-05-20 发布日期:2021-05-23
通讯作者: 林鲁军
作者简介:陈辉(1986—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事矿床学和找矿预测研究工作。E-mail: cgschenhui@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划课题“深部矿产资源三维找矿预测评价示范”(2017YFC0601506);国家自然科学基金项目(42002102);中国地质调查局项目“矿集区矿产调查及深部找矿预测”(DD20190570)

Construction and demonstration of an ore prospecting model for the Lala copper deposit in Huili, Sichuan

CHEN Hui¹^,²(), LIN Lujun³^,^*(), PANG Zhenshan¹^,², CHENG Zhizhong¹^,², XUE Jianling¹^,², TAO Wen¹, MA Yixing¹^,², GONG Lingming⁴, SHEN Hongtao⁴

1. Development Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China
2. Technical Guidance Center for Mineral Resources Exploration, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100083, China
3. Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
4. 403 Geological Brigade of Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Emeishan 614200, China

Received:2021-04-10 Revised:2021-04-20 Online:2021-05-20 Published:2021-05-23
Contact: LIN Lujun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

勘查区找矿预测理论与方法体系是基于全国129个典型矿床的深入研究,以及在勘查项目实践验证基础上总结而形成的一种特别适合生产找矿第一线使用的有效方法。该方法以成矿作用内因(元素的地球化学特征)和外因(地质作用类型)相结合的思路,构建以成矿地质体、成矿构造与成矿结构面和成矿作用特征标志为主要内容的找矿预测地质模型。四川会理地区位于扬子板块西缘,区域成矿地质条件优越,经历多期构造事件叠加,形成了一系列独具特色的铁铜矿床。近年来,在拉拉铜矿的深部及外围已取得了重大找矿突破和进展。本文以会理拉拉铜矿为典型实例及深部找矿预测成果示范,阐述该方法在深部找矿预测中的具体应用过程,得出了如下认识:早期成矿地质体为赋矿火山岩(河口群钠长岩类),成矿构造与成矿结构面主要为基(中)性火山岩与沉积岩的界面及可能的喷溢口;热液叠加期成矿地质体推测为深部隐伏岩体,成矿构造与成矿结构面主要为褶皱、断裂和裂隙。在总结成矿作用特征标志基础上,建立了拉拉铜矿勘查区找矿预测地质模型。通过与地质和物探方法相结合,圈定红泥坡南部为找矿靶区,经钻探验证,发现厚大矿体,打开了区域找矿空间。

关键词: 找矿预测模型, 勘查区找矿, 四川会理, 拉拉铜矿, 找矿示范

Abstract:

The prediction theory and methodology of ore prospecting were developed from an in-depth study of 129 typical deposits in China. The prediction method was verified to be effective, especially for initial ore prospecting. Using this method, a geological model of ore prospecting can be established by combining the internal (geochemical characteristics of elements) and external (types of geological processes) control factors for mineralization. The main components of the prediction model include the metallogenic geological body, structure and structural plane and the characteristics of the metallogenic process. This paper takes the Lala copper deposit in the Huili area, Sichuan Province, as a typical example to illustrate in detail the application of this method in deep ore prospecting of hydrothermal deposits. The Huili area is located in the western margin of the Yangtze Plate, where the regional metallogenic geological conditions are superior and a series of unique Fe-Cu deposits were formed due to the superposition of multi-period tectonic events. In recent years, great prospecting breakthroughs and progress have been made in the deep and peripheral areas of the Lala copper deposit. In this paper, we determined that the early ore-forming geological body is the ore hosting volcanic rock (albitite of the Hekou Group), and the main metallogenic structural control is the interface between basic (intermediate) volcanic and sedimentary rocks and the possible volcanic vent. In the period of hydrothermal superposition, the metallogenic geological body was speculated to be a deep concealed intrusion, and the metallogenic structural controls are mainly folds, faults and fissures. On the basis of summarizing the mineralization characteristics, a geological model of ore prospecting in the Lala copper deposit was established. Together with the results of geological and geophysical explorations, the southern part of Hongnipo was delineated as the ore prospecting target area where a thick, large orebody was later found by drilling verification, which opened up the regional prospecting space.

Key words: prospecting and prediction model, ore prospecting in exploration area, Huili area of Sichuan Province, Lala copper deposit, prospecting demonstration

中图分类号:

陈辉, 林鲁军, 庞振山, 程志中, 薛建玲, 陶文, 马一行, 龚灵明, 申红涛. 四川会理拉拉铜矿找矿预测模型构建与找矿示范[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(3): 309-327.

CHEN Hui, LIN Lujun, PANG Zhenshan, CHENG Zhizhong, XUE Jianling, TAO Wen, MA Yixing, GONG Lingming, SHEN Hongtao. Construction and demonstration of an ore prospecting model for the Lala copper deposit in Huili, Sichuan[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(3): 309-327.

