关键词: 微细矿物, 高温高压, 极端条件, 金刚石压机, 同步辐射X-光源

Abstract:

Research of the Deep Space-Earth-Sea System involves micromineral study, mineral discovery as well as mineralogical investigations under extreme conditions, e.g. research on meteorolite samples and materials in meteorite craters, minerals in deep Earth, and seafloor methane hydrates. We mainly used diamond anvil cell (DAC) simultaneously in combination with synchronous radiation X-ray and neutron sources. In addition, we used various physical, chemical and optical methods (rock mineral chemical analysis, optical measurement, electron probe, ion probe, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, infrared, ultraviolet, Raman spectroscopy, laser heating, etc.). We investigated crystal structures and physical and chemical properties of mineral materials of different compositions under different temperature and pressure conditions. In this paper, we focused on a variety of typical minerals formed from various components at extreme temperatures and pressures from the Earths core to crust. They include ε-Fe in the metallic solid inner core and liquid outer core, post-perovskite structure (ppv) magnesium iron silicate (Mg,Fe)SiO3 in the D″ layer located at the core-mantle boundary (CMB), perovskite structure (pv) magnesium iron silicate in the lower mantle, Bridgmanite (Mg,Fe)SiO3, mafic oxide (Fe,Mg)O and post-spinel structure containing Fe3+ Maohokite (HP-MgO4), and magnesium ferrosilicate, silicon oxide, chromite, diamond and its inclusions, methane hydrate (CH4·H2O), etc., in the transition zone, upper mantle, crust and ocean bottom. The research of mineralogy under extreme conditions provides new insights into the structure and properties and dynamic evolution of the Earth.

Key words: microminerals, high temperature &, high pressure, extreme conditions, diamond-anvil cell (DAC), synchronous radiation X-ray sources