图/表 17

图1 拉拉地区大地构造位置(A)及拉拉矿田地质简图(B)(A据文献[15]修改;B据文献[17]修改)

Fig.1 (A) Geotectonic location of the Lala area (modified after [15]) and (B) geological sketch map of the Lala orefield (modified after [17])

图2 拉拉铜矿落凼矿区Ⅷ号剖面(A)和红泥坡矿区-3线剖面(B)示意图(A据文献[22]修改;B据文献[23]修改)

Fig.2 Schematic diagrams of (A) Section VIII of the Luodang district (modified from [22]) and (B) Section-3 of the Hongnipo district (modified from [23]) of the Lala copper mine

图3 康滇铜矿带成矿年龄统计(据文献[40,45]修改)

Fig.3 Statistics of ore-forming ages for the Kangdian copper belt. Modified after [40,45].

图4 落凼铜矿不同标高平台部分矿体出露特征照片 a—1 974 m平台西坡;b—1 950 m平台东坡;c—1 950 m平台西坡。

Fig.4 Field photos showing the outcropping characteristics of some orebodies on platforms with different elevations in the Luodang Cu deposit

图5 落凼铜矿床早期成矿结构面特征 Ccp—黄铜矿;Py—黄铁矿;Qz—石英;Sd—菱铁矿;Br—岩石角砾。

Fig.5 Characteristics of the metallogenic structural plane of the early period in the Luodang Cu deposit

图6 拉拉地区构造纲要图

Fig.6 Structural outline map of the Lala area

图7 落凼铜矿床与红泥坡铜矿床热液叠加期断裂、裂隙次生成矿结构面特征照片 Ccp—黄铜矿;Qz—石英;Py—黄铁矿;Cal—方解石。

Fig.7 Photos showing the secondary metallogenic structural planes of fractures and fissures of the hydrothermal superposition period in the Luodang and Hongnipo Cu deposits

图8 落凼铜矿床矿石野外照片 a,b—纹层状矿石;c,d—块状矿石;e,f—角砾状矿石;g,h—脉状矿石。Bt—黑云母;Br—岩石角砾;Cal—方解石;Ccp—黄铜矿;Py—黄铁矿。

Fig.8 Field photos of ores from the Luodang Cu deposit

图9 典型矿石结构镜下照片 a—自形-半自形磁铁矿;b—自形-半自形黄铁矿;c—黄铜矿交代黄铁矿和辉钼矿;d—黄铜矿交代铁硫砷钴矿和黄铁矿,铁硫砷钴矿具明显碎裂现象;e—黄铁矿包裹磁铁矿和黄铁矿;f—黄铁矿和磁铁矿具裂纹;g—闪锌矿中出溶乳滴状黄铜矿;h—黄铁矿包含围岩颗粒。Py—黄铁矿;Ccp—黄铜矿;God—铁硫砷钴矿;Mot—辉钼矿;Sp—闪锌矿;Mt—磁铁矿。

Fig.9 Photomicrographs showing the typical ore structures

图10 落凼铜矿不同期次与阶段矿物组合镜下照片 a-g—火山喷流-沉积期;h-j—热液叠加成矿期磁铁矿硫化物阶段;k-m—热液叠加期石英-方解石-硫化阶段;n,o—热液叠加期贫矿石英-方解石阶段。Qz—石英;Cal—方解石;Ap—磷灰石;Ms—白云母;Bi—黑云母;Py—黄铁矿;Ccp—黄铜矿;God—铁硫砷钴矿;Po—磁黄铁矿;Gl—自然金;Prs—氟碳钙铈矿;Mot—辉钼矿;Mt—磁铁矿;Hem—赤铁矿。

Fig.10 Photomicrographs of mineral assemblages in different periods and stages of the Luodang Cu deposit

表1 落凼铜矿主要矿物生成顺序表

Table 1 Paragenetic sequence of the Luodang Cu deposit

图11 蚀变类型照片

Fig.11 Photomicrographs of altered rocks of the early (A, B) and hydrothermal superposition (C-F) periods A,B—早期蚀变类型;C-F—叠加期蚀变类型。Qz—石英;Cal—方解石;Chl—绿泥石;Mus—白云母;Bt—黑云母;Ab—钠长石;Tur—电气石;Fl—萤石。

图12 拉拉铜矿找矿预测地质模型

Fig.12 Prospecting prediction model of the Lala copper deposit

图13 拉拉地区局部航磁ΔT平面图(据文献[61]修改)

Fig.13 Local aeromagnetic ΔT plan map of the Lala area. Modified after [61].

图14 落凼—黎洪地段地质剖面图(a)和AMT剖面电阻率反演结果(b)

Fig.14 Geological section map of the Luodang-Lihong district (a) and the result of resistivity profiling by AMT data inversion (b)

图15 AMT-16-08剖面(a)和AMT-19-1剖面(b)电阻率反演结果

Fig.15 Resistivity profiles AMT-16-08 (a) and AMT-19-1 (b)

图16 红泥坡南部外围铜矿纵剖面图

Fig.16 Longitudinal profile of the southern Hongnipo peripheral copper deposit

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四川会理拉拉铜矿找矿预测模型构建与找矿示范

Construction and demonstration of an ore prospecting model for the Lala copper deposit in Huili, Sichuan

